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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Aberrations of normal development and involution (ANDI): a new perspective on pathogenesis and nomenclature of benign breast disorders.

A framework for understanding and management of benign breast disorders is presented, based on the notion that most breast complaints can be explained as minor aberrations of the normal processes of development, cyclical change, and involution. The generic term ANDI (aberrations of normal development and involution) is introduced to allow breast problems to be placed within an overall framework of pathogenesis; this concept also permits more detailed individual assessment with respect to normality and disease. Fibrocystic disease and its synonyms are discarded in favour of terms that are strictly descriptive of the clinical and/or histological picture.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1982

Self-detection of a breast mass in adolescent females.

The frequency of self-discovered breast masses in adolescent females has not previously been described. The histologic diagnosis rather than the means of detection has been the focus of previous surveys. Seven characteristics of 95 patients admitted from 1968-1979 for the evaluation of a breast mass were delineated. The mean age at hospitalization was 15.9 years (range 12-20). The delay from detection to hospitalization was 7.2 months (range 0.5-72). In 77 cases the mass was detected by the patient; 11 were found during a physician examination, 4 by a family member, and 3 by an unrecorded source. Diagnoses were fibroadenoma (71), abscess (11), cyst (9), lipoma (2), and cystosarcoma phyllodes (2). The median length of the masses was 2.6 cm, width 2.3 cm, with a median mass area (diameter x length) of 6 cm2. When patients were compared for age, delay in hospitalization, means of detection, family history, and mass size, the girls with abscesses were younger and had a shorter time delay before hospitalization. Self-discovery was the means of detection in 77 of 95 (81%). The means of detection is an important factor to consider in weighing the merits of teaching breast self-examination procedures to adolescent females.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Breast masses in adolescent females.

Conservative management of breast masses in adolescents is generally advocated in consideration of the low incidence of breast cancer. A retrospective chart review of 130 female patients seen in a general adolescent clinic over a two-year period was performed. The mean age was 17.5 years (range 12-21). One hundred and seven (88% of available data) had self-discovered lesions. Fibrocystic disease was clinically diagnosed in 66 (51%) patients, while 19 (15%) had fibroadenomas and 17 (13%) had a normal breast examination. Of the remaining patients, six (5%) had mastalgia, five (4%) had mastitis/abscess, three (2%) has asymmetry, three (2%) had hypertrophy, two (1%) had breast changes of early pregnancy, two (1%) had hematoma, one (1%) had axillary lymphadenopathy, and six (5%) had unknown. Excisional biopsy was performed on eleven patients; it revealed fibroadenoma in eight, and one each had a hematoma, granular cell myoblastoma, and breast abscess. Improvement or complete resolution of breast masses was documented in 31 (47%) of the patients with fibrocystic disease.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1982

Characteristic echographic features of circumscribed cancer.

Of 964 amputated breast cancers which had been examined preoperatively by ultrasound and mammography, 147 breast (17.0%) contained macroscopically circumscribed tumors and 596 cases (69.0%) showed infiltrative tumors on examination of the cut surface. It is well known that infiltrative types of cancer show ultrasonic images that usually possess clear cut signs of malignancy, such as jagged augmented boundary echoes and acoustic shadows. On the other hand, circumscribed types of cancer do not usually show such signs, but exhibit lobulated shapes and strong, coarse and non-uniform internal echoes. These latter features are intermediate between those of infiltrative cancers and those of solid benign tumors. As such circumscribed cancers are often difficult to diagnose correctly by ultrasonic techniques. The diagnostic accuracy rates by ultrasound were 88.0% in the infiltrative types and 69.4% in the circumscribed types. The ultrasonic pictures of the 147 cases of such circumscribed tumors are classified and discussed.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1978

Search for disease-related cytotoxicity in mammary tumor patients.

Blood lymphocytes from benign and malignant mammary tumor patients ahd healthy blood donors were tested for cytotoxicity against monolayer cell lines, including two which were derived from breast carcinomas. Generally, the T subset was not cytotoxic, and if so this was not restricted to the relevant cell lines. In accordance with previous results 'null' cells were most efficient in the seemingly non-selective cytotoxicity.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1990

Antigenic profile of mammary fibroadenoma and cystosarcoma phyllodes. A study using antibodies to estrogen- and progesterone receptors and to a panel of cell surface molecules.

Using serial frozen sections, monoclonal antibodies and an indirect immunoperoxidase method, 13 fibroadenomas (FA) and 3 cystosarcomas phyllodes (CSP) were analyzed for the expression of Egp34, HEA319-antigen, leucocyte differentiation antigens CD10, CD30, CD57, CD72, CDw75, and CD77, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), and transferrin receptor (CD71). Egp34, CDw75, HEA319 antigen, CD10, and CD30 turned out to be consistently expressed in different cell types constituting FA and CSP and revealed that in malignant CSP the myoepithelial compartment acquires the ability to invade the stroma. Phenomenologically, the variable mode of expression of CD57 in myoepithelial cells, of CD77 in ductal epithelium, and of CD72 in both epithelial and stromal cells is suggestive for reflecting differences in their functional state but cannot be further interpreted at present. Expression of PR and ER was restricted to duct cells and was relatively independent, non-systematical. However, expression of ER and EGFR was inverse. This was also true for EGFR and CD71 in both duct cells and myoepithelial cells of FA. In contrast, stromal cells of FA were able to co-express EGFR and CD71 in the absence of PR and ER. This suggests a hormone-independent stimulation of the stromal cell compartment, possibly leading to local proliferation as the primary event in tumorigenesis of FA. In malignant CSP, however, the main proliferating cell is an abnormally mobile, HEA319 antigen-, CD10- and CD30-positive myoepithelial cell found to co-express ERFR and CD71 which is abnormal for this cell type but encountered in (myo-)fibroblasts of FA.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1984

Microcalcifications in benign breast diseases. A histological and histochemical study.

A hundred cases of fibroadenomas and 300 cases of benign breast diseases were studied without previous roentgenographic examination of the specimens. Microcalcifications were found in 19% of the fibroadenomas, in 26% of the cases of "fibrous disease" and in 57% of the cases of fibrocystic disease. Benign microcalcifications were not found in normal mammary tissue. They were steadily associated with metaplastic epithelial cells and with their abnormal secretions. Two basic types of microcalcifications were encountered: The granular microcalcifications with a predominately intracellular location and the homogeneous (with or without concentric rings) mainly associated with secreted materials. Microcalcifications were associated with metaplastic epithelial cells of the small eosinophilic variety and with their secretions, with the foam cells and with materials secreted by the apocrine cells. A common histochemical feature in cells or matrixes containing microcalcifications was the presence of compound lipids. The possible relationship of benign breast microcalcifications to the calcifications of other tissues, in connection with their association with lipids is discussed.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1985

Fibroadenoma of the female breast with multinucleated giant cells.

A fibroadenoma in the female breast is described, which contained multiple multinucleated giant cells within the stroma. The investigation indicated the giant cells to be of epithelial nature, caused by epithelial degeneration secondary to myoepithelial swelling of unknown cause. Their presence and morphology could cause anxiety about malignancy, but this was found groundless.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1986

Breast lesions diagnosed by fine needle aspiration.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the breast offers patient and clinican a rapid, non-morbid, inexpensive, and highly accurate means of diagnosing both benign and malignant breast lesions. Breast FNA can replace frozen section diagnosis, and in fact has the advantage of providing a known diagnosis before the time that operations are performed. This situation enables the patient and surgeon to discuss and plan therapeutic alternatives in a rational atmosphere. As with any other technique, experience of the aspirator and diagnostician minimizes false positive and false negative rates.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Morphometry of the breast fibroadenoma.

This work is concerned with a morphometric analysis of 23 breast fibroadenomas subdivided into four histological subgroups from purely pericanalicular to purely endocanalicular forms. The volume fractions (Vv) of the lumina and the total volume: epithelial surface ratios (Sv) showed a significant (P less than 0.001) correlation (r = + 0.64). In addition, the Vv and Sv series did not correlate with any of the histological subgroups. The data reported in this work suggest that the ductal epithelium proliferates in fibroadenomas, and that the subtypes are not related to the epithelial growth.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1988

The distribution of lectin receptor sites in human breast lesions.

Conflicting data regarding the status of A, B, H and T antigens in epithelium of normal, mastopathies, fibroadenomas and carcinomas of the breast stimulated us to re-examine the carbohydrate residues in these condition. Currently, we extended the number of carbohydrate residues studied by using ten different biotinylated lectins as probes and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) as a visualant. In addition, the pattern of lectin staining of cancerous cells in primary and metastatic sites was compared. In primary and metastatic breast carcinomas, lectin receptor sites were stained more intensely with Concanavalia ensiformi agglutinin (*Con A), Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), than in normal breast, in mastopathies or in fibroadenomas. Cryptic receptor sites for peanut agglutinin (PNA) were stained in all cases of breast carcinomas, while free PNA sites stained only in a few cases of well-differentiated carcinomas. Receptors sites for Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I) stained non-malignant epithelium of patients with blood group H but did not stain malignant cells. The results show significant differences in lectin-binding patterns and staining intensities between normal and non-malignant, and malignant epithelial breast cells. Furthermore, these results indicate that in malignant cells, there is an increased content of sialic acid-rich carbohydrates but not of asialylated glycoconjugates.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1998

Pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia of the mammary stroma: true entity or phenotype?

We report the clinical and pathologic features seen in 14 cases of pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia of the mammary stroma. The lesion manifested as a discrete palpable lump in twelve women and two men. The excisional biopsy specimens showed firm, circumscribed grey-tan lesions measuring from 3 to 5.5 cm in largest dimension. Histologic study revealed diffuse, anastomosing, enlongated slits with open lumina, covered by spindle cells with bland nuclei and no mitotic activity. Strong reactivity for vimentin and CD34 was noted. Smooth muscle actin was focally noted in most cases. Immunostains for other markers, including CD31 and factor VIII related antigen was negative. Spindle cells from two cases expressed both estrogen and progesterone receptors. In all the cases, there was some degree of glandular hyperplasia accompanying the stromal changes. Fibroadenoma or fibrocystic disease were also common features. Our study confirms that pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia of mammary stroma represents a proliferation of local myofibroblasts, likely related to a hormonal stimulus. The wide range of associated changes of breast parenchyma further indicates that this lesion may represent a local, non specific change rather than a true clinico-pathologic entity.

Actins↗
PubMed1997

The importance of histologic type on breast cancer survival.

Breast cancer is a morphologically and genetically heterogeneous disease. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute provides the large number of cases necessary to study individual histologic types of female invasive breast cancer that for practical reasons are otherwise unattainable. Attention was specifically focused on 4082 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma and 139,154 cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma identified for the years 1973-1990. Life table analyses were conducted to compare survival by histologic type using death due to breast cancer as the outcome; Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to adjust for important covariates. Findings were that women diagnosed with mucinous adenocarcinoma have a rate of mortality due to breast cancer that is 0.38 that of the rate of women diagnosed with infiltrating duct carcinoma (95% confidence interval 0.34-0.42). We conclude that histologic type is important to consider in the prognosis and treatment of women diagnosed with breast cancer.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical expression of monoclonal antibodies (epi-1 and myo-1) derived from human breast cancer against rat mammary tumors.

Immunohistochemical expression of monoclonal antibodies epi-1 and myo-1 derived from human breast cancer cell line (HBC-4W) was examined for DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors. Antibody epi-1 reacted with luminal epithelial cells while antibody myo-1 reacted with myoepithelial cells of the mammary glands in rats, respectively. The reactions with both antibodies were markedly visible, in particular, in the normal mammary gland, tumor-like lesions and benign epithelial mammary tumors in rats, which showed clear two-cell-type structures. Among malignant mammary tumors, adenocarcinoma was strongly positive with antibodies epi-1 and myo-1. However, squamous cell carcinoma and adenoacanthoma mainly reacted with antibody epi-1. On the other hand, the intercellular matrices of pleomorphic cell sarcoma and stromal areas of the normal mammary gland or epithelial tumors were positive with antibody myo-1.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗