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PubMedDate not supplied

[Conditioned reflex autoregulation of human respiration during tachystoscopic presentation of cues].

The changes in external respiration were studied in humans during visual perception of test signals, as well as the changes in relations between the moment of signal presentation and the phase of respiratory cycle in the process of complication of experimental tasks and training. The method of temporal stereotype of test signals sequence permitted to reveal the process of self-regulation of cerebral functional state through the changes in respiration. This process is envisaged as a component of the entire structure of conditioned reflex to time. Its principal meaning is to prepare the functional level of the central nervous system providing for the stability of the given level of perception and processing of information in time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Central excitation and inhibition in conditioned reflexes.

Cortical neuronal reactions were studied in cats during the conditioning of a defensive reflex to auditory stimuli. Conditioned cortical neuronal reactions were polyphasic, in which the initial responses, the temporal depression of activity, and the early and late afterdischarges could be distinguished. In many neurons during conditioning, a strengthening of initial impulse responses was found, as was the appearance and augmentation of afterdischarges. Comparison between the latency of conditioned movements and phases of neuronal reactions suggested that the conditioned reactions represented primarily the modified afterdischarges evoked by conditioned stimuli. Elimination of the reinforcement was accompanied by the gradual recovery of neuronal reactions to the initial level. Early afterdischarges were most stable during extinction. In contrast to usual extinction, differentiated inhibition was found to be a more active process: in some neurons ordinary extinction occurred, while in the others the impulse reactions arose and were augmented. It is concluded that changes of excitatory processes underlie central inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on conditioned reflex learning rate and retention in laboratory animals.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on learning and/or memory processes in laboratory animals. In the water maze test, acetyl-L-carnitine, given intraperitoneally at doses ranging from 0.3 to 100 mg/kg, improved performances in both mice and rats. In the latter the drug also proved active when administered orally in the 3-100 mg/kg dosage range. In the pole climbing test in the rat, acetyl-L-carnitine at doses ranging from 0.03 to 10 mg/kg i.p. increased the conditioned reflex learning rate. In the passive avoidance test in the rat, significant increases in retention were observed after treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine at doses ranging from 1 to 30 mg/kg i.p. In the passive avoidance plus electroconvulsive shock test in the mouse, acetyl-L-carnitine antagonized amnesia at doses ranging from 0.1 to 3 mg/kg i.p.

Acetylcarnitine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Formation of conditioned reflex systems to time in lower simians].

The object of the study was the formation of systems of conditioned food-procuring reflexes to time intervals of different duration (from 1,5 to 4 min) integrated into a stereotype in monkeys (macaques and baboons). It has been shown that unlike rabbits, monkeys more readily form such systems and reproduce them more distinctly. The greater capacity of monkeys for complicate forms of orientation in time as compared with rabbits is more manifest in the elaboration of complex systems (five-interval in the present experiments) of conditioned reflexes to time.

Animals↗