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PubMed1992

[Binding of Actinomyces viscosus to collagen].

The ability of collagen adsorbed on apatitic surfaces to promote adhesion of A. viscosus was studied. Treatment of hydroxyapatite (HA) with human type I or type III collagen strongly promoted adhesion of A. viscosus LY7. TEM observations revealed that A. viscosus also attached to fibrils prepared from human type I collagen. The alpha(2) polypeptide derived from type I collagen exhibited moderate activity in promoting binding. Mutans of A. viscosus which possess type I fimbriae, but not type 2 fimbriae or no fimbriae, also bound to collagen-treated HA. This suggests that the adhesin responsible was associated with type I fimbriae, strains of A. israelii and A. odontolyticus also exhibited strong binding to collagen-treated HA. The avidity of Actinomyces species for collagen would seem to be partially responsible for the high proportions of these organisms found on root surfaces.

Actinomyces viscosus↗
PubMed1992

Actinomyces as a cause of recurrent perianal fistula in the immunocompromised patient.

Actinomycosis is an uncommon bacterial infection that has a characteristic chronic indolent course. Patients with this infection frequently undergo multiple surgical procedures before a correct diagnosis is made. Perianal actinomycosis should be suspected if a nontender perianal mass is found to contain thin purulent material and small yellow particles (sulfur granules). The diagnosis is confirmed by special stains and anaerobic cultures. Recognition of this infection is important because successful treatment requires combined surgical and antibiotic therapy. We report two patients, one with diabetes mellitus and one with human immunodeficiency virus III, who had recurrent perianal abscesses caused by Actinomyces and were treated successfully with surgical drainage and antimicrobial therapy.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1992

[Actinomyces pyogenes: conventional and Api system bacteriologic study of 103 strains isolated from ruminants].

One hundred and three strains of Actinomyces pyogenes isolated from ruminants were examined for morphological, cultural and biochemical properties by standard tests and by the Api 50 CH and Api Coryne methods. No biotype could be demonstrated, but a few atypical non- or practically non-proteolytic strains were detected which should be differentiated from Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. Criteria for laboratory identification of A pyogenes were established: Gram stain; culture on blood agar; deep agar and Loeffler's medium; catalase, nitrate reduction, acid formation from xylose; Hugh and Leifson test. The Api Coryne system correctly identified only 58 of 103 A pyogenes cultures, which implies that it should be re-evaluated before use in veterinary diagnosis laboratories.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2005

[A preliminary study of the modulation of Actinomyces naeslundii urease to the pH balance of dental biofilm].

PURPOSE: To explore whether the ureolysis of Actinomyces naeslundii could keep high level in the natural dental biofilm and the effect of ureolysis on the environmental pH balance preliminarily. METHODS: Enzyme kinetic test was used to detect the optimal condition for ureolysis; and the pH change was measured under ureolysis after acidgenesis.SPSS software package was used for linear regression and correlation analysis. RESULTS: The Km of urease was 7.5mmol/L, it could keep 20% to 63% of the optimal activity with the concentration of urea normally found in the mouth which was at the range of 3-10mmol/L; The optimal pH of ureolysis was 6.5, but at pH 5.0 which was the threshold pH of dental plaque, the enzyme had 40% of the optimal activity; with the concentration of urea normally found in the mouth, pH would not decrease to the threshold pH with ureolysis after acidification. CONCLUSION: In the dental plaque biofilm, A. naeslundii could ureolyze highly actively; ureolysis could moderate the pH balance of plaque significantly.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1991

Dominant low responsiveness in the IgG response of mice to the complex protein antigen type 1 fimbriae from Actinomyces viscosus T14V.

Type 1 fimbriae from Actinomyces viscosus T14V, composed of a complex protein of Mr 65,000, mediate the adherence of A. viscosus T14V to the host, whereas type 1 fimbriae-specific antibodies inhibit adherence. Genetic control of the serum IgG response to type 1 fimbriae was evaluated in a series of inbred, hybrid, recombinant inbred, and back-cross mice. Mice were given i.p. injections of 10(8) A. viscosus T14V cells in saline on days 0 and 14, and IgG anti-type 1 fimbriae in sera obtained on day 26 were measured by ELISA. Segregation analysis of the responses of (BALB/cJ x A/J)F1 x A/J backcross mice suggested polygenic control. Linkage analysis in (BALB/cJ x A/J)F1 x A/J backcross and SWXL recombinant inbred mice suggested control by genes linked with H-2 and with Ly-17 and Akp-1. In several F1 hybrid strains derived from H-2-disparate high and low responder parental strains, low responsiveness was dominant. The F1 derived from the H-2-identical high and low responder strains CBA/J and C3H/HeJ was a low responder, suggesting that dominant low responsiveness was mediated by non-H-2-linked genes. A three-gene model is proposed for regulation of the type 1 fimbriae response, including an MHC-linked gene, a gene linked with Ly-17 and Akp-1 on the telomeric portion of chromosome 1, and a background gene whose linkage is unknown.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration of Actinomyces infection of the breast. A novel presentation of thoracopleural actinomycosis.

A case of Actinomyces infection of the breast secondary to thoracopleural disease was initially diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. The tender, hard, swollen left breast was clinically suspected of harboring an inflammatory carcinoma. Cell block sections of the aspirate showed polymorphonuclear leukocytes surrounding a typical "sulphur granule" composed of branching filaments. The diagnosis was confirmed by culture of material obtained at subsequent surgery.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preparation of proteolytic enzymes from the thermophilous actinomycete Actinomyces thermovulgaris str. T-54].

A preparation with a high proteolytic activity has been obtained by acetone precipitation from the culture liquid filtrate of the thermophilous actinomycete Actinomyces thermovulgaris str. T-54. The proteolytic (caseinolytic), fibrinolytic and thrombolytic activity of the preparation is comparable with that of trypsin and far superior to that of fibrinolysine. The preparation is stable at pH 5.0=9.5 and inactivated in the acid zone. The study of pH dependent proteolytic activity has shown acid, neutral and alkaline proteases in the preparation. It is relatively thermostable, and is completely inactivated for 10 min at 90 degrees. It is suggested that the preparation contains four enzymes or four enzymic groups that are different in their temperature sensitivity.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1991

S'-subsite mapping of endoproteinase Glu/Asp-C from Actinomyces sp.

The S'-subsite specificity of the endoproteinase Glu/Asp-C from Actinomyces sp. was studied by acyl transfer reactions using amino-acid- and peptide-derived nucleophilic amino components. The following results were obtained: 1. The enzyme prefers amino acid amides with hydrophobic side chains in P'i position. In addition, positively charged functions in this position favour S'-P' interactions significantly. 2. Stereospecific binding is a prerequisite for nucleophilic efficiency. 3. Dipeptide amides are more efficient amino components in comparison to free dipeptides whereas oligoglycines show a poor nucleophilic behaviour independent of chain length.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Properties of partially purified ATP desaminase from Actinomyces N4 antibioticus].

Three active fractions of ATP desaminase from Actinomyces N4 of type Antibioticus were obtained by gel filtration through Sephadex G-200. Some properties of each fraction were studied: effect of pH and Mg2+, substrate specificity, effect of pH on Km. The enzyme studied could be used for preparation of ITP, IDP, IMP, inosine and hypoxantine.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of extracellular proteolytic enzymes of Actinomyces fradiae 0072].

The composition of extracellular proteinases from Actinomyces fradiae 0072 and their effect on proteins and synthetic substrates were studied. The enzyme preparation was found to have keratinolytic, caseinolytic, collagenolytic, collagenase, trypsin-like, carboxy- and aminopeptidase activities. Five low molecular weight proteinases capable to hydrolyse keratin, casein, azocollagen were obtained via fractionation of the enzyme preparation on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex columns. Proteinases from Act. fradiae and aminopeptidase with a molecular weight of 31,000 were shown to be different enzymes. In hydrolysis of L-leucyl-2-naphthylamide the Michaelis constant and Vmax of the enzyme were found to be 3.02 X 10(-3) M and 0.35 X 10(2) micronM/ml-min, respectively.

2-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on immunobiological activities of periodontopathic bacteria. Comparison of the activities of soluble components from Bacteroides gingivalis and Actinomyces viscosus].

It has been proposed that Bacteroides gingivalis and Actinomyces viscosus are most important agents to pathogenesis of the periodontitis and gingivitis. In this study, the influences of sonic extracts prepared from B. gingivalis and A. viscosus for DNA synthesis of murine lymphocytes, production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), collagenase and interleukin-1 (IL-1) from human peripheral monocyte were investigated. Furthermore, PGE2 and collagenase production by fibroblasts from human periodontal ligament (HPLF) and gingiva (Gin 1) stimulated with macrophage conditioned medium (MCM) cultured with bacterial sonic extracts were examined. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The sonic extracts (10 micrograms/ml protein) from B. gingivalis and A. viscosus showd low mitogenic activity to spleen cells, however, induced polyclonal B cell activation. 2. Although, the effect of these sonic extracts on the production of PGE2 and collagenase by human peripheral monocyte was not found, the induction of IL-1 production was recognized. 3. The culture supernatants of C3H/HeN mouse peritoneal macrophage stimulated with sonic extracts of B. gingivalis and A. viscosus were induced PGE2 and collagenase production by HPLF and Gin 1. These results suggest that the cellular components of B. gingivalis and A. viscosus may play the pathogenic roles in periodontal tissue destruction through the stimulation of macrophage and/or lymphocyte.

Actinomyces viscosus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of Actinomyces pyogenes involved in lameness of male turkeys in north-central United States.

A new condition of clinical lameness in 20 male turkey flocks of North-Central United States, associated with isolation of gram-positive rod bacteria from lesions of osteomyelitis, is characterized. The characterization confirmed the randomly selected isolates as Actinomyces pyogenes based on macroscopic and microscopic observations and 17 biochemical tests. The disease was reproduced within 3 weeks in all male turkeys, following an intravenous challenge at 15 weeks of age. The agar gel precipitin test and immunoblotting confirmed the antigenic similarity of the isolates recovered from the osteomyelitis lesions of lame birds.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1990

[Lysis of the cells of Propionibacterium acnes by the culture supernatant of Actinomyces viscosus].

Ecologically there seemed to be antagonistic relations between Actinomyces viscosus and Propionibacterium acnes. The Supernatant of A. viscosus was shown to possess a lytic activity on the growing cells of P. acnes. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Only a small number of P. acnes was isolated in samples from which numerous A. viscosus were isolated. On the other hand, P. acnes were frequently isolated in samples from which few cells of A. viscosus were isolated. 2. The concentrate with ammonium sulfate of the anaerobic culture supernatant of A. viscosus was used as a lytic factor. When P. acnes was grown in broth with the lytic factor, for a short time optical density of the culture increased and then decreased. Release of 3H-thymidine was observed from the radio-labeled cells of P. acnes, suggesting the release of DNA due to the disruption of the cells. 3. Gram positive staining during early stage of cell lysis began to turn to Gram negative and disrupted cells were observed at later stages. Using an electronic microscope it was observed that cell poles were broken with cytoplasm flowing out. 4. The lytic factor lysed the growing cells, but did not lyse either the resting cells or the dead cells. 5. Radio-labeled high molecular substances were released into the supernatant from the growing cells of P. acnes which were radio-labeled by 3H-glycerol or 14C-alanine. This suggested the release of lipoteichoic acid or peptidoglycan. 6. The lytic factor did not release radio-labeled substances from the isolated peptidoglycan which was radio-labeled by both 3H-glucosamine and 14C-alanine. 7. Lysis of P. acnes by the lytic factor was inhibited by adding chloramphenicol which was assumed to inhibit the release of lipoteichoic acid. 8. From the results mentioned above, the lytic factor seemed to cause the cellular lysis of P. acnes by the release of lipoteichoic acid followed by activation of the autolytic enzyme. This mode of action is similar to that of penicillin, but the molecule of the lytic factor seemed to have the nature of protein.

Actinomyces viscosus↗
PubMed1990

[The possible pathogenic factors of Actinomyces pyogenes. A review].

Actinomyces pyogenes, an important pathogen of the bovine udder, was mainly characterized by production of the enzymes protease and neuraminidase. Both enzymes could be isolated and further analyzed. In addition A. pyogenes demonstrated lectin-like surface structures which caused hemagglutination reactions of neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. Further surface antigens of A. pyogenes which characteristically cross reacted with antisera against group polysaccharide antigens of streptococci of serological group G allowed an additional serological identification of this species. A. pyogenes further demonstrated binding properties for the plasma proteins alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin and fibrinogen and bacteriocin-like activities which caused growth inhibition of micrococci and staphylococci.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1990

Antibody response in the bovine genital tract to intrauterine infusion of Actinomyces pyogenes.

Antibody titres and immunoglobulin concentrations were measured in serum and in uterine and vaginal secretions from five heifers after intrauterine infusion of Actinomyces pyogenes. Infection stimulated an increase in uterine antibody titres of IgG2 and IgA, which approached significance. There was no increase in antibody titres in vaginal secretions or in serum. For each class of immunoglobulin, the ratio of specific antibody to immunoglobulin tended to increase in uterine secretions after infection, whereas no change was detected in the serum. These results indicate that at least a portion of the antibody was derived from local uterine synthesis.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1988

Improved SDS-Page method for protein profiles analysis of actinomyces species.

A simple, rapid SDS-Page method for protein profiles analysis of Actinomyces species was developed. Eighteen strains (12 reference strains and 6 fresh isolates) representing four species were used in this study. Eight detergents were tested for protein extraction. Cell extracts were obtained by shaking the bacteria suspended in a solution containing a detergent and glass beads. After electrophoresis, according to the Laemmli's technique, two protein stain procedure were tested (Coomassie blue and silver stain). Best results were obtained with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 4 h and the silver stain procedure of Oakley. Protein profiles analysis showed that the method is reproducible and distinguishes not only species but sometimes also subspecies.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of Actinomyces viscosus on the production of prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 in macrophages].

Certain species of bacteria have been implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. It has been reported that Actinomyces viscosus (A. viscosus) is associated with gingivitis. On the other hand, it is known that prostaglandin (PG) E2 is one of potent mediators of bone resorption and macrophage is PGE2 producing cell. It has been reported that a number of macrophage is increased in inflamed gingival tissues and that A. viscosus (T14V strain) cells significantly stimulated the arachidonic acid (AA) release and the secretion of PGE2 and thromboxane (TX) B2. Furthermore, the level of PGE2 in inflamed gingival tissues was 18 times higher than that of normal gingiva. In general, it is believed that the rate-limiting step in the production of PGs and TXs is dependent on the release of AA from phospholipids in the cell membrane. However, recent papers suggested that the produced levels of PGE2 and TXB2 were not completely dependent on the amounts of released AA, and the mechanism of rate limiting step and the PGE2 production are still remains to be elucidated. It is known that glucocorticoid, anti-inflammatory steroid, inhibits the AA release from phospholipids of cell membrane. In the present study, in order to clarify the mechanism of PGE2 and TXB2 production by the A. viscosus cells, the effect of addition of glucocorticoid on the levels of PGE2 and TXB2 production were studied. The effects of ionophore A 23187 and zymosan, which were known as agents of macrophage activation but having different action manner, on the relation between the AA release and productions of PGE2 and TXB2 were also comparatively studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actinomyces↗