Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “school functioning”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Multiple breath inert gas washout as a measure of ventilation distribution in children with cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) has been suggested as a tool for detecting early cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. A study was undertaken to compare the relative sensitivity of MBW and spirometry for detecting abnormal lung function in school age children with CF and to compare MBW results obtained from healthy children in the UK with those recently reported from Sweden. METHODS: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and maximal expiratory flow when 25% of forced vital capacity remains to be expired (MEF25) were compared with the lung clearance index (LCI) derived from sulphur hexafluoride MBW in 22 children with CF aged 6-16 years and in 33 healthy controls. RESULTS: LCI was higher in children with CF than in healthy controls (mean difference 5.1 (95% CI of difference 4.1 to 6.1) and FEV1 and MEF25 z-scores were lower (mean difference -2.3 (95% CI -2.9 to -1.7) and -1.8 (95% CI -2.4 to -1.3), respectively; p<0.001 for all). There was a significant negative correlation between LCI and FEV1 (r2 = 0.62) and MEF25 (r2 = 0.46). However, while normal (> or =-1.96 z-scores) FEV1 and MEF25 results were seen in 11 (50%) and 12 (53%) children with CF, respectively, all but one of these children had an abnormally increased LCI. LCI was repeatable in both groups (within subject CV for three measurements 6% for CF and 5% for healthy children). In healthy subjects LCI was independent of age and virtually identical in the British and Swedish children (mean difference 0.1 (95% CI -0.1 to 0.4), p = 0.38) CONCLUSIONS: MBW is reproducible between laboratories, generates normal ranges which are constant over childhood, and is more frequently abnormal than spirometry in children with CF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Specificity of specific language impairment.

In children with specific language impairment (SLI) their problems are supposed to be specifically restricted to language. However, both on theoretical basis as well as on a practical basis it is often difficult to make a sharp distinction between specific and non-specific language disorders. In a three-step study we found in the first place that in a group of children with supposed SLI (n = 319), after multidisciplinary examination, only in 25% of the cases the diagnosis SLI was correct. Secondly we found that after a period of time children with correctly diagnosed SLI showed problems with attention, motor functioning and school achievement. Thirdly we found that the learning difficulties of the children were related to their previous language problems. We hypothesize that SLI is less specific than is generally assumed. It could be a part of a neuropsychological 'syndrome' in which neurological maturation is jeopardized.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1983

The REACH Project: an innovative health delivery model for medically dependent children.

Rural Efforts to Assist Children at Home (REACH) is a service/demonstration and training project designed to provide specialized health care and case management services to medically dependent children in a 16-county area in central FLorida. REACH nurses, acting as Health Care Coordinators, provide instruction, consultation, coordination, and supervision of health care services in collaboration with tertiary care physicians and services at the University of Florida Health Center. Patients include infants, children, and adolescents with a wide variety of chronic illnesses including leukemia, muscular dystrophy, pulmonary disorders, failure to thrive, and seizure disorders. In addition to extensive work with families in the home, the REACH program incorporates a feedback system for its nurses, a progress-oriented record system, carefully designed agreements between tertiary care centers and community agencies, and an innovative training program for its nurses. REACH intends to serve about 1000 children during its 3-year demonstration phase. Success will be based on careful monitoring of costs, family functioning, and school attendance. If successful, the project will provide a model for the structured utilization of health and social services for families with medically dependent children.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of maximal expiratory flow-volume curves--visual evaluation and quantitative evaluation].

Maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves have been utilized in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive lung diseases, in the survey of air pollution, and in studies of respiratory functions in school children. Indices for the lower lung volumes of MEFV curves have been used in statistical analysis or individual evaluation because of their effort independence, while indices for higher lung volumes of MEFV curves, which were considered to be effort-dependent, have not been used. A few reports using indices for higher and lower lung volumes have been described because the indices for higher lung volumes are as reproducible to the maximal expiration as those for lower lung volumes. Recently, MEFV-type analysis has been studied and this analysis has been useful in assessing the effects of smoking on MEFV curves, or in assessing subjects with nasal allergies or those with prior nasal allergies. From the aspects of hygiene, this review mainly describes MEFV-type analysis and the quantitative analysis of discriminant analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Molecular epidemiologic research on the effects of environmental pollutants on the fetus.

Evidence shows that fetuses and infants are more affected than adults by a variety of environmental toxicants because of differential exposure, physiologic immaturity, and a longer lifetime over which disease initiated in early life can develop. In this article we review data on the effects of in utero exposure to common environmental contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), particulate matter and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). We then summarize results from our molecular epidemiologic study to assess risks from in utero exposures to ambient air pollution and ETS. This research study, conducted in Poland, used biomarkers to measure the internal and bioeffective dose of toxicants and individual susceptibility factors. The study included 160 mothers and 160 newborns. Ambient air pollution was significantly associated (p= 0.05) with the amount of PAH bound to DNA (PAH-DNA adducts) in both maternal and infant cord white blood cells (WBC). Newborns with elevated PAH-DNA adducts (greater than the median) had significantly decreased birth weight (p= 0.05), birth length (p= 0.02), and head circumference (p= 0.0005) compared to the newborns with lower adducts (n= 135). Maternal and infant cotinine levels were increased by active and passive cigarette smoke exposure of the mother (p= 0.01). An inverse correlation was seen between newborn plasma cotinine (nanograms per milliliter) and birth weight (p= 0.0001) and length (p= 0.003). Adducts were elevated in placental tissue and WBC of newborns who were heterozygous or homozygous for the cytochrome P4501A1 MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) compared to newborns without the RFLP. Levels of PAH-DNA and cotinine were higher in newborns than mothers. These results document that there is significant transplacental transfer of PAH and ETS constituents from mother to fetus; that PAH-DNA adduct levels in maternal and newborn WBC were increased with environmental exposure to PAH from ambient pollution; and that the fetus is more sensitive to genetic damage than the mother. The study also provided the first molecular evidence that transplacental PAH exposure to the fetus is compromising fetal development. If confirmed, these findings could have significant public health implications since a number of studies have found that reduction of head circumference at birth correlates with lower intelligence quotient as well as poorer cognitive functioning and school performance in childhood.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Course of tic severity in Tourette syndrome: the first two decades.

OBJECTIVE: Prevalence studies indicate a 10-fold higher rate of Tourette syndrome (TS) among children compared with adults. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the course of tic severity during the first 2 decades of life. METHOD: A birth-year cohort of 42 TS patients followed at the Yale Child Study Center was recontacted an average of 7.3 years after their initial clinical evaluation. Data concerning the onset and course of tic severity until 18 years of age were available on 36 TS patients. A variety of statistical techniques were used to model aspects of the temporal patterning of tic severity. RESULTS: Mean (SD) tic onset at 5.6 (2. 3) years of age was followed by a progressive pattern of tic worsening. On average, the most severe period of tic severity occurred at 10.0 (2.4) years of age. In eight cases (22%), the frequency and forcefulness of the tics reached a severe level during the worst-ever period such that functioning in school was impossible or in serious jeopardy. In almost every case this period was followed by a steady decline in tic severity. By 18 years of age nearly half of the cohort was virtually tic-free. The onset of puberty was not associated with either the timing or severity of tics. CONCLUSIONS: A majority of TS patients displayed a consistent time course of tic severity. This consistency can be accurately modeled mathematically and may reflect normal neurobiological processes. Determination of the model parameters that describe each patient's course of tic severity may be of prognostic value and assist in the identification of factors that differentially influence the course of tic severity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intellectual deficits associated with early onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children.

Twenty-seven children with early-onset (less than 4 yr) diabetes (EOD), 24 children with late-onset (greater than 4 yr) diabetes (LOD), and 30 sibling controls were compared in their performance on tests of intellectual functioning and school achievement. The results indicated that children with EOD, particularly girls, scored lower than the other groups of diabetic children and siblings on tests of visuospatial (P less than .05) but not verbal ability. Many of the girls with EOD were also having difficulty at school, and several were receiving special education. Children with EOD had more hypoglycemic convulsions than those with LOD. Both convulsions and age of onset were associated with poorer performance on spatial tasks. Girls with EOD had lower spatial test scores regardless of convulsion history, whereas boys with EOD scored lower only if they had had a convulsion.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Stress, health-related behavior and quality of life on depressive symptomatology in a sample of adolescents.

This study examined the correlations of 21 variables categorized into sociodemographic, subjective quality of life, stress, problem behavior, and health behavior predictors of at-risk and low-risk depressive symptomatology for a sample of 1056 adolescents attending public school. Discriminant function analysis showed lower life satisfaction, higher stress, and perceived unattractiveness as major discriminating variables for at-risk (CES-Depression score greater than 23) versus low-risk depressed adolescents. Only two problem behaviors were significant, smoking for girls and hard drug use for boys.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Role function and job satisfaction of school psychologists practicing in an expanded role model.

School psychologists are typically itinerant among multiple schools and often spend up to two-thirds of their time on assessment activities related to students with disabilities and special education programs. School psychologists in delivery of an expanded role service model are assigned to a single school and provide more consultation and intervention services. 97 school psychologists assigned to an expanded role in a single southeastern urban school district were surveyed on their job roles and job satisfaction. The majority were satisfied or very satisfied with their jobs, particularly with engaging in activities that were of service to others and staying involved in a variety of job activities. School psychologists wanted to spend less time in assessment, multidisciplinary team meetings, and administrative duties. The discrepancy between the desired and actual amount of time spent in multidisciplinary meetings was negatively related to job satisfaction. Psychologists wanted to spend more time in direct and indirect intervention, professional development, and networking.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of visual-perceptual and visual-motor skills between Palestinian and Israeli children.

PURPOSE: This pioneer study examines the visual-motor and visual-perceptual performance of Israeli and Palestinian children, and makes comparisons among these respective populations according to age, place of residence, and parental education. In addition, the study evaluates the validity of standardized assessment tools for use with Palestinian children, with the view of establishing a sound assessment battery for this underserved population. METHODS: Participants included 101 Israeli and 125 Palestinian children from kindergarten, first grade, and second grade who underwent visual-motor and visual-perceptual tests. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the two cultural groups in all assessments. Results also refer to grade, place of residence, and parents' education variables. CONCLUSIONS: Although culture influences children's performance, children from different societies should be screened and, when necessary, evaluated and treated in order to enable their optimal functioning at school. The validity of the assessment tools used, expressed in the ability to differentiate between Israeli and Palestinian children, should be further studied in order to suggest that these assessments may be considered as part of an evaluation battery for determining the school readiness and ability to advance in grade level among Palestinian children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Novel nutritional immune formula maintains host defense mechanisms.

Military combat and training stress induce immune changes that increase the risk of infection and ultimately influence soldiers' performance and readiness. Strenuous military training/assessment provides a uniform stress and the opportunity to evaluate nutritional strategies to minimize stress-induced immune changes that predispose soldiers to infection. Immunological changes and effects of a novel nutritional immune formula (NNIF) were examined prospectively in a double-blind, controlled study of 200 soldiers attending Special Forces Assessment and Selection School. Immune function was measured by skin delayed-type hypersensitivity, lymphocyte phenotyping, mitogenic proliferative responses, and granulocyte function. Approximately 50% of soldiers completed the study (control, n = 57; NNIF, n = 50). Several stress-induced lymphocyte changes were observed (decreased mitogen-induced proliferation, T and total lymphocytes, and interferon-gamma-producing lymphocytes and increased percentage of neutrophils). NNIF modified several changes, including delayed-type hypersensitivity responses (NNIF, 78%; control, 59%; p < 0.05), increased proportions of helper T cells, activation of B cells, enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis, and attenuation of declines in certain functional subpopulations (i.e., cytotoxic/ suppressor lymphocytes). Soldiers who consumed NNIF experienced less stress-induced immune impairment, thereby lowering the risk of infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[O.V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences--75 years].

The article deals with a short record including the information about the history of creation and main developmental stages of the first and presently the single in Ukraine Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The record contains the main achievements of the Institute scientific subdivisions for the 75 years period of their creative work in the field of the most urgent problems of fundamental and applied biochemistry. As well it displays the information about comprehensive and extensive publishing and educational activity conducted by the staff,, the work on training the scientific manpower of the highest qualification--Doctors of Science (D.Sc.) and Philosophy Doctors (Ph. D.), active participation of the research scientists in attracting to science the talented young people representing the students and school-children taking interest in the biological chemistry. The article shows the great role of the Institute famous scientists-biochemists in forming some scientific schools on functional biochemistry acknowledged in the world biochemistry. There are also some data about the each of nine scientific departments of the Institute for the period of last 20-25 years of their activity in the field of the most urgent problems of the contemporary biochemistry. These are the following Departments: Neurochemistry, Metabolism Regulation, Muscular Biochemistry, Protein Structure Functions, Coenzymes Biochemistry, Enzymes Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Immunology, Biochemistry of Lipids, Sensor and Regulator Systems Biochemistry. There is also a short review regarding the history of foundation, development and scientific achievements of the Institute division in L'viv including four scientific departments: Biochemistry of Cellular Differentiation, Biochemical Genetics, Regulation of Low Molecular Compounds Synthesis, Regulation of Cells Differentiation.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2001

Classroom strategies used by teachers of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Pediatric therapists working in schools commonly function as consultants to assist teachers to develop strategies to help promote the classroom performance of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). This study surveyed general education teachers in northern New England to determine the classroom strategies teachers commonly use and perceive as being effective for improving the performance of children with ADHD. The strategies receiving the highest frequency and effectiveness ratings were enforcing routine and structure, frequent contact, preferential seating, use of motor breaks, and teaching self-monitoring of behaviors. The strategies receiving the lowest effectiveness ratings were peer tutoring, timeout, and giving assistance during transitions. Cross tabulations with chi-square analysis of the effectiveness ratings by grade level indicated the ratings for 3 of the 15 strategies, use of a designated quiet space, use of motor breaks, and sensory modulation techniques, were dependent on grade level. Qualitative analysis of teacher responses to open-ended questions provided recommendations for improving the education of children with ADHD, including: increasing special education support in the classroom, smaller class sizes, frequent parent-teacher collaboration, and more hands-on learning experiences. Implications of the results of the study for therapists working with students with ADHD and their teachers are discussed.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗