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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Healthy worker effect in cohort studies on chronic bronchitis.

OBJECTIVES: Despite the recognition of selection biases arising from the healthy worker effect in occupational mortality studies, the possibility of similar effects in occupational cohort studies on respiratory symptoms is not well known. Two mechanisms are responsible for the healthy worker effect in respiratory cohort studies. One is health-based selection of workers into employment (healthy him effect), and the other is health-based differential losses to follow-up (healthy worker survivor effect). The aim of the present paper was to estimate the magnitude of the healthy worker survivor effect in cohort studies of symptoms of chronic bronchitis. METHODS: A meta-analysis of occupational cohort studies of symptoms of chronic bronchitis was performed that included published articles identified in searches of the Medline bibliographic databases between 1980 and March 2001 and the reference lists of the located articles. RESULTS: Eight cohort studies were identified using an a priori selection criterion. The pooled odds ratio of the prevalence of chronic bronchitis for subjects leaving the cohorts was 1.23 when these subjects were compared with those who remained under study (95% confidence interval 1.04-1A4). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among exposed workers may he underestimated if the healthy worker survivor effect is not taken into account

Bronchitis, Chronic↗
PubMed2000

Uncomplicated acute bronchitis.

Acute bronchitis is an acute cough illness in otherwise healthy adults that usually lasts 1 to 3 weeks. This review describes the pathophysiology of the condition and provides a practical approach to the evaluation and treatment of adults with uncomplicated acute bronchitis. Practical points to be made are:1. Respiratory viruses appear to cause the large majority of cases of uncomplicated acute bronchitis.2. Pertussis infection is present in up to 10% to 20% of adults with cough illness of more than 2 to 3 weeks' duration. No clinical features distinguish pertussis from nonpertussis infection in adults who were immunized against pertussis as children.3. Transient bronchial hyperresponsiveness appears to be the predominant mechanism of the bothersome cough of acute bronchitis.4. Ruling out pneumonia is the primary objective in evaluating adults with acute cough illness in whom comorbid conditions and occult asthma are absent or unlikely. In the absence of abnormalities in vital signs (heart rate > 100 beats/min, respiratory rate > 24 breaths/min, and oral body temperature > 38 degrees C), the likelihood of pneumonia is very low.5. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials do not support routine antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated acute bronchitis.6. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials have shown that inhaled albuterol decreases the duration of cough in adults with uncomplicated acute bronchitis.7. Intervention studies suggest that antibiotic treatment of acute bronchitis can be reduced by using a combination of patient and physician education. Decreased rates of antibiotic treatment are not associated with increased utilization, return visits, or dissatisfaction with care.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Controlled clinical trial of methylprednisolone in patients with chronic bronchitis and acute respiratory insufficiency.

To evaluate the role of corticosteroids as treatment for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 44 consecutive patients with chronic bronchitis and severe airflow obstruction. All were hospitalized with acute respiratory insufficiency from acute bronchitis. Patients with asthma, atopy, or pneumonia were excluded. Treatment consisted of intravenous aminophylline, inhaled isoproterenol, antibiotics, and either methylprednisolone, 0.5 mg/kg of body weight, or placebo every 6 h intravenously for 72 h. Bedside spirometry was done before and after bronchodilator inhalation three times daily. The methylprednisolone-treated group had a greater improvement in both prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P less than 0.001). More patients with large improvements in their prebronchodilator or postbronchodilator flow rates, or both (greater than or equal to 40% by 72 h), received methylprednisolone (P less than 0.01). Methylprednisolone improved airflow more than placebo when added to standard therapy in patients with chronic bronchitis and acute respiratory insufficiency.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronic obstructive bronchitis: definitions, risk factors and prevention (author's transl)].

Chronic obstructive bronchitis is defined as persistent diffuse airways obstruction frequently associated with chronic expectoration. This disease is particularly disabling and its medico-social burden implies that measures be taken. Risk factors of chronic obstructive bronchitis can be classified according to their presently known importance: tobacco, professional exposure, air pollution, viral and bacterial respiratory infections, poor socio-economic and cultural conditions, upper and lower airways infections during childhood, other environmental factors, genetic factors. Prevention needs that research be developed, in particular for factors, as hereditary ones, relations between childhood and adult respiratory diseases and characteristics of the "susceptible smokers". Knowledge of risk factors previously quoted allows to propose public-health actions. Firstly, true preventive action of general nature: fight against tobacco consumption, reduce atmospheric pollution, improve work and life conditions. Secondly, in order to prevent the disabling state of chronic bronchitis, it would be necessary to take care of patients at the initial state. A control trial is proposed to determine the level of symptoms and of reduction of ventilatory values at which an action is needed and the best "preventive therapeutical" protocol to be applied to these patients.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of protheo on pulmonary function and the change of its plasma concentration in patients with chronic asthmatic bronchitis].

OBJECTIVE: In order to study the effect of protheo on pulmonary function and the change of its plasma concentration in patients with chronic asthmatic bronchitis. METHOD: 31 patients with chronic asthmatic bronchitis were treated by taking protheo 400 mg once a day orally for 6 weeks. The pulmonary functions, including FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and PEFR, and the plasma concentrations of theophylline were measured respectively before and after the administration. RESULTS: The results showed that the pulmonary functions after the therapy were greatly improved compared with that before the therapy, even after the administration for two weeks. In the second, fourth, sixth week of the therapy, the plasma levels of theophylline after taking protheo for 4 hours and 12 hours were both within the effective concentration. CONCLUSION: Protheo is a kind of medicine with good effect, steady plasma concentration and less side effect for the patients with chronic asthmatic bronchitis.

Asthma↗
PubMed1999

[The treatment of chronic bronchitis caused by mineral and organic dust].

Stage I of chronic bronchitis due to occupational dust exposure is characterized by pathologic changes of distal pulmonary area without clinical obstruction--that evidence should be considered in occupational examinations and placement. Early and continuous rational therapy for chronic bronchitis patients, better work conditions led to lower occurrence of deteriorated chronic bronchitis with marked restrictive and obstructive changes.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Use of nebulizer in berodual treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis in exacerbation].

AIM: To study efficiency and safety of berodual in solution for inhalations delivered with the help of nebulizer in patients with exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (CB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 12 patients with chronic bronchitis who had not responded to oral methylxantines in combination with expectorants received berodual for 10 days (1 ml 3 times a day). RESULTS: In the course of berodual treatment all the CB symptoms relieved and external respiration function improved. CONCLUSION: Berodual is effective as monotherapy of chronic obstructive bronchitis.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2000

Clinical efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination--a prospective study in patients with longstanding emphysema and/or bronchitis.

In a prospective study the clinical effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination was evaluated over a 12 months period and compared to a respective analysis of respiratory tract infections in the same patient population. Of 65 enrolled patients with severe and longstanding emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis 52 patients completed the study. One year after vaccination with pneumococcal vaccine in its 23-valent form the incidence of bacterial bronchitis or pneumonia averaged 28 %. As compared to a 12 months period prior vaccination the rate of pneumonia but not of bronchitis was significantly reduced.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Role of bronchospasm in development of bronchial obstruction in chronic bronchitis].

AIM: To clarify the role of bronchospasm in impairment of bronchial permeability in chronic bronchitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lung capacity (LC), forced lung capacity (FLC), forced expiration volume for 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/LC%, peak volume rate (PVS), maximal volume expiration rate (MVER) at the level of 25, 50 and 75% of LC were measured in 62 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis before and after inhalation of 1 dose of berotec and 1 dose of atrovent. RESULTS: Bronchospasm was present in 42% of the patients, being the only cause of obstruction in 5% of patients. Other reasons added in 37%. Bronchospasm contribution to obstruction reached 21-40, 41-80, 81-100% in 5, 10 and 27% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: An important role of bronchospasm in development of bronchial obstruction in chronic bronchitis is proved.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2001

[Levels of CC-chemokine (MCP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta) in induced sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and patients with chronic bronchitis].

BACKGROUND: MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are CC-chemokines, which act as chemoattractants for inflammatory cells like macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils. These cells are known to be important for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis (CB). METHODS: Sputum was obtained from 14 patients with COPD, 12 patients with CB and 14 healthy persons by means of the sputum induction method. The MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta levels were measured in induced sputum via ELISA method. RESULTS: MIP-1 alpha levels in sputum were significantly higher in CB patients compared to healthy persons (p = 0.01). Median and (range) were following: CB patients--22.7 pg/ml (9.2-95.9 pg/ml), control subjects--17.5 pg/ml (0-27.1 pg/ml). The MIP-1 beta levels in sputum were significantly higher in COPD patients compared to healthy persons (p = = 0.003). Median and (range) were following: COPD patients--173.2 pg/ml (30.6-1880 pg/ml), control subjects--19.0 pg/ml (0-570.5 pg/ml). No significant differences were detected among studied groups for MCP-1 levels in induced sputum. There was positive correlation in CB group between levels of MIP-1 beta and number of eosinophils in gram of sputum (r = 0.81 and p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MIP-1 alpha maybe important for development of chronic bronchitis and MIP-1 beta for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MIP-1 beta is probably a chemoattractant for eosinophils in patients with chronic bronchitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Study on the pathological features of airway inflammation in asthma and chronic bronchitis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the difference between the pathological features of asthma and chronic bronchitis on airway inflammation, then to provide pathomorphological basis for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of these two different entities. METHOD: To compare the pathological changes of airways from 14 asthmatic and 13 chronic bronchitic patients. RESULT: There were damaging lesions shown on tracheo-bronchial epithelium of asthmatic and chronic bronchitic patients; various inflammatory cells and structural pathological changes occurred in submucosa. The numbers of eosinophilic cells and mast cells in asthmatic group were higher than those of chronic bronchitic group (P < 0.01). Thickness of basement membrane in early stage (P < 0.05) and thickness of smooth muscle were characteristic pathological changes for asthmatic group. Degranulation phenomenon of mast cells was found in asthmatic group. The pathological features of airway mucosa of chronic bronchitic group were different: eosinophilic cells < 1.2/HP and mast cells < 1/HP; no degranulation of mast cells was observed under electronmicroscopy. CONCLUSION: Both asthma and chronic bronchitis (including chronic asthmatic bronchitis) are chronic airway inflammatory illnesses, but obvious pathomorphological difference was found in their airway mucosa. These are two different diseases and the reasons for causing airflow obstruction are also different.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Antioxidant effect of laser irradiation in chronic bronchitis].

The levels of medium-weight molecules and the parameters of lipid peroxidation (antioxidative defence) were studied in 64 patients with chronic bronchitis (33 with chronic pyoobstructive bronchitis and 31 with nonobstructive bronchitis). There was a substantial increase in the concentrations of lipid peroxides, malonic dialdehyde, and medium-weight molecules in the blood and a considerable decrease in its levels of vitamin E and the enzyme catalase. To correct the above disorders, the author used the conventional therapy alone or in combination with endobronchial laser radiation. The results of treatment, which were assessed by the end of 3rd and 6th weeks of its initiation, only does a combination of traditional therapy and laser radiation provides a balance of the lipid peroxidation balance--antioxidative defence followed by its stabilization by the end of week 6 of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The efficacy of moxifloxacin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a Spanish physician and patient experience.

Chronic bronchitis is a debilitating disease affecting many millions of patients globally. They suffer multiple acute exacerbations each year, often requiring many courses of antimicrobials to enable them to return to normal. The impact of the condition on both the individual patient and society as a whole is considerable and growing; thus antimicrobial therapy should induce rapid and effective outcomes as soon as possible. This open, community-based study of 5737 patients enrolled by over 2000 primary care physicians from across Spain examined the clinical effect of oral moxifloxacin on patients' signs and symptoms of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) over a 45-day period. The symptoms were assessed using daily diary cards in addition to physician evaluations. Clinical assessment at day 7 showed 93.0% of patients were cured. The patient diary card showed that two-thirds of patients felt better by day 3 or 4. Adverse events were reported in 3.5% of patients in this study, the most common being diarrhoea, nausea and dizziness, and epigastric pain. These reactions were mild to moderate in intensity. There were no patient deaths due to infection during the study. Physicians and patients reported that once-daily moxifloxacin gave fast relief of symptoms of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Heat shock proteins mRNA expressions by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in asthma and chronic bronchitis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the manifestations that heat shock proteins(HSPs) possess in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic bronchitis. METHODS: Using reverse transcription-DNA polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we investigated the expression levels of HSP70, HSP90 alpha and HSP90 beta genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) at natural state and after heat shock in 14 healthy volunteers, 21 patients with asthma and 18 patients with chronic bronchitis. RESULTS: No HSP70 gene but HSP90 alpha and HSP90 beta expressions were found in non-heat-shocked PBMC of normal control; HSP90 alpha and HSP90 beta genes may be expressed in PBMC of patients no matter whether they were in acute episode or not. Expression of HSP70 was found in PBMC of patients in acute episodes and of three symptoms-free patients with Aas 3, step 2. No expression of HSP70 gene was found in PBMC of patients in convalescent period but in PBMC of patients in acute episode. HSP90 alpha and HSP90 beta genes were expressed in PBMC of the two patients groups; After heat shock, expressions of the three genes increased in amount significantly in PBMC of all normal controls and patients. CONCLUSION: Expression of HSP70 gene in PBMC of asthmatic patients and chronic bronchitis was different, indicating that HSPs, especially HSP70 might be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of Angelica sinensis injection on CD11c and CD14 expression in alveolar macrophage membrane of chronic bronchitis patients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Angelica sinensis injection (ASI) in CD11c and CD14 expression in alveolar macrophage (AM) membrane of chronic bronchitis patients. METHODS: AM from 10 chronic bronchitis patients (remmision stage) and 10 healthy subjects was obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. After had cultured for 24 hours with ASI or/and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CD11c and CD14 expression and intracellular calcium ion concentration in AM were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: CD11c and CD14 expression levels of patients' AM membrane (n = 10) were (39.17 +/- 5.56)% and (35.73 +/- 8.05)% respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control [n = 10, (16.29 +/- 3.78)% and (15.26 +/- 5.96)%], P < 0.05. LPS could increase the elevation of CD11c expression of patients [(47.25 +/- 7.00)%, P < 0.05], while ASI could reduce the increment [LPS Plus ASI group (27.61 +/- 8.64)%, P < 0.05]. The basic calcium level of AM cytoplasma of patients was (189.47 +/- 23.69) nmol/L (n = 7), which was higher than that of healthy control (99.65 +/- 32.21) nmol/L (n = 6), P < 0.05. The intracellular calcium ion elevation in AM of patients could be induced by LPS, and ASI could inhibit the elevation. The calcium level in LPS group was (288.47 +/- 43.68) nmol/L, in ASI Plus LPS group, (236.68 +/- 28.60) nmol/L, P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: ASI could reduce the CD11c expression in AM of chronic bronchitis patients by inhibiting LPS induced intracellular calcium ion elevation in AM, suggesting that ASI may inhibit non-specific inflammation of respiratory tract.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with chronic bronchitis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with chronic bronchitis in following-up 8 years. METHODS: The baseline survey of the study was carried out on 1,999 patients with chronic bronchitis screened out from 67,251(15 years or more) rural people in 1992. In 2000, 1,114 patients were reexamined by simple random sampling method. RESULTS: 869 (78.0% of 1,114) with complete data entered analysis of this study. Smoking, and family history of COPD were associated significantly positively with the decrement per capita yearly of FEV1(forced expiratory volume in the first second) and/or FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio. Ex-smoking decreased the decrement of lung function in smokers. The accumulative incidence of COPD was associated positively with smoking and family history of COPD and negatively with baseline FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. The relative risk of COPD was not significantly different between non-smokers and ex-smokers. CONCLUSION: For Chinese rural patients with chronic bronchitis, aging, smoking, family history of COPD, lower pulmonary function are independent risk factors of COPD while sex is not one. Ex-smoking can almost decrease the relative risk of COPD to the approximative risk level of non-smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Bronchitis and emphysem: which is the primary condition? (author's transl)].

Chronic obstructive lung disease conprises 2 groups of diseases which have a different pathogenesis and require different therapy: 1. Chronic bronchitis with secondary emphysema. 2. Primary emphysema complicated by bronchitis. A differentiation between these 2 groups of patients is possible on the basis of lung function tests except in patients with complications, in whom long-term observation is required for clarification of the diagnosis. Separation of these conditions is also of importance in epidemiological studies of chronic bronchitis.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1975

[Significance of the acetylcholin-test in screening and evaluation of recurrent and chronic bronchitis (author's transl)].

156 healthy persons, 198 patients with recurrent bronchitis and 112 patients with chronic bronchitis showed different reaction to the acetylcholin test. Frequency of cough-reaction (bronchosensorial hyperreactivity) was high-significant lower in healthy persons (17,3%) than in patients with recurrent (30,8%) or chronic bronchitis (54,5%). Frequency of obstructive reaction (bronchomotorial hyperreactivity) was less but still significant different in these 3 groups (32,7%; 39,4%; 52,7%). The author proposes to pay more attention to acetylcholin-cough-test.

Acetylcholine↗