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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Addressing the need of elderly hospitalized patients for conservatorship: a systems approach.

As the need for effective, timely discharge planning increases, new methods are needed to deal with the problems encountered in petitioning for conservatorship and their impact upon discharge planning and length of stay. The role of social work in the resolution of these problems is often poorly defined. This paper reports on the efforts of social workers to modify two systems. On the first level, impediments inherent in the state system were addressed. On the second, the hospital's social work department played the primary role in developing the institution's system for obtaining conservatorship for patients unable to plan on their own behalf.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Addressing barriers to community care of battered women in rural environments: creating a policy of social inclusion.

Given domestic violence continues to be a serious social problem, recently acknowledged as a national public health epidemic as well, the need to examine existing formal helping services and address the barriers to service utilization among battered women is warranted. Social exclusion is the process by which multi-dimensionally disadvantaged individuals are prohibited from obtaining formal helping services. Although not a policy per se, many community helpers and organizations inadvertently contribute to erecting barriers which exclude battered women from using such services, particularly in rural environments. Suggestions to transform a process of social exclusion to social inclusion for battered women is offered.

Battered Women↗
PubMed2002

Addressing students' social and emotional needs: the role of mental health teams in schools.

Children in today's society face many stresses from a variety of sources that have a major impact on thier psychosocial adjustment and academic performance in school. These stressful events and thier consequences on the quality of life and academic success are particularly significant among low-income and ethnic minority students in American society. Many schools have adopted strategies to help students who are impacted by stressful life events to deal affectively with their problems in an attempt to reduce school failure and school dropout rates among these students. Most notable among these strategies are school-based mental health programs including the establishment of school-based mental health teams which seek to proactively address individual student concerns while improving the general climate of schools. The evidence seems to support the claim that these school-based services have a positive impact on students' social and emotional well-being as well as on their academic achievements. However, with more careful monitoring and much more consistent support from administrators and policy makers, these school-based approaches can more fully realize their potential to enhance the quality of life and to positively impact the future of many poor and ethnic minority students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A case for addressing cigarette use in methadone and other opioid treatment programs.

Most persons attending drug treatment smoke cigarettes. They will eventually experience predictable, but devastatingly high, tobacco-related mortality. Recent studies indicate that many clients are ready to quit smoking and that quitting does not threaten progress made in treatment. Methadone and other opioid treatment providers are in an excellent position to address tobacco use among their clients. The present paper describes the prevalence of smoking among methadone clients, reviews promising interventions, and describes how programs can implement a systematic approach to smoking cessation that includes creating a cue system for identifying smokers, providing brief on-site intervention, and arranging follow-up or more intensive treatment.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aliens in the promised land? Keynote address for the 1986 National Gathering of the United Church of Christ's Coalition for Lesbian/Gay Concerns.

The following article is a condensed version of the keynote address given at the 1986 National Gathering of the Lesbian/Gay Coalition of the United Church of Christ (UCC). Problems encountered by lesbians and gay men in organized religion, especially within the liberal tradition, are identified by a method of inquiry developed by Christian educator John Westerhoff for assessing egalitarianism within institutions. The story of Queen Vashti from the Book of Esther in Hebrew scripture, and the emerging tradition of coming-out experiences by lesbians and gay men; provide the norm and model for declaring independence from denominations that neglect the concerns of lesbians and gay men and for constructing religious alternatives.

Bible↗
PubMed1998

Addressing the health information needs of rural Missouri health care providers: an IAIMS assistant experience.

A one-year internship at the University of Missouri-Columbia offered an opportunity for a health sciences librarian to contribute to Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems (IAIMS) activities and take information management ideas back home. The IAIMS Assistant addressed information access issues. The Assistant helped to develop and administer a "Rural Provider Questionnaire" to assess the information needs of rural Missouri health care providers. The Health Sciences Library developed a Web page to bring together services and information resources in response to the perceived needs of health care providers associated with the Health Sciences Center. The article discusses the librarians' role in IAIMS initiatives.

Community Networks↗
PubMed2001

Addressing the needs of adolescent children when a parent becomes aphasic: one family's experiences.

There are several reports of the psychosocial effects of aphasia on family members and of factors that may influence a family's emotional adjustment. Most of these, however, have included only spouses or the adult children of individuals with aphasia. Therefore, to address how children of adolescent age or younger react to and cope with parental aphasia, this article provides an account of one family's experiences with stroke and aphasia. Specifically, the impact of a father's aphasia on his adolescent daughter as well as how the parents attempted to help their daughter adjust during acute and chronic recovery phases are described.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

The role of faith-based institutions in addressing health disparities: a case study of an initiative in the southwest Bronx.

Although many public health initiatives have been implemented through collaborations with faith-based institutions, little is known about best practices for developing such programs. Using a community-based participatory approach, this case study examines the implementation of an initiative in the Bronx, New York, that is designed to educate community members about health promotion and disease management and to mobilize church members to seek equal access to health care services. The study used qualitative methods, including the collaborative development of a logic model for the initiative, focus groups, interviews, analysis of program reports, and participant observation. The paper examines three key aspects of the initiative's implementation: (1) the engagement of the church leadership; (2) the use of church structures as venues for education and intervention; and (3) changes in church policies. Key findings include the importance of pre-existing relationships within the community and the prominent agenda-setting role played by key pastors, and the strength of the Coalition's dual focus on health behaviors and health disparities. Given the churches' demonstrated ability to pull people together, to motivate and to inspire, there is great potential for faith-based interventions, and models developed through such interventions, to address health disparities.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed2006

Addressing disparities through coalition building: Alabama REACH 2010 lessons learned.

Community-based coalitions have become accepted vehicles for addressing complex health problems. Few articles have described the challenges and lessons learned from such a process. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: 1) to describe the processes involved in building and maintaining the REACH 2010 Alabama Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Coalition (ABCCCC) and 2) to highlight the lessons learned from this venture. Principles from community-based participatory research were used 1) to establish and maintain the ABCCCC, 2) to build coalition capacity, and 3) to develop breast and cervical cancer interventions. Over 95% of our coalition has been maintained over a 7-year period. The ABCCCC received a total of 17 breast and cervical cancer mini-grants. Adherence to ground rules such as exhibiting respect and trust and practicing open communication helped to solidify our partnership. Lessons learned from the ABCCCC can provide others with an in-depth exploration of the processes involved in coalition formation and maintenance.

Alabama↗
PubMed2006

Resolution in optically addressed spatial light modulators based on dye-doped liquid crystals.

Dye-doped nematic liquid crystals (LCs) are studied as materials for single-layer optically addressed spatial light modulators. The dopant is 2,5-azo-substituted anthraquinone (ASAQ) dye. The resolution in the ASAQ-doped LC systems does not depend on the device thickness (in the 5-125 microm range). The efficiency increases with the increase of the thickness and begins to saturate in devices thicker than 40 microm. The limiting resolution in the thick devices is 400 line pairs per millimeter. The limitations of performance (efficiency and resolution) in the studied systems are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Analytical techniques for addressing forward and inverse problems of light scattering by irregularly shaped particles.

Understanding light scattering by nonspherical particles is crucial in modeling the transport of light in realistic structures such as biological tissues. We report the application of novel analytical approaches based on modified Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin and equiphase-sphere methods that facilitate accurate characterization of light scattering by a wide range of irregularly shaped dielectric particles. We also demonstrate that these approaches have the potential to address the inverse-scattering problem by means of a spectral analysis of the total scattering cross section of arbitrarily shaped particles.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Line-addressable digital-deflection programmable micromirror array.

We report a novel digital-deflection programmable micromirror array driven by micromechanical digital-to-analog converters that eliminates the need for electrical digital-to-analog converters for analog displacement control, thus simplifying the driving circuitry and reducing the overall system cost. Furthermore, owing to the bistable and hysteretic characteristics of parallel-plate electrostatic actuators, an array of micromirrors can be controlled by means of row- and column-addressing lines, which drastically reduce the number of routing wires and allow array sizes to increase while they maintain high array quality.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Multistate polarization addressing using a single beam in an azo polymer film.

Peculiar light-matter interactions can break the rule that a single beam polarization can address only two states in an optical memory device. Multistate storage of a single beam polarization is achieved using self-induced surface diffraction gratings in a photoactive polymer material. The grating orientation follows the incident light beam's polarization direction. The permanent self-induced surface relief grating can be read out in real time using the same laser beam.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Modifying managed competition to address cost and quality.

California's health care marketplace is undergoing rapid transformation--from one characterized by aggressive but unregulated competition to one that approximates managed competition. The Pacific Business Group on Health purchases health insurance for large employers; the California Public Employees Retirement System acts as a purchasing pool for both state workers and smaller public employers; and The Health Insurance Plan of California is a pool for small employers. Each focuses on price-conscious competition among health maintenance organizations. These large purchasing cooperatives also are addressing biased selection among the health plans they offer. Initially focused on simple demographic adjustments, risk adjustment now also entails adjustment for high-risk cases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and liver transplants. These purchasers also devote more detailed attention to the quality and process of care.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Addressing the nurse shortage to improve the quality of patient care.

Nurses are the largest group of health care professionals providing direct patient care in hospitals, and the quality of care for hospital patients is strongly linked to the performance of nursing staff, according to an Institute of Medicine report. This paper describes the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's (RWJF's) work in nursing, which focuses on improving the hospital work environment to attract and retain high-quality nursing staff, with the ultimate goal of improving patient care and outcomes in hospitals. Other organizations' efforts to address the nurse shortage are also explored.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Addressing resource allocation issues in recommendations from clinical practice guideline panels: suggestions from an American College of Chest Physicians task force.

Most panels that develop clinical practice guidelines are poorly equipped to address resource allocation or cost issues associated with management options. This risks neglect, arbitrariness, lack of transparency, and methodological flaws in consideration of resource allocation. We provide recommendations for guideline panels to promote greater transparency and rigor. We suggest focusing on resource allocation issues for only a limited number of recommendations and provide criteria for selecting those in which economic considerations are likely to influence the direction or strength of the recommendation. Panels should involve a health economist to assist with the systematic review and critical interpretation of relevant economic analyses. They should carefully define the intended audience and may consider issuing alternative recommendations when available resources vary widely across target clinical settings. Targeting a limited number of recommendations for the consideration of resource allocation issues, and ensuring methodologically high-quality review, will best serve guideline panels, and the health-care providers and patients they hope to assist.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed2001

Medical school curricula do not address obesity as a disease.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and its associated comorbidities have become an epidemic. However, medical school curricula do not address obesity as a disease. We undertook this study to assess medical students' knowledge about obesity before and after exposure to bariatric surgery. METHODS: A 10-item questionnaire that assesses knowledge of etiology, comorbidities, diagnosis, and management of obesity was mailed to all 201 2nd and 3rd year medical students enrolled in USF between 1999-2000. Data are mean +/- sem. Means were compared using t-test; p < or = 0.05 was significant. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 80%. The 3rd yr students who rotated on bariatric surgery (n = 24) answered correctly more questions than 55 students who did not rotate (90 +/- 2% vs 79 +/- 2%, p = 0.048). These differences were mainly noted in questions related to clinical management of obesity (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences among responses from 2nd yr students (n = 81) and the subset of 3rd yr students (n = 55) who did not rotate through bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students' knowledge about obesity is significantly improved by rotation on a bariatric surgery program and not during rotations on other clinical disciplines. Medical school curricula should be changed to reflect the growing epidemic of obesity and enhance students' knowledge about obesity as a disease.

Clinical Clerkship↗