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Results for “Vision Screening”

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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Population-based study of spectacles use in southern India.

This study assessed the use of spectacles and its demographic associations in a sample representative of the population of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 11,786 subjects of all ages were sampled from 94 clusters in one urban and three rural study areas of Andhra Pradesh using stratified, random, cluster, systematic sampling. The eligible subjects underwent detailed interview and eye examination including dilated examination of the posterior segment. The data on the use of spectacles were analysed for subjects > 15 years of age. A total of 7,432 subjects > 15 years of age participated in the study of whom 1,030 (13.8%) had a refractive error of spherical equivalent +/- 3.00 Diopter or worse. The prevalence of current use of spectacles in those with spherical equivalent +/- 3.00 Diopter or worse, who were likely to be visually impaired without refractive correction, was 34.2% (95% confidence interval 30.3-38%) and of previous use of spectacles was 12.3% (95% confidence interval 10.3-14.3%). The odds of using spectacles currently were significantly higher for those with any level of education, those living in the urban area, and for those with aphakia or psuedophakia as compared with natural refractive error. Among those who had used spectacles previously, 43.8% had discontinued because they felt that either the prescription was incorrect or that the spectacles were uncomfortable, suggesting poor quality of refractive services, and another 19.6% had lost the pair and could not afford to buy another pair. These data suggest that the use of spectacles in this population by those with refractive error was not optimal. Two-thirds of those with spherical equivalent +/- 3.00 Diopter or worse were not using spectacles. Of those who had discontinued the use of spectacles, a significant proportion did so for reasons related to poor quality of refractive services. Strategies such as vision screening programmes and eye health promotion need to be implemented, the quality of refractive services monitored and the cost of spectacles regulated, if the substantial burden of visual impairment due to refractive error in this population is to be reduced.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visual acuity in the first two years of life in healthy term newborns: an experience with the teller acuity cards.

Teller Acuity Cards are a new "preferential looking" procedure for the evaluation of visual acuity in newborns and infants. We used this test to assess, longitudinally, visual acuity in 60 healthy term newborns followed up from birth to two years of age. In order to have a set of comparison parameters for use in studies of newborns at risk of developing visual system impairment, the relative maturational curve was plotted. The acuity values of our sample are in line with those reported by other authors in the literature and they represent the first set of such data referring to a group of healthy term newborns in Italy. This paper provides a visual acuity curve for the first two years of life obtained from healthy term newborns, a curve which could prove useful for reference when this technique is used on newborns at risk of developing neurological and especially visual problems.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2003

New visual acuity chart: modification for clinical practice and research.

The authors created numeric optotypes by steps following the standard Sloan letters and developed a visual acuity test chart using Logarithm of the Minimal Angle of Resolution (Log MAR) such as the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. Legibility of new numeric optotypes was presented in per cent of correct response at threshold. Only seven numbers (0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) were used as optotypes and the average of per cent of correct response at threshold equal to 80.7 which was slightly less than standard Sloan letters (82%). The comparison between results of visual acuity level from the new chart and ETDRS showed that the ETDRS chart was slightly more legible than the new chart. It can be used universally especially with Thai people for clinical practice and research.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Follow-up study on vision health readiness in the military.

A retrospective study reviewed medical records of military personnel who had participated in a vision readiness study the previous year. The review evaluated (1) the number of personnel who returned for an eye examination (as recommended), (2) the number of dilated eye examinations, (3) the number of optical devices ordered, (4) the number of patients requiring continuing treatment, (5) the types of eye disease in personnel who were classified as nondeployable in the original study, and (6) the relationship between patient vision complaints and the need for spectacles. Analyses revealed 44% of military personnel have never had a comprehensive eye examination. Of these personnel who never had an eye examination, 15% to 26% could improve their vision with spectacles. Finally, even though having an eye examination is important, whether or not the individual has had a comprehensive eye examination should not be a significant criterion for deployment.

Female↗
PubMed2004

[Peculiarities of stereovision in children].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to evaluate the stereovision and the stereoacuity of the preschool children and to compare various stereotests. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The test group consisted of 118 children who were divided into 3 age groups: 2-3 year-old group (22.03%), 4-5 year-old group (43.22%) and 6-7 year-old group (34.75%). Titmus, Lang I and contour anaglyphic pictures stereotests were used. RESULTS: The stereovision was investigated in 94.92% of children (88.46% in 2-3 year old group, 96.08% in 4-5 years and 97.56% in 6-7 year-old group). The stereoacuity of 40" was detected in 63.41% of 6-7 year-old and only in 7.69% of 2-3 year-old children. CONCLUSIONS: A reverse correlation was noticed between the stereoacuity and the frequency of positive results in all age groups. The frequency of positive stereovision in various disparity levels and the stereoacuity increase together with the age of children; these data were significant between the groups of 2-3 years and 6-7 years (p<0.05). Data did not show significant differences between various stereotests, but we noticed that contoured stereotests were more comprehensible to the 2-5 year-old children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

[The grating acuity of children in preschool age].

OBJECTIVE: To study the developmental trend of the binocular grating acuity of preschool children. METHODS: Binocular grating acuities in 599 children from 2 months to 72 months old (18 groups) were measured using the closed-circuit operant preferential looking system (COPLs). The children included in the investigation were required to be a normal term birth, development and normal eyes, and cycloplegic refraction error within specific limits. The system's reliabilities and measurable rates were also evaluated. RESULTS: The difference of the vision acuities obtained by the same tester on different days has no statistic significance. The measurable rates reached 90% in most age groups. The grating acuity of the children included in the study developed rapidly during first year, and then it reached to a slower development period from 30 to 36-months, the grating acuity stabilized after 3 years old. CONCLUSION: The COPL system is a practical devise to assess the grating visual acuity of infants and preschool children and it can be used to investigate the vision developmental trend including speed, age of its maturation and the top-acuity of the development.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1990

Monovision.

Monovision has been a controversial contact lens correction modality for over 30 years. This paper addresses the major issues and concerns and considers them in the light of patient safety, visual efficiency and practitioner liability.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1990

The validity of Titmus Vision testing results.

A comparison was made between results obtained through the Titmus Vision Tester and those obtained through more common open field optometric procedures. Specific tests performed with the Titmus Vision Tester included near and distance visual acuities, distance lateral and vertical phorias, color discrimination, and stereo acuity. Results were also obtained using Snellen near and distance charts for visual acuities, Maddox rod for vertical and lateral phorias at distance (neutralized with prism), Ishihara plates for color discrimination, and Stereofly Wirt Dot for stereo acuity. The purpose was to determine whether results obtained by the Titmus Vision Tester are significantly different from those obtained by performing the above specific tests on the patient population.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Visual function and reading disability: an optometric viewpoint.

Recent research has identified a low-level transient visual system deficit in patients with reading disability. This deficit has been shown to have consequences on higher level perceptual and cognitive functions, including reading. This new information provides optometrists with a theoretical framework to expand the understanding of the relationship between vision and reading. In this paper, traditional concepts are described and an extensive literature review is provided. The impact of these processing deficits on reading performance is discussed based on metacontrast masking and foveal-parafoveal sequential attention models of reading. Clinical implications of transient system function in other clinical entities are also provided.

Attention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Contrast sensitivity function. Results of an epidemiologic study].

The examination of contrast sensitive function partially tests the capabilities of ganglion cells. However, this method has not yet proven to be an unquestionable way of diagnosis, 108 Subjects with various pathological conditions were tested with this technique in order to confirm its value for ophthalmological pathology. The first epidemiological results show that there are changes in curves obtained for clinically sick patients, and that the currently used equipment is most sensitive of the 4 th frequency and high frequencies. Finally, each colored stimulation is very significant at low frequencies.

Contrast Sensitivity↗
PubMed1988

The photopic and scotopic visual thresholds in diabetics without diabetic retinopathy.

The foveal photopic threshold for Landolt ring discrimination and the paramacular scotopic threshold has been monocularly measured in 27 diabetic patients, 30 to 50 years old, without funduscopic retinal alterations, and compared with similar thresholds collected from 17 healthy age matched subjects. About 0.3 log threshold elevation for both photopic and scotopic functions were documented in the diabetic group, suggesting a functional impairment before visible retinopathy occurred. The threshold loss was not correlated with the diabetes longevity.

Adult↗