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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Changes in nutrient intake during a behavioral weight control program.

Behavioral modification holds promise of being an effective mode of therapy for obesity. It focuses on changing clients' eating habits and does not always include specific dietary guidance. This study was conducted to learn whether such behavior modification training results in the adoption of nutritionally sound dietary patterns. Originally, the diets of fifteen individuals met two-thirds of all Recommended Dietary Allowances. After a twenty-week program, the only nutrients below this level were iron, thiamin, and calcium. Other changes involved an increase in nutrient density for protein, fiber, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, and cholesterol. Nutrient density for carbohydrates, fat, and calcium decreased.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Controlled weight bearing after osteosynthesis].

Patient compliance with postoperative partial weight bearing can be a difficult management problem. The problem may be intentional or unintentional. There is no objective way to assess the amount of weight placed on the lower extremity by the patient. It is our clinical suspicion that patients place more weight than is desirable on the effected limb. There are few reports in the literature on this topic. One study has confirmed our suspicion of poor patient compliance with postoperative weight bearing. Our goal is to develop a system to accurately assess weight bearing and to improve this aspect of postoperative fracture care. Through an active feedback device we hope to improve patient education and understanding. We plan to study the clinical applications of using a pressure sensitive shoe insert device. Our ultimate goal is to improve upon the present device and to study the clinical application of there use.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1996

[Feedback-controlled weight bearing following osteosynthesis of the lower extremity].

Truly partial weight bearing by usual mode of mobilisation after an operation of the lower limb is not a realistic goal. Frequent and massive overloading could recently be shown in a series of patients with joint replacements. Significant improvements in the loading pattern could be demonstrated with the use of an acoustic feedback system. Our goal was to test the clinical application of this method by using a similar system in the form of an insole-installed device. In the same trial, data on the real weight bearing pattern with prescribed loading after osteosyntheses was to be collected with and without the feedback device. We measured weight bearing continuously in two groups of patients. The first group was mobilised in the usual manner whereas the second group was acoustically alerted to overloading when passing the limit of 15 kg by a sensor device in the insole. Our results showed that 40.8% of steps made by patients mobilised in the usual manner were massively overloaded whereas 12.7% of steps in the second feedback-group produced even minor overloading. Apart from certain technical difficulties, the method was well accepted by the patients. The usual method of progressive weight bearing is unreliable. The value of partial weight bearing after internal fixation of the lower limb remains to be evaluated. In cases in which partial weight bearing is recommended, more attention should be paid to observing the prescribed limits and a reliable system that alerts the patient of excessive weight bearing would be most useful. For routine use in clinics a technically more reliable PMT Feedback System has to be developed.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of self-reported height and weight with controlled height and weight in women and men.

Self-reported height and weight were compared with directly-measured controlled height and weight in 158 women with a median age of 34 years (16-62 years) and in 594 men with a median age of 37 (16-66 years). A model of two one-dimensional linear regressions with two independent variables was used in order to describe the combined influence of both controlled height and controlled weight on self-reported height and on self-reported weight. For both sexes there was a systematic tendency for tall and heavy persons to underestimate their height and weight and conversely for small and thin persons to overestimate these measurements. The influence of controlled weight on self-reported height was statistically significant (women: P less than 0.05; men: P approximately 0.05,) and so was the influence of controlled height on self-reported weight (women: P less than 0.002; men: P less than 0.001). The reported heights and weights of women and men converged towards a pair of desired measures for each sex, ie the values of height and weight for which the reported and the controlled values were identical. For women the desired measures were 159.6 cm and 45.2 kg, for men 176.7 cm and 68.9 kg. The demonstrated differences between self-reported and controlled body measures may invalidate data and conclusions of insurance studies and population surveys based on self-reported measures.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Attributions for previous failures and subsequent outcomes in a weight reduction program.

This prospective study examines the effects of causal attributions given to previous weight control failures on subsequent success in controlling weight. Adult participants enrolled in a weight control program were screened to identify those who had made previous weight reduction attempts through a formal program. Once identified, subjects (n = 158) were asked to make causal attributions for their previous failures. Subjects were then followed through the 15-week program to determine their degree of success. Subjects who attributed the cause of previous failures to stable, immutable conditions were more likely to have low expectations of success. Low success expectancies, in turn, were associated with lack of goal attainment through the program. The number of previous failures in formal weight control programs was associated with a perception of the respondents that previous failures had stable causes. Neither the number of former failures nor the attributions of their causes were directly related to goal attainment. Practice implications of the results are discussed.

Achievement↗
PubMed2004

Parent weight change as a predictor of child weight change in family-based behavioral obesity treatment.

BACKGROUND: Family-based behavioral weight control treatment involves the parent in the modification of child and parent eating and activity change. OBJECTIVE: To assess if parent standardized body mass index (z-BMI) change predicts child z-BMI change. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis based on parent and child z-BMI changes from 3 family-based, randomized, controlled weight control studies. Hierarchical regression models tested whether parent z-BMI change increased prediction of child z-BMI change through treatment and 24-month follow-up beyond other factors that influence child weight change, such as child age, sex, socioeconomic status, and baseline child and parent z-BMI. Differences in child z-BMI change as a function of quartiles of parental z-BMI change were tested using an analysis of covariance. SETTING: Pediatric obesity research clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Obese 8- to 12-year-old children and their parents from 142 families who participated in family-based weight control programs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Child and parent z-BMI changes over time. RESULTS: Parent z-BMI change significantly predicted child z-BMI change for the 0- to 6-month (P<.001) and 0- to 24-month (P <.009) time points. In hierarchical regression models, parent z-BMI change was a significant incremental predictor of child z-BMI change at 6 and 24 months, with the additional r(2) ranging from 11.6% at 6 months (P <.001) to 3.8% at 24 months (P =.02). Parents in the highest quartile of z-BMI change had children with significantly greater z-BMI change than that of children with parents in the other quartiles (P =.01). CONCLUSION: Parent z-BMI change is an independent predictor of obese child z-BMI change in family-based behavioral treatment, and youth benefit the most from parents who lose the most weight in family-based behavioral treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Can anyone successfully control their weight? Findings of a three year community-based study of men and women.

This study examined the prevalence, distribution and correlates of successful weight loss and successful weight maintenance over three years in a community-based sample of 854 subjects aged 20-45 at baseline. More than half (53.7%) of the participants in the study gained weight within the first twelve months, only one in four (24.5%) successfully avoided weight gain over three years, and less than one in twenty (4.6%) lost and maintained weight successfully. The findings underscore the importance of current public health efforts to prevent weight gain, and suggest that without much greater efforts to promote and support weight control the prevalence of obesity will continue to rise.

Adult↗