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PubMed1979

Human rights, health, and capital accumulation in the Third World.

This article examines the relationship between human rights and the pattern of capital accumulation in the Third World. The repressive authoritarian State increasingly constitutes the means for enforcing the intensive exploitation of labor in Third World industrial enclaves and commercial agriculture. While the development of center capitalism has evolved toward "the Welfare State" and a framework of liberal sociodemocracy, the "peripheral State" is generally characterized by nondemocratic forms of government. This bipolarity in the state structure between center and periphery is functionally related to the international division of labor and the unity of production and circulation on a world level. The programs and policies of the center Welfare State (health, education, social security, etc.) constitute an input of "human capital" into the high-technology center labor process. Moreover, welfare programs in center countries activate the process of circulation by sustaining high levels of consumer demand. In underdeveloped countries, the underlying vacuum in the social sectors and the important allocations to military expenditure support the requirements of the peripheral labor process. Programs in health in the center and periphery are related to the bipolarity (qualification/dequalification) in the international division of labor. The social and economic functions of health programs are intimately related to the organic structure of the State and the mechanics whereby the State allocates its financial surplus in support of both capitalist production and circulation.

Africa↗
PubMed1984

Capitate-lunate instability: recognition by manipulation under fluoroscopy.

Videotape fluoroscopy was used to diagnose a previously undescribed carpal dissociation, the capitate lunate instability pattern. In eight patients with midcarpal pain and clicking, the examiner simultaneously applied pressure to the scaphoid tuberosity while applying longitudinal traction and flexion to the wrist under fluoroscopic control. This maneuver revealed dorsal subluxation of the proximal carpal row and capitate lunate subluxation in each of the eight patients. Plain radiography and arthrography were not helpful in the diagnosis. All eight cases were managed conservatively. Videotape fluoroscopy is the best radiologic method of diagnosing capitate-lunate instability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Family human and social capital and young adults' educational attainment and occupational aspirations.

The study examined relations between family human and social capital and the educational attainment and occupational aspirations of 420 Australian 20-yr.-olds. After taking into account the relations between human capital and the outcome scores, the findings indicated that family social capital had significant associations with the young adults' attainment and aspirations.

Achievement↗
PubMed1996

Human hydatidosis in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, 1987-1992.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of human hydatidosis in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. METHODS: Data on human hydatid infection occurring between 1987 and 1992 were collected retrospectively from 25 hospitals and 13 health services in New South Wales and four hospitals in the Australian Capital Territory. Mean annual prevalences of human hydatidosis were determined for shires in eastern New South Wales and data on infection in immigrants and Australian-born patients were compared. RESULTS: 321 patients were diagnosed with hydatid disease, 1987-1992; 195 were new cases and 117 readmissions (nine cases were not identified as new or recurrent). Most patients lived in the eastern half of New South Wales (which includes the Australian Capital Territory), half in rural areas and half in the major coastal cities. Most Australian-born rural patients lived in 39 shires in the north-eastern and south-eastern Tablelands. Sixty per cent of the patients in major cities were born overseas. CONCLUSIONS: Hydatid infection occurs more commonly in south-eastern Australia than the official figures suggest. In rural areas of the north-eastern and south-eastern Tablelands hydatid infection is of public health importance. The national notification system must be improved and control campaigns alerting the public to the dangers of hydatid infection promoted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Volar dislocation of the capitate.

In this report we describe a case of volar dislocation of the capitate associated with dislocation of the ulnar side of the carpometacarpal joint. Forced dorsiflexion of the wrist caused the rotation and volar displacement of the proximal portion of the capitate. Dislocation of the capitate is rare and may be seen in more complex injuries. An awareness of this type of injury may contribute to prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2000

[Preservation of vascular and cardiac capital in the patient with chronic kidney failure].

Preservation of the vascular and cardiac capital is an essential objective at all times in patients with chronic renal failure, even before end-stage renal failure, at which time the urologist may need to perform surgical procedures on the urinary tract in the presence of uropathy. Medical and paramedical teams must be aware of the importance of preservation of the capital venous of the upper extremity and the risks of subclavian catheterization at this stage. When creating a vascular access, distal anastomoses should be preferred, sometimes at the cost of grafting, in order to preserve left ventricular function. Close collaboration with radiologists is now essential to manage complications of vascular accesses. The management of arteriovenous fistula after transplantation depends on many sometimes contradictory parameters and should be determined case by case. The importance of "economic" management of the patient's vascular and cardiac capital justifies global management of chronic renal failure by urologists perfectly familiar with the specific problems of these patients and trained to intervene throughout the course of the disease.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Geographical characteristics of migration linkages in the Moscow capital region.

"A study of migration processes in the Moscow Capital Region over the period 1970-1985 begins by assessing their contribution to overall population growth within the region vis-a-vis natural increase and territorial and administrative changes. Attention then is turned toward movements both within the Moscow Capital Region and between it and other oblasts of the European RSFSR. Although the overall volume of migration within the Moscow capital Region and between it and remaining oblasts of the European RSFSR declined, the relative popularity of the former as a destination among migrants in European Russia remained unchanged."

Demography↗
PubMed2002

Increasing social capital via local networks: analysis in the context of a surgical practice.

The relationship between social capital (support, trust, patient awareness, and increased practice revenue) and local networks (university hospital) in communities has received little attention. The development of computer-based communication networks (social networks) has added a new dimension to the argument, posing the question of whether local networks can (re-)create social capital in local communities. This relationship is examined through a review of the literature on local networks and social capital and a surgeon's practice management from 1990 to 2001 with respect to repair of pectus chest deformities. With respect to pectus repair there was a consistent but small number of new referrals (15-20 new patients/year), lack of patient awareness (eight to 12 self-referred patients/year), and modest practice revenue. Since the inception of an Internet website (social network) dedicated to pectus repair in 1996 there has been increased social participation (n = 630 hits/year to the website); facilitation of spread of information through E-mail messages (n = 430 messages/year); and a greater participation of groups such as women, minorities, adults, and those with disability (n = 120 patients/year). The dissemination of information via the local network has also allowed an "outward movement" with increased participation by interconnecting communities (n = 698,300 global Internet participants based on statistical ratios). We conclude that local networks have enhanced social networks providing new grounds for the development of relationships based on choice and shared interest.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Closed reduction and pinning for acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis].

Acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a rare adolescent hip disorder, which may be a problem for orthopedic surgeon. No series to date has demonstrated the superiority of any treatment method. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the outcome of treatment and to assess the risk factors of avascular necrosis associated with this condition. Fourteen cases of acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis were treated with closed reduction and pinning. There were 9 boys and 5 girls. The average age at presentation was 11.8 years (range 9.1-15.3). Eight children were treated 4-10 days and six within 48 hours of the onset of their acute symptoms. The severity of the slip was classified according to the system of Southwick. Presence of chondrolysis and avascular necrosis was estimated. The clinical results were graded with the use of the criteria of Aadelen et al. Four slips were classified as mild, seven as moderate and three as severe. Average follow up was 5.2 years (range from 2.4 to 14.3). In two hips with severe slip AVN developed. One of these cases was treated within 48 hours and one after 7 days. Chondrolysis developed in one hip and was associated with presence of intra-articular fixation. Twelve of the fourteen hips had good and vary good results and remaining 2 with AVN had poor. Closed reduction and pinning in acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis is an effective and giving satisfactory outcome method of treatment. Early reduction is not associated with a high rate of AVN and should be performed as soon as possible. More severe slips were noted to have an increased risk of AVN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Biomechanical comparison of three internal fixations for treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in immature dogs.

The biomechanical strength and stiffness of 3 fixation techniques used to repair acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis were evaluated in bone specimens from immature dogs. A servohydraulic testing machine was used to create slipped capital femoral epiphysis in 9 pairs of femurs by shearing the capital femoral epiphysis along the physis in a craniocaudal direction. The slip was reduced and repaired with 1, 2, or 3 double-pointed, 1.6-mm (0.062-inch) smooth pin(s) and retested. The strength and stiffness of each intact femur (which served as the control) and repaired femur were compared. Results of the study indicated that differences among the failure strengths of 1- and 2-pin fixations and their respective controls were not significant; however, the 3-pin fixation was 29% stronger than its control and was 60 and 45% stronger than the 1- and 2-pin fixations, respectively. One- and 2-pin fixations were 34 and 24% less stiff than their respective controls, whereas the stiffness of the 3-pin fixation was similar to its control. The 2- and 3-pin fixations were 48 and 76% stiffer, respectively, than the 1-pin fixation, but were not significantly different, compared with each other.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Social capital, gold for telemedicine?

Value norms within an interactive social network, social capital, can improve many aspects of the quality of life including health. Effective means of communication are key to making the social capital available. Telemedicine is therefore well placed to playing an important role in providing social capital to many groups in a society, which are at present deprived of this resource for maintaining health.

Communication↗
PubMed2005

[In situ pinning on slipped femoral capital epiphysis with a single cannulated screw].

BACKGROUND: Slipped femoral capital epiphysis requires immediate surgical intervention. Because this condition is relatively rare, the diagnosis is frequently delayed in patients with complaints of knee and hip pain and limping. Middle term results of patients who were diagnosed early and treated with a single cannulated screw are evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Five hips of 4 patients (3 male, 1 female) with slipped femoral capital epiphysis treated with a single cannulated screw between the years of 2000-2003 were evaluated under the light of literature findings. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 13 (range 12-14) years; mean slip angle was 33.2 degrees (range 26 degrees -40 degrees ); mean body mass index was 27.3 kg/m2 (range 25.6-29.8 kg/m2 ). After immediate immobilization, internal fixation with a single screw was applied without any reduction. CONCLUSION: During the mean follow-up period of 24 months (range 12- 41) epiphysial slipping progression was not observed and new epiphysial slipping did not develop on the contralateral hips. We are of the opinion that intervention for slipped femoral capital epiphysis with a single cannulated screw is a beneficial treatment. Although the number of our cases is limited we believe a close follow-up of the hip without prophylactic pinning should be the preferable alternative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. A prospective study of fixation with a single screw.

Forty-four children (fifty-eight hips) who had a slipped capital femoral epiphysis were managed by in situ pinning with a single cannulated screw. This method of treatment was first used in our institution in 1983. Thirty-one boys and thirteen girls were followed for an average of three years (range, two to six years). There were eight acute slips and fifty chronic slips. Thirty-four patients were black and ten patients were white. The clinical criteria of Heyman and Herndon and the radiographic parameters cited by Boyer et al. were used to grade the results. Fifty-four hips were rated as either excellent or good. Avascular necrosis developed in one patient who had an acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis, but chondrolysis did not occur in any patient. The complications included a subtrochanteric fracture in one patient and an increase in the degree of slippage of the capital femoral epiphysis in two patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Measurement variability of the lateral head-shaft angle in slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

The lateral head-shaft angle as described by Southwick is used to assess the severity of slipped capital femoral epiphysis and to measure progression. Intraobserver variability in measuring the lateral head-shaft angle may influence decision making. The purpose of this study was to determine intraobserver variability in the measurement of the lateral head-shaft angle of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. The lateral head-shaft angle of 108 hips was measured twice by three observers. The two-way analysis of variance method of Bland and Altman as outlined by Loder was used to determine the intraobserver variability. For the lateral head-shaft angle in slipped capital femoral epiphysis, the intraobserver variability was +/-5.9 degrees . To ensure true change, a single observer should document at least a 12 degrees change in the lateral head-shaft angle between two radiographs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The elusive slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is the most common disorder of the hip in young adolescents. Although it is not completely understood, predictive indicators give clues as to who is at risk. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis need not be painfully disabling. Many children are quite active during an active slip. Any child between the ages of 10 and 15 years presenting with thigh, knee, and/or hip pain and no special history of trauma should have a good hip examination to rule out slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of fracture versus radiolucent table in the treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

PURPOSE: Compare slipped capital femoral epiphysis stabilized on fracture versus radiolucent table. METHODS: Twenty unilateral stable mild slipped capital femoral epiphyses were stabilized in-situ with a single screw. Age, sex, side, body-mass index, type of table, anesthesia time, surgery time, fluoroscopy time, number of fluoroscopy images, preoperative/postoperative lateral head-shaft angle, and number of screw threads engaging the epiphysis were noted. RESULTS: There were no differences in the measured parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Stabilization of mild slipped capital femoral epiphysis can be accomplished reliably and safely with the use of either a radiolucent or fracture table.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[An introduction of the concept of social capital into health promotion activities].

Social factors, such as networks, institutions, trust, and social norms, are currently known as "Social Capital", the concept of which seeks to provide a basis for visualization and measurement of phenomena stemming from such factors. As a considerable amount of research has demonstrated that collective actions may be established with a greater degree of ease in communities with well-accumulated social factors, we can promote collective actions of Health Promotion activities through the concept of Social Capital and thereby establish more effective intervention. It is to be expected that theoretical research and operational experience using Social Capital may contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of Health Promotion activities, improving various health determinants through collective action.

Community Networks↗
PubMed1989

Fractured capital femoral epiphysis in twin ewes.

Capital femoral physeal fractures occurred simultaneously in twin 2-year-old Shropshire ewes. The fractures resulted in gradual, progressive lameness and recumbency. There was no history of trauma and no other ewes in the flock were affected. The fractures occurred at an age when the capital physis should have been closed. Clinical and postmortem examination of the ewes and evaluation of the ration did not reveal predisposing factors for the condition. A familial tendency for fractured capital femoral epiphysis is well documented in human beings, but there is no known familial tendency in sheep.

Animals↗