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PubMed2002

[Investigation on the relationship of occlusal force to formation of wedge-shaped defects].

OBJECTIVE: To clinically investigate and identify the occlusal force as one of factors relative to formation of wedge-shaped defects. METHODS: 123 subjects, selected from a group of middle-aged and elderly people in an urban area were divided into four groups: control, light, middle and severe group according to the severity of wedge-shaped defects. Cuspid, first and second premolars, and first molar in maxilla were examined for occlusal force by occlusometer, and the peak value of occlusal contact strain on every maxillary tooth was studied by photocclusion. RESULTS: Significant reduce of occlusive force in the defected teeth was found than that of in the control teeth. The occlusal contact strain of first premolars with defects by photocclusion was statistically increased. The relative occlusal contact strain of first premolars and first molar of defects was higher than that of their proximate teeth. CONCLUSION: Occlusal force could have relation to the formation of wedge-shaped defects.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The effect of fibrin sealant on dental pulp for pulp capping in experimental dogs].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pulp tissue reaction and reparative dentine formation of dog pulp capped with Fibrin Sealant (FS). METHODS: The fibrin was from a tisseel Kit (Immuno AG, Vienna, Austria) consisting of solution A (freeze-dried human fibrinogen, factor XIII, Aprotinine) and solution B (thrombin powder, calcium chloride) with 0.02 ml from each for each tooth. The Ca(OH)2 paste (Calar, China) was served as the control. Forty nine cuspid, premolar and molar teeth in 4 adult dogs weighed 11-13 kg were used. Surgical anesthesia was obtained by muscle injection of 3% sodium pentobarbital (1 ml/kg). The pulp were exposed by using sterile high-speed rotary cutting instruments with water-cooling. The pulps were treated with 0.02 ml fibrin or Ca(OH)2 paste respectively. The cavity was filled with zine phosphate cement. The animals were killed at intervals of 1, 4, 6, 9 weeks after surgery and perfused with phosphate-buffered saline followed by 10% formalin in phosphate-buffered saline. The jaws were resected and the samples prepared by removing each experimental tooth in block, further fixing them by immersion in 10% formalin in phosphate-buffered saline. The specimen were processed for histologic examination. Serial sections (5 nm thick) were made, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, examined using a light microscope. RESULTS: 7 days after operation, the samples treated with the FS showed no hemorrhage and degeneration of pulp tissue and a small amount inflammatory cells near the wounds. The samples treated with Ca(OH)2 showed hemorrhage and degeneration (2/6) and a large amount inflammatory cells near the wounds. 28 days after operation, pulp health of teeth treated with FS and Ca(OH)2 was nearly recovered. Dentin bridges were observed in 2 out of 6 cases treated with Ca(OH)2. 42 days after operation, pulp health of teeth treated with FS and Ca(OH)2 was totally recovered. Dentin bridges were observed in 2 out of 7 cases of pulp treated with FS and four out of 6 cases treated with Ca(OH)2. 63 days after operation, pulp health of teeth treated with FS and Ca(OH)2 was soundly resumed. The dentine bridge was observed in 4 out 6 cases of pulp treated with the FS and in all 6 cases treated with Ca(OH)2. CONCLUSION: FS has no dentin inducing activity, but can enhance exposed pulp healing, so FS can be served as a promised pulp capping agent.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microscopical aspects of root resorption of human deciduous teeth.

In order to obtain detailed information on the tissue changes which occur during physiological root resorption, 52 human deciduous teeth at various stages of resorption were studied under light microscopy. The early stage of root resorption was defined as resorption of not more than one third of the root length; the late stage was defined as resorption of more than one third. A close topographical interrelationship was found among che sites of pressure of the permanent tooth, the extent of root resorption and the types of tissue changes. Linear resorption (which reflects suspension or marked slowing down of resorption) and redeposition of hard tissue were more pronounced at the early stage of resorption, while lacunar resorption was more pronounced at the late stage. There were pronounced haemorrhagic and inflammatory infiltrates within the pulp at the late stage of resorption and the subodontoblastic cells disappeared as the infiltrates took over the tooth. False denticles were found frequently, especially at the early stage of resorption. Unexpectedly, acellular cementum was found to be deposited against secondary dentine at the cuspidal tip of the pulp chamber of seven teeth, independently of any sign of resorption nearby. These data indicate that: 1) the pressure exerted by a permanent tooth is the most important factor in the differentiation of odontoclasts. 2) the extent of lacunar (i.e., active) resorption correlates directly with the resorption rate, which is higher at the late stage of root resorption. 3) inflammation is a consequence, rather than a cause, of resorption; it may lead to the loss of subodontoblastic cells and a consequent decrease in the ability of the pulp cells to replace damaged odontoblasts. 4) the pulp of the deciduous tooth might be cementogenic in some way, given that about 13% of the samples were found to be so.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Orthodontic treatment of a Class II division 1 malocclusion exhibiting significant maxillary arch length deficiency: a case report.

The orthodontic correction of a Class II Division I malocclusion with significant maxillary arch length deficiency and a blocked-out maxillary cuspid is reported. The case was successfully completed on a non-extraction basis using extraoral cervical headgear anchorage and compressed coil springs to gain necessary maxillary arch length. No intermaxillary elastics or functional appliances were used. Favorable patient cooperation and facial growth were instrumental in achieving good results.

Child↗
PubMed1992

[A comparison of two methods for pre-operative radiographic examination in treatment with oral implants in the anterior mandibular area].

Insertion of osseointegrated implants in the anterior mandibular region for retaining a removable denture represents a treatment, which is cheap for the patient and surgically uncomplicated. Bone height measures from two radiographic examinations 1) panoramic radiographs and 2) lateral tangential views, were compared. Radiographs from 20 patients were analyzed. The vertical height of the mandible was measured in the midline as well as in the cuspid region on the panoramic radiographs and the tangential views ("maximum" bone heights). The mean maximum bone heights were higher on tangential views in both regions. On the tangential views the inclinations of the future implants were estimated and the part of the alveolar ridge having a width less than 5 mm, which is the minimum width for housing an implant, was compiled. The resulting height ("effective bone height") was calculated. In 10% of the cases the effective bone height was equal to the maximum height, and in 90% it was smaller. The over-estimation varied between 0 mm and 15.3 mm. It is concluded that panoramic radiographs are unreliable for evaluating bone height in planning insertion of oral implants in the anterior mandibular region. They give no information about form and width of the bone. Tangential views reveal the true morphology of the mandible as seen in a cross-section, and offer an opportunity for calculating the effective bone height at disposal for oral implants.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed2003

[Using mineral trioxide aggregate as a direct pulp-capping material in dogs].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the dental pulp responses in dogs after MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) and a calcium hydroxide (Dycal) were applied as pulp-capping materials. METHODS: Twelve cuspids in three healthy adult beagle dogs were divided into two groups randomly. MTA or Dycal was used to repair the exposed site which was created with a fissure bur in a high-speed handpiece with copious water spray at the labial cervical access. Then the cavity was filled with glass ionomer cement (GIC). Four months later, the specimens were processed for histologic examination to observe the pulpal inflammation and dentin bridge formation. RESULTS: Five of six samples capped with MTA were free of pulpal inflammation, and all of samples in this group had dentin bridge formation. In contrast, all of samples capped with Dycal showed pulpal inflammation, and dentin bridge formation occurred in only 2 samples. CONCLUSION: MTA is a biocompatible material which can promote dentin bridge formation. It can be used as a direct pulp-capping material during vital pulp therapy.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2003

Coronally positioned flap with or without enamel matrix protein derivative for the treatment of gingival recessions.

PURPOSE: To evaluate, histometrically, the healing of gingival recessions treated by coronally positioned flaps associated with enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD-Group) and to compare it to that obtained with coronally positioned flaps alone (CPF-Group). METHODS: Five mongrel dogs were used. Gingival recessions were surgically created on the buccal aspect of the upper cuspids. The defects (5 x 7 mm) were exposed to plaque accumulation for 3 months. After a preparation period, the contralateral defects were randomly assigned to each group. After 3 months of healing, the dogs were sacrificed and the blocks were processed. The histometric parameters evaluated included: gingival recession, length of epithelium, new connective tissue attachment and new bone. RESULTS: The gingival recession was -0.1 +/- 0.2 mm for the EMD-Group and -0.8 +/- 1.3 mm for the CPF-Group (P = 0.17). The extension of the epithelium was 1.2 +/- 1.0 mm for the EMD-Group and 1.3 +/- 0.7 mm for the CPF-Group (P = 0.89). The new connective tissue attachment was 4.8 +/- 0.7 in the EMD-Group and 4.0 +/- 1.4 in the CPF-Group (P = 0.22). The new bone was 0.1 +/- 1.8 mm and -0.5 +/- 1.4 mm in the EMD-Group and CPF-Group, respectively (P = 0.50). Histologically, the defect coverage observed was 98.2% for the EMD-Group and 85.8% for the CPF-Group.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2003

SEM-evaluation of enamel surfaces after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances.

PURPOSE: To determine where, and how severe, the enamel surfaces were damaged by the removal of fixed orthodontic appliances, and whether the damage showed any change after 12 months. METHODS: 284 teeth of 13 patients after orthodontic treatment were examined. Brackets had been bonded on incisors, cuspids and premolars, while first molars were banded. Replicas of the teeth were made immediately after the removal of the brackets and adhesive, and again 1 year later. SEM photographs at a magnification of x10 were taken of all of the labial enamel surfaces. Using a computer, a grid with 3 x 3 rectangles was superimposed onto the photographs. In every rectangle, at a magnification of x50, damage caused by debonding was graded with an index. RESULTS: Moderate to heavy damage on the enamel surface was detected in 44% of all rectangles. More than 88% of all rectangles exhibiting damage showed no sign of improvement after 12 months. The more distal a tooth was in the dental arch, the more serious the damages turned out to be. More than 88% of the teeth had visible grooves in the line angle and/or cervical area, which must have been caused by tungsten carbide burs. In general, it was obvious that the middle of the labial surface, where the bracket was fixed, was not the area most affected, but rather the approximal and cervical borders.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMed2000

[Experimental study of Ti-75(AlMoZrTi alloy) dental implants in dog mandible].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility of Ti-75(AlMoZrTi Alloy) dental implants. METHODS: Four 6.5 to 16 kg dogs were used,after mandibular cuspids and premolar extraction, 16 implants were placed and left for six or twelve months. All of the dental implants were made of Ti-75 (AlMoZrTi Alloy) and they were manufactured in two types-nonsubmerged and submerged threaded implants. RESULTS: The survival rate of the implants was 100% (submerged implants) and 91.7% (nonsubmerged implants). Histologically,all survival implants showed some degree of intimate bone to implant contact, but one of the nonsubmerged implants showed periimplantitis. No implants were observed to be mobile. The periotest values of the dental implants were near the periotest values of the nature teeth. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated Ti-75 is a biocompatible material and periotest is worthy of detection of osseointegration.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2004

[Oral-facial-digital syndrome type I. A case report].

Oral-facial-digital syndrome type I (OFDI) is a congenital X-linked dominant disorder characterized by anomalies of the oral cavity, face and digits sometimes associated to cerebral malformations and polycystic kidney disease. The gene, responsible for this syndrome, is ofd1. Clinically it is seen only in females. Lesions of the mouth include median pseudoclefting of the upper lip, clefts of the palate and tongue, and dental anomalies (missing or supernumerary teeth, enamel hypoplasia, and teeth malpositions). Dysmorphic features affecting the head include hypertelorism, frontal bossing, micrognathia, facial asymmetry and broadened nasal ridge. The digital abnormalities are syndactyly, clinodactyly, brachydactyly and, rarely, pre or post-axial polydactyly. Less frequently ex-pressed phenotypic anomalies include skin milia, alopecia, deafness and trembling. Sometimes the diagnosis of OFDI can be difficult because there is an overlap with other types of oral-facial-digital syndromes. A sporadic case of OFDI, with 7 lower incisors, both in the primary and permanent dentition, is reported. This dental anomaly is very unusual because in literature only supernumerary cuspids are reported. In the light of this case, the authors discuss the oral phenotypic expression of ofd1 gene and its role in human odontogenesis.

Child↗
PubMed1992

[The research and analysis on the fused primary teeth regarding to the permantent dental dentition-10 years follow up]

36 cases with unilateral mandibular fused primary teeth have been followed up and analysed for 10 years.The result showed that the fused primary teeth obviously affect the secondary permanent teeth and permanent dental dentition.In this series,there was one secondary permanent tooth lost in all of 19 cases.The secondary permanent tooth was also fused tooth in 3 cases.The length of permanent dental dentition and the width of dentition in front of the second cuspids in the cases with one secondary permanent tooth lost were extremely shorter than that in the cases with secondary permanent teeth.In addition,the mandibular dental dentitions were towards the fused teeth side.Comparing to the synonymic teeth,the mesial and distal steps and the height of secondary permanent teeth of fused primary teeth were no difference from normal side.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

[A study of errors of radiography in 10000 intraoral periapical radiographs]

A total of 10000 full-mouth radiographs (10000 periapical radiographs were evaluated for radiographic errors.The result showed that four major types of errors were found in this study,They are cone cutting(5.59%),incorrect vertical angulation(38.84%),incorrect horizontal angulation(37.16%),and incorrect film placement (14.16%).The incidence of radiographic technique errors was 0.096%.Most errors were caused by incorrect vertical angulation and incorrect horizontal angulation(76%).Most errors were found in the cuspid premolar regions(70.6%)

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

[The form of the dental arch according to the Tweed-Merrifield philosophy: individualization and attempt at standardization].

A literature review reveals that changes from the initial arch form lead to a proportionate amount of subsequent relapse and that there is great variation among human arch forms. A persistent search for the ideal arch form is still going on. Many authors presented different techniques for its individualization. A new software ("Arch form generator") was developed to create the arch form following the Tweed-Merrifield concepts. The form and dimensions of 169 mandibular arches were evaluated along with Angle classification and facial type as variables. The reliability of the Ricketts pentamorphic arch forms was questioned and a new arch guide was developed as part of a trial for standardization. The Class III cases showed greater width and smaller cuspid depth when compared to the Class I and Class II cases. The hypodivergent cases showed greater width when compared to the hyperdivergent and normodivergent cases. There is no characteristic form for the human dental arch.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2004

[Early results of surgical treatment in acquired heart diseases during endocarditis in own material].

BACKGROUND: Endocarditis can concern natural as well as artificial heart valves. In conservative treatment mortality reaches 24-60%. Surgical procedure is the only way to save these patients in most cases. METHODS: Between 1998-2001, 114 patients underwent surgery because of valve endocarditis, 86 male and 28 female. 43 patients underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR), (13 MV reoperation), 51 aortic valve replacement (AVR), (16 AV reoperation) and 20 patients underwent MVR and AVR (3 both valves replacement). Three groups were similar regarding age, gender, emergency or elective procedures and NYHA class four. All patients underwent open heart surgery in ECC with hypothermia and crystalloid cardioplegia done by the same group of surgeons. RESULTS: Operative mortality in the MVR group was 11.6% (five of 43) compared to 3.9% (two of 51) AVR patients and 25% (five of 20) MVR and AVR group. The highest mortality rate was in both infected artificial valves procedures. There was growth of the bacteria in intraoperative material in 37.6% (33) of cases, mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Incidence of postoperative sepsis, multiorgan failure, high grade atrio-ventricular block or low cardiac output was the highest in MVR and AVR patients. Independent predictors of operative mortality included increasing patient age, female gender, infected valve reoperation, and history of stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that patients with endocarditis and compromised hemodynamic status can be operated with acceptable morbidity and mortality. If echocardiography shows the cuspids perforations or vegetations, chords tendinous rupture or perivalvular leak, the patients should undergo cardiac surgery as soon as possible, in order to avoid severe embolic complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Comparative analysis of direct and indirect implant impression techniques an in vitro study. An in vitro study.

Implant impression and transfer of the implant position to a working cast for rehabilitative purposes not always represent a predictable reconstructive step. The variable results depend on the transfer technique utilized and on the accuracy of the impression materials. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of the direct and indirect impression techniques and to analyze the distortion of different impression materials. An edentulous acrylic resin mandible was used as reference model: in the cuspid position 2 laboratory analogs were inserted perpendicularly to the occlusal plane and fastened with resin. Two impressions for each indirect and direct recording techniques with 4 different impression materials were made. Polyvinyl siloxanes were used for the repositioning implant level method. Polyethers were used for the ''pick up'' impression technique. Analysis of cast distortion was measured computing the inter-implant position on the developed models compared to that of the master model. Measurements were recorded by a digital caliper. The results of this in vitro study demonstrate that the direct impression technique is preferable to the indirect one and that the Impregum polyether impression material is the most precise when used in association with a direct technique.

Dental Impression Technique↗
PubMed2006

Coronally positioned flap with or without acellular dermal matrix graft in gingival recessions: a histometric study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate, histometrically, the healing of gingival recession treated by coronally positioned flaps (CPF) with or without acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as a subepithelial graft. METHODS: Gingival recessions were created on the upper cuspids of six dogs and were randomly assigned to: CPF+ADM (ADM group) or CPF alone (CPF group). After 4 months, the dogs were sacrificed, and the histometric measurements were performed. RESULTS: The epithelial length was 2.28 + 0.92 mm and 2.10 + 0.46 mm for the ADM and CPF groups, respectively (P=0.74). The connective tissue adaptation was 0.05 + 0.08 mm for the ADM group and 0.06 + 0.08 mm for the CPF group (P=0.36). The new cementum was 2.35 + 1.55 mm and 2.90 + 0.96 mm in the ADM and CPF groups, respectively (P=0.53). The new bone was 0.60 + 1.36 mm for the ADM group and 0.35 + 0.82 mm for the CPF group (P=0.53). The gingival recession was -0.88 + 1.33 mm in the ADM group and -0.21 + 0.22 mm in the CPF group (P=0.21). The gingival thickness was 1.63 + 0.28 mm in the ADM group and 1.16 + 0.20 mm in the CPF group (P=0.002).

Alveolar Process↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The four dimensions of orthodontic diagnosis--part 1.

This article discusses the three usual dimensions of diagnosis - transverse, vertical, and the anterior-posterior position of the maxilla and mandible and the important fourth dimension - condylar position. Also discussed is how the proper diagnosis and treatment of these dimensions lead to: The Seven Keys to Facial Beauty and TMJ Health. An accurate diagnosis of crowding cannot be made from a panorex or study models alone - the panorex can be very misleading. Also, an accurate diagnosis of the transverse width of the maxilla and mandible cannot be made from a lateral cephalogram, a panorex, or study models - how they can also be very misleading. A method of facial diagnosis based on facial esthetics and the patient's smile that more accurately evaluates arch width problems and the need for arch expansion. An early orthopedic phase of treatment in certain types of cases can head off a major crowding problem and/or impacted cuspids. It is important to develop the maxilla to its proper size and arch form to allow for complete mandibular development and positioning. Three patient examples are shown using these methods and the results achieved.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed2006

[Study on repair approach of bilateral cleft lips and nose deformity].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the operative technique and aesthetic problem of reconstruction to deformity of bilateral cleft lip. METHODS: From March 2003 to December 2004, 26 patients with bilateral cleft lip were treated, aged 10 months to 11 years. Of 26 patients, there were 13 bilateral complete cleft lip and palate, 9 bilateral incomplete cleft lip and 4 mixed cleft lip with unilateral complete cleft palate. The chief design principle was keeping the length of prolabium. During operation, sufficient dissociation was made in the base of the ala base and orbicularis oris muscle to reconstruct these structures. The circle suture was made for the bilateral orbicularis oris muscle. The shape of vermilion was achieved by lateral red lip muscle flap and simultaneous simple rhinoplasty was performed. RESULTS: Primary healing of the incisions was achieved in all cases. After the 10 days-3 months follow-up, the results were satisfactory in the width and chubbiness of the nose bottom, the shapes of nostril and Cuspid's bow were good without whistle deformity. The appearance of upper lip was good in either dynamic or static state. CONCLUSION: Excellent shapes and function of the nose and lip, and opportunity for two-stage repair could be obtained with this method, which being believed important methods for the primary repair of bilateral cleft lip.

Child↗