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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The physical, psycho-social and vocational effectiveness of a sheltered workshop for brain-damaged war veterans.

This two-year investigation of the rehabilitation effectiveness of a sheltered workshop for severely brain-damaged war veterans who had been deemed non-feasible for the Ministry of Defense's usual rehabilitation services, included: (a) a multi-disciplinary staff, (b) adapted jobs, (c) client involvement in workshop management and maintenance, (d) client earnings and (e) social activities. Brain-damaged war veterans from the Tel Aviv area constituted the experimental group. Persons with similar neurological impairment, cognitive, emotional disabilities and social handicaps constituted the control group. In interviews at the beginning and end of the research period, the rehabilitation workshop members and the families expressed a significantly greater increase in satisfaction with a variety of major life activities than did members of the control group and their families. It would appear that sheltered work can increase the brain-damaged persons' satisfaction with major life activities by ameliorating the personal, social and vocational dysfunction that accompanies and aggravates the consequence of brain damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Vocational rehabilitation after lung resection due to bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)].

Problems of vocational rehabilitation after radical operation of 307 patients with bronchial carcinoma, who are still living 3 years after the operation are analysed. Preoperative relation of professional groups: Employees 46%, industrial workers 28%, independent professions 15%, agricultural professions 11%. The success of rehabilitation is dependent on profession extent of resection, and other concomitant diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Vocational rehabilitation outcome in psychiatrically and mentally handicapped clients (1969/70--1977) (author's transl)].

Based on detailed statistical data--104 patients were studied--the article points out a success rate of 68% in connection with the vocational resettlement of psychiatric clients. The criteria used to determine success were at the time of discharge permanent employment in workshops for the disabled, competitive employment or part-time jobs. A follow-up study carried out about seven years later revealed a 39% success rate as regards the clients' stability in employment. These statistics demonstrate that of 37% rehabilitees who had formerly committed a criminal offence most probably only one percent was recidivious. Furthermore, the article reports on the methods considered to be causative factors for the therapeutic success: Adequate medicinal treatment, as well as an essential pre-requisite for rehabilitation, the creation of a therapeutic milieu. Also, particularly important for a lasting success is the continuing follow-up for which appropriate facilities, especially living accommodation, community living and homes must be provided.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Systematic correction procedures in vocational-skill training of severely retarded individuals.

Seventy severely retarded adults were taught a vocational assembly-skill task involving a difficult visual--motor discrimination. Comparisons of relative effects on trials-to-criterion were made among two types of verbal-correction procedures (general: "try another way" and specific: "flat side in") and three types of systematic physical-correction procedures (gesture, physical prompt, and repeated practice). Reliable differences in effects occurred only between the three systematic physical-correction procedures, with repeated practice the most effective, physical prompts next, and gestures the least effective. The results were interpreted as demonstrating the efficacy of trainer-related training procedures in relation to stimulus-related strategies, as well as relative efficacy among trainer-related correction procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Performance of three severely mentally retarded adults on vocational response chains during extinction.

The intrachain performance patterns of three severely retarded adults were analyzed under continuous reinforcement and extinction schedules. The three subjects performed a nine-step operant chain that required the placement of eight electrical components in a circuit board blank. The time to perform the entire chain and the time taken at each step of the chain were electronically monitored. A combined multiple-baseline, ABA reversal design was used. Reinforcers were delivered following completion of the chain during A phases and withheld during the B phase. Data indicated that overall chain performance was slower during extinction, and this effect was due primarily to reduced response speed on the early steps in the chain. Implications of these data for vocational habilitation of retarded adults were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Physical development and health status of students of the Vocational Mining School in Belchatów].

The paper was aimed at an evaluation of the physical development and health status of pupils of Vocational Mining School -- the future workers of the Brown Coal Mine and Power Station in Belchatów. The study covered 257 pupils aged 15 -- 19. The studies indicated that the physical development of the pupils examined is correct. In some of them the following deviations have been found: arterial hypertension, dental caries, decreased acuity of vision. In most cases the muscular force has been lowered. On the other hand, no pathologies of the respiratory system have been found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Vocational adjustment and survival on chronic hemodialysis.

The survival of 71 patients on chronic dialysis correlated positively with vocational rehabilitation. Employed patients (n = 47) survived longer (p less than 0.001) than unemployed (n = 24). Within the employed group, parttime workers (n = 23) lived longer (p less than 0.01) than fulltime workers (n = 24). Although patients on chronic dialysis appear to live longer if employed, fulltime employment may be excessively stressful in a patient population whose treatment makes large demands on the patient's time.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of two reinforcement strategies in vocational-skill training of mentally retarded persons.

While recommendations concerning reinforcement strategies in vocational training of retarded persons range from the use of minimal social reinforcement to the use of extra social and edible reinforcement, empirical comparisons of such strategies could not be found in the literature. Four experiments were conducted to compare minimal social reinforcement to social plus edible reinforcement while lower functioning retarded clients were taught assembly tasks of varying complexities. In all experiments, the extra reinforcement generally facilitated the learning of a task to criterion in terms of training time, number of trials, total number of errors, and the proportion of errors on learned steps. Moreover, a preference test showed that the majority of clients preferred the extra reinforcement condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Physical fitness of students of various vocational schools].

Average values of various anthropometric and physiologic indices have been obtained for a representative group of 485 pupils of vocational schools, aged 14-18. The mean values of height (almost 175 cm), weight (66 kg) and Vo2 max (3.25 lo2/min or 48.3 ml/kg x min. or 59.2 ml/kg FFB/min.) were somewhat higher than average product in terms of physical fitness. According to estimates for ergonomics, these investigations confirmed that Polish Anthropometric Standards could be applied to set up new workplaces using upper limits of these standards. The optimum level of average workload in the case of new workers is somewhat above 5.0 kcal/min. During pre-employment and periodical medical examinations of juveniles we can use Vitalograph spirometer because predicted values of VFC and FEV1.0 for this spirometer have been calculated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Time and money for vocational rehabilitation of clients with mild, moderate, and severe mental retardation.

Mildly, moderately, and severely mentally retarded vocational rehabilitation clients comprised a random national sample of 600 clients. One-half of the sample had been closed (services completed) "rehabilitated", and half had been closed "nonrehabilitated." Variables selected for analyses were time in referral, training, and rehabilitation process; dollars in evaluation, facilities, all services, and earnings. Rehabilitated clients tended to require more time in referral, less moneys for extended evaluation and rehabilitation facilities, and earned more per week than the nonrehabilitated clients. Severely mentally retarded clients required more time in training and higher costs for extended evaluation, rehabilitation facilities, and all services than the moderately or mildly retarded groups. A consistent interaction across five variables indicated that the greatest amounts of service in time and money went to the nonrehabilitated severely retarded group.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1977

Manipulation of stimulus features in vocational-skill training of severely retarded individuals.

Fifty-one severely retarded adults were taught a difficult visual discrimination in an assembly task by one of three training techniques: (a) adding and reducing large cue differences on the relevant-shape dimension; (b) adding and fading a redundant-color dimension; or (c) a combination of the two techniques. There were significant differences between training conditions in both trials- and errors-to-criterion performance. These were attributed to differential establishment of stimulus control in the first phase of training, with the combined procedure being the most effective, the color coding/fading next, and the relevant-dimension cue-disparity method the least powerful. These results demonstrated that substantial differences may exist in the efficacy of various vocational-skill training procedures involving manipulation of stimulus features.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Socioeconomic reality: the context in which vocational and professional guidance have to deal with].

In this work we describe and analyze today's Latin American occupational reality, according to the world economical context we live in. We mention up-to-date data about employment and unemployment rates, from different countries of Latin America, Europe, and also from Japan. Besides that we have taken into account the technological development and the demographic growth, as essential variables in order to understand the labor phenomenon and its possible prospect, as well as the psychosociological consequences or unemployment. We also analyze the future of some professions. We think that all this information gathered from different sources, is essential to the professional who has to guide teen-agers at the time of the Ocupational-Vocational election. This is also necessary to all those who deal with Professional Guidance and with the Planning of Careers that have already been chosen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Disablement, invalidity and vocational rehabilitation after surgical treatment because of bronchial carcinoma (author's transl].

Results of vocational rehabilitation of 1033 patients, treated with surgery because of bronchial cancer are reported. We compared persons with and without a 5 year survival rate. Persons with a survival rate of five years showed the best results; 52% were reemployed for full time or part time on year after surgery, 30% of them at their former working place. Rehabilitation for a full time or only a part time job depends among other factors on the extent of resection. Persons with partial resection (61 %) have, compared with pneumonectomies (29%), a better chance of reemployment in a full time or part time job. Within the five postoperative years 44% of all patients got fit for work. An precipitant invalidisation is not advisable.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

[Assessment methods for vocational integration of disabled persons--from ERTOMIS methods to the IMBA information system].

The background for the development of actual assessments for evaluation of vocational integration of disabled people (i.e., EAM, IMBA) in Germany is described. Resulting perspectives for future procedural approaches are presented. So far, the EAM, Ertomis Assessment Method, approach has gained limited acceptance only. In light of WHO and European impulses, as well as the economic constraints at hand, it remains to be seen whether the IMBA information system will turn out a practical and problem-focussed tool. A critical review is done to provide constructive suggestions for further applications of IMBA.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed2004

Firing patterns of low-threshold trapezius motor units in feedback-controlled contractions and vocational motor activities.

The study aimed to examine firing patterns of low-threshold trapezius motor units, with attention given to motor unit recruitment threshold. Different motor tasks were explored: shoulder elevation, arm movement in typing, and the motor response to mental stress. Contraction amplitudes in the range from 1 to 10% of the surface electromyographic (SEMG) signal at maximal voluntary contraction (1-10% EMGmax) were studied, representing the range of trapezius muscle activity commonly observed in daily living. Single motor unit activity was recorded by a quadrifilar fine-wire electrode. A surface electrode simultaneously recorded the SEMG signal. Low-threshold motor units showed a small increase in mean firing rate, from 10.5 to 12.5 pulses per second ( p<0.01), in constant-amplitude contractions when SEMG amplitude increased from <2% to >4% EMGmax. After the first few minutes, firing rates were similar for all motor units in a contraction, despite different recruitment thresholds. Firing rates of motor units with threshold <2% EMGmax were the same in constant-amplitude contractions, contractions with vocational arm movement, and contractions with imposed stress for SEMG amplitude at the same level. High-frequency firing patterns were observed in dynamic contractions, limited to bursts of up to a second duration. We conclude that low-threshold trapezius motor units have similar, stable firing rates in sustained contractions, independent of task and recruitment threshold, but with a small increase for increasing contraction amplitude.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2004

Effects of vocationally oriented medical rehabilitation for aircraft maintenance personnel--a preliminary study of long-term effects with 5-year follow-up.

Changes in the physical capacity, musculoskeletal symptoms, and perceived work ability of Finnish Air Force maintenance personnel were studied after vocationally oriented medical rehabilitation (VOMR). Twenty persons with chronic musculoskeletal symptoms in their back or neck took part in VOMR courses. The measurements were carried out at the beginning of the rehabilitation course and after two follow-up periods (0.5 and 5 years). The subjects worked most of the time in a bent position and often with their backs twisted and their arms above their shoulders. The severity of low-back pain and the number of days of sick leave decreased significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) during the 5-years follow-up. Also the exercise breaks at work increased (p < 0.01). After half a year of medical rehabilitation the measured range of the cervical spine and the dynamic and endurance strength of the upper and lower extremities was greater (p < 0.05-0.001) than at the beginning of the rehabilitation. There were no statistically significant differences in the use of physical therapy, experienced work strain, physical exercise or maximal oxygen consumption during the follow-up. This is a preliminary follow-up study lasting 5 years showed some significant changes in physical capacity, musculoskeletal symptoms and work ability. However, controlled studies are needed to evaluate these preliminary findings of this kind of rehabilitation model.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Comprehensive validation of competencies for dental vocational training and general professional training.

This paper outlines a study designed to validate competencies for dental vocational training (DVT) and general professional training (GPT) in order to ensure their accuracy and acceptability. A highly inclusive approach is described whereby all trainers in Scotland were invited to participate in the exercise. The 168 individuals recruited were drawn from all branches of the dental services and all regions in Scotland. Using online or paper questionnaires, quantitative and qualitative data were collected for each competency statement over 9 months, after which focus groups discussed and decided which changes should be made. A high response rate was observed and from the 160 competencies originally identified, almost half (47.5%) were redrafted as a direct result of the validation process. Sections of the competency document that required most attention are discussed, as are the nature of changes made to the competencies. As a result of this study, a fully validated competency document for DVT and GPT has been produced and will allow a high degree of standardization of training through the provision of essential consistent information to trainers and VDPs.

Clinical Competence↗