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PubMedDate not supplied

From a forester's boy to a university professor.

Austrian ophthalmologist, Dr. Karl B. Hruby, is well known for his present lens, which allows slit-lamp examination of the vitreous and fundus. He is also known as one of the first to use microsurgical methods for intraocular operations and scleral buckling for retinal detachments. In this memoir, Dr. Hruby shares the fascinating personal account of his experiences as a prisoner and physician during World War II, and as an outstanding teacher and clinician thereafter. The article is followed by the editorial comment of Dr. Fred Blodi, who invited Dr. Hruby to contribute this article.

Austria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Could do better: a curious clinician looks back--and forward.

A recently retired Scottish academic originally chose ophthalmology by a process of exclusion. Basic training in Glasgow and London was followed by "permanent" consultant appointments in Bristol, with a year as retina fellow at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, then London, then chairborne in Manchester and Edinburgh. Many opportunities for advances in ophthalmology were missed, but there were some successes: beta-blockers and steroid blockers in glaucoma, and gene mapping of one X-linked retinitis pigmentosa gene. Hypothesis-making is advocated by regarding no situation as static or sacrosanct, maintaining wide interests and collaborating with basic scientists.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1996

Bilateral ECT and autobiographical memory of subjective experiences related to melancholia: a pilot study.

The aim of this pilot study was to systematically assess the influence of bilateral, sine wave ECT on autobiographical memory of past subjective experiences related to melancholia. Twenty-one inpatients who met DSM-III-R criteria for a Major Depressive Episode, Melancholic Type, were included in the study. Twelve patients were treated by ECT (12 treatments), antidepressants and benzodiazepines; the comparison group comprised 9 patients treated by antidepressants and benzodiazepines. The Structured Interview Guide for the HDRS (SIGH-D) was used at admission and after the ECT treatment to standardize data collection about subjective experiences related to the depressive episode. Memory of subjective experiences related to melancholia was assessed with free-recall, cued-recall and recognition tasks. In addition, a free recall of events of the day on which the patients came to the hospital for their treatment was administered. These tasks were administered 1 week after the last treatment in the ECT-treated group and 4 to 6 weeks after the beginning of the treatment in the comparison group. Free-recall, cued-recall and recognition performances were significantly lower in the ECT-treated group than in the comparison group. No significant correlation was found between memory of events related to hospital admission and memory of subjective experiences related to depression. In conclusion, bilateral, sine wave ECT impairs autobiographical memory of subjective experiences related to melancholia in subjects tested 1 week after completion of a course of ECT.

Amitriptyline↗