Haematogenous clavicular osteomyelitis caused by Bacteroides fragilis.
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Adult↗
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Results for “BACTEROIDES INFECTIONS”
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Bacteriological study of otogenic cerebral abscesses: chemotherapeutic role of metronidazole.
In nine consecutive patients with otogenic cerebral abscesses a mixed growth of aerobic and obligate anaerobic bacteria was isolated from the pus in five patients, and in the remaining four obligate anaerobes were the sole isolates. The commonest obligate anaerobe isolated was Bacteroides fragilis, which was present in all but one patient. The patients were all treated with metronidazole for the anaerobic organisms and with appropriate chemotherapy against the aerobic organisms isolated. All the patients recovered and only one was left with a neurological deficit. As otogenic cerebral abscesses constitute a major proportion of all cerebral abscesses, the use of metronidazole against obligate anaerobic bacteria, which tend to dominate in such abscesses, should reduce the high mortality from this condition.
Adolescent↗
Psoas abscess: unusual complication of effective chemotherapy for teratoma.
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Abscess↗
Detection of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides melaninogenicus by direct immunofluorescence.
A new diagnostic kit, which contains a polyvalent antiserum for either Bacteroides fragilis or Bacteroides melaninogenicus, was tested for reliability and specificity on 146 clinical samples of different origin. A correlation between the culture and immunofluorescence was observed for B. fragilis in 87.39% of cases and for B. melaninogenicus in 81.48% of cases. When pure cultures were tested, aerobically as well as anaerobically, false-positive reactions were observed with staphylococci and Clostridium ramosum spores. The well-defined morphology of these bacteria and spores allows for the elimination of any diagnostic error. The method is rapid, and the margin for error is limited. The test gives a semiquantitative idea of the number of bacteroides organisms present in the clinical specimens even in the presence of a mixed flora.
Antibody Specificity↗
Bacteraemia due to a rifampicin-resistant strain of Bacteroides fragilis.
A strain of Bacteroides fragilis with high-level chromosomal resistance to rifampicin was isolated by blood culture from a patient with bacteraemia after gastrointestinal surgery. He had been receiving antituberculous therapy with rifampicin for nine months. This resistance led to some difficulty in the recognition and identification of the isolate by methods that depended upon antibiotic sensitivity patterns.
Adult↗
The late effect of grenade fragments.
Following the explosion of a grenade or shell, the victim may be peppered with literally hundreds of pieces of metal. Troublesome fragments which perforate a major viscus may be removed but others are often left behind, as it is felt (usually correctly) that these fragments will cause no harm. We describe a case in which a grenade fragment received 16 years previously pierced the large bowel. A psoas abscess developed which was located by ultrasound. Pus was aspirated under ultrasound control and the lesion was successfully treated by antibiotics.
Abscess↗
Treatment and outcome of a severe form of foul-in-the-foot.
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Animals↗
Isolation of marine bacteria with antiviral properties.
We report in this study the isolation of marine bacteria with antiviral properties that have been tentatively classified as Moraxella. These bacteria retained their virucidal capacity after prolonged subcultivation in the laboratory. The virus-inactivating agent could not be separated from the viable marine bacteria, indicating that the active agent(s) either remains associated to the microorganisms or has a very short lifetime, or both. The antiviral capacity of the isolated microorganisms was highly specific for poliovirus. No virucidal effect was observed against other strains of enteroviruses, such as Coxsackie and ECHO virus, rotavirus SA11, or bacteriophages proposed as indicators of the virological quality of water, such as coliphage f2 and bacteriophage B40-8, which infects Bacteroides fragilis.
Bacteria↗
The role of anaerobic bacteria in abscess formation.
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Abdomen↗
Transvaginal pelvic abscess drainage with US guidance.
Transvaginal catheter drainage of pelvic and intraabdominal abscesses with the use of real-time ultrasound guidance is described. The technique was successfully used in two patients to drain abscesses in the cul-de-sac. Transvaginal drainage is a safe, simple alternative to transabdominal, transgluteal, and transrectal drainage of these abscesses.
Abscess↗
Animal model for chronic-abscess-forming peritonitis: histology and microbiology.
Clinical experience gives evidence of the increasing importance of chronic-abscess-forming peritonitis with a general physical impairment in spite of a well-controlled abdominal situation. The number of unsolved problems led us to develop a standardized and reproducible experimental animal model, using Wistar rats. We induced peritonitis by intraperitoneal injection of a mixture containing a capsulated strain of Bacteroides fragilis and DEV agar. The histologic changes in the parietal and visceral peritoneum, lymphnodes and liver were recorded in the course of the disease. The data largely correlate with those recorded in human peritonitis. Bacteriologic examinations gave evidence of bacteria passing through the intestinal wall into the abdomen. This is the first model for peritonitis which is defined by its histological and bacteriological course. It enables one to examine pathophysiological problems and the consequences of harm and stress for the course of the disease.
Abscess↗
Infection with clindamycin-resistant bacteroides uniformis.
We report a case of osteomyelitis due to a strain of Bacteroides uniformis highly resistant to clindamycin. The patient failed to respond to intravenous clindamycin therapy and eventually required amputation. This is the first documented occurrence of high-level clindamycin resistance in a clinical isolate of B. uniformis.
Amputation, Surgical↗
"Bad breath": presenting manifestation of anaerobic pulmonary infection.
Three patients are described in whom a putrid breath odor was the only or fist manifestation of anaerobic infection of the lung. Fever, productive cough, and pleuritic pain, common findings in anaerobic pulmonary infection, were not initally present. "Bad breath" may be an early due to the presence of anaerobic pulmonary infection.
Adult↗
Evidence for T cell-dependent immunity to Bacteroides fragilis in an intraabdominal abscess model.
It has been shown that active immunization of rats with the capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis protects these animals against abscess development following intraperitoneal challenge with this species. Passive transfer of hyperimmune globulin from immunized animals to nonimmune recipients provided protection against B. fragilis bacteremia in challenged animals, but did not confer protection against abscess development. On the other hand, adoptive transfer of spleen cells from immunized animals to nonimmunized recipients resulted in protection against abscesses following challenge with B. fragilis. These data suggested that a T cell-dependent immune response was involved in protection against abscess development after immunization with B. fragilis capsular antigen. To determine the possible role of cell-mediated immunity prompted by the capsular antigen, inbred congenitally athymic OLA/Rnu rats and their phenotypically normal littermates were actively immunized. Despite the development of high titers of anti-B. fragilis capsular antibody, 100% of actively immunized athymic rats developed abscesses, as did 100% of unimmunized athymic control rats. However, no phenotypically normal littermate control rats that were actively immunized developed abscesses, while 100% of phenotypically normal unimmunized rats developed abscesses. Additional studies showed that adoptive transfer of T cell-enriched spleen cell preparations from Wistar/Lewis rats immunized with the capsular polysaccharide to nonimmune recipients also resulted in protection against B. fragilis-induced abscesses. We conclude that the protection afforded by immunization with B. fragilis capsule against intraabdominal abscesses caused by that organism is T cell-mediated and does not require the presence of serum antibody.
Abscess↗
A soluble suppressor T cell factor protects against experimental intraabdominal abscesses.
This paper describes a suppressor T cell factor which protects mice against intraabdominal abscesses caused by Bacteroides fragilis. This soluble cell-free factor (ITF) is derived from splenic T cells from mice immunized with capsular polysaccharide (CP) of B. fragilis. Mice receiving ITF are protected from developing abscesses caused by B. fragilis to the same degree as animals receiving intact immune splenic T cells. The factor appears to be small in molecular size as protective activity is dialyzable through a 12,000-mol wt exclusion dialysis membrane and is present in fractions intermediate between the bed and void volumes of a P2 Biogel column. The protective effect of ITF is antigen-specific to B. fragilis alone. Mice given a complex inoculum of B. fragilis, enterococcus, and another anaerobe develop abscesses even after receiving column-purified ITF. The activity of ITF also is eliminated after adsorption with B. fragilis CP coupled to sheep erythrocytes but not with an unrelated CP coupled to sheep erythrocytes. ITF, therefore, appears to have a binding site for B. fragilis CP. ITF is heat-labile and loses efficacy after protease digestion, suggesting that the active material is a protein. These studies define a suppressor cell factor with activity in a model system resembling human disease and offer promise for increased understanding of the diversity of cell-mediated immune systems.
Abdomen↗
Polysaccharide-mediated protection against abscess formation in experimental intra-abdominal sepsis.
Abscess formation is a major complication of intra-abdominal sepsis that causes significant morbidity and mortality. In such cases, Bacteroides fragilis is the predominant anaerobic isolate. In a rat model of intra-abdominal sepsis, the capsular polysaccharide complex (CPC) from B. fragilis promotes abscess formation and when administered sub-cutaneously, protects against this host response by a T cell-dependent immune mechanism. In the present study, the polysaccharide A (PS A) component of CPC protected animals against challenge with live heterologous bacterial species (mixtures of anaerobes and facultative organisms) that are most commonly isolated from intra-abdominal abscesses in humans. Protection against heterologous bacterial challenge was transferred by T cells. Administration of PS A shortly before or even after challenge with B. fragilis protected against this host response. In experiments designed to simulate fecal contamination of the human peritoneal cavity, PS A protected animals against abscess formation induced by a rat cecal contents inoculum. The surprisingly broad protective activity of PS A indicates that this molecule is likely suppressing a nonspecific host tissue reaction that forms in response to a variety of abscess-inducing organisms and that it might be useful in preventing abscess formation associated with intra-abdominal sepsis in the clinical setting.
Abdominal Abscess↗
Osteomyelitis and bacteremia caused by Bacteroides fragilis: a complication of fetal monitoring.
A neonate monitored with scalp electrodes during delivery presented with a scalp abscess, osteomyelitis and bacteremia. Bacteroides fragilis was recovered from the blood culture, and polymicrobial aerobic and anaerobic flora were isolated from the aspirated purulent material. Attention should be paid to the possibility of such complications in infants requiring fetal monitoring.
Abscess↗
Multicentre study of 'Flagyl' in the prevention of post-operative anaerobic infection.
In a study carried out with 565 patients undergoing gynaecological and general surgical procedures, metronidazole ('Flagyl') was used pre- and post-operatively and the incidence of post-operative infection, particularly that due to anaerobic organisms, was recorded. This was not a controlled study but, by comparison with other series, it would appear that the use of oral metronidazole had substantially reduced the likelihood of supervention of anaerobic sepsis. It is probable that the use of intravenous metronidazole therapy would have reduced the incidence of anaerobic sepsis still further had this preparation been available at the time.
Aged↗