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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Bovine vitamin A and beta-carotene intake and lactational status. 1. Responsiveness of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes to vitamin A and beta-carotene challenge in vitro.

Dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene were assessed on their interaction with lactational status to influence neutrophil function in vitro. Cows were fed 1) 53,000 IU or 2) 213,000 IU vitamin A, or 3) 53,000 IU vitamin A plus 400 mg beta-carotene/cow per d from 6 wk before to 2 wk after dry off. Blood neutrophils were isolated the day of dry off and 2 wk after dry off and incubated with retinol, retinoic acid, or beta-carotene. Phagocytosis and kill of Staphylococcus aureus were measured. Across all treatments, kill was higher after dry off than before dry off. Phagocytosis tended to be lower after dry off than before in cows fed vitamin A only. In vitro, 10(-6) M beta-carotene stimulated phagocytosis after dry off and kill before dry off in cows fed vitamin A only. In general, retinol and retinoic acid suppressed phagocytosis but did not affect kill. Neutrophils from cows fed high amounts of vitamin A were more susceptible to in vitro suppression than those from cows fed adequate amounts of vitamin A. Therefore, vitamin A and beta-carotene supplementation interacts with lactational status to influence the responsiveness of bovine neutrophils to vitamin challenge in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Bovine vitamin A and beta-carotene intake and lactational status. 2. Responsiveness of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes to vitamin A and beta-carotene challenge in vitro.

The interaction of dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene with lactational status on the in vitro proliferation of mitogen-induced peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied. Cows were fed (IU/cow per d) 1) 53,000 IU vitamin A, 2) 213,000 IU vitamin A, or 3) 53,000 IU vitamin A plus 400 mg beta-carotene from 6 wk before to 2 wk after dry off. Lymphocytes were incubated with retinol, retinoic acid, or beta-carotene. Concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis was inhibited by 10(-6) M retinol and 10(-8) M retinoic acid in cows fed 53,000 IU vitamin A before dry off. In contrast, 10(-7) M retinol and 10(-7) M retinoic acid stimulated Concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis for cows fed vitamin A plus beta-carotene before dry off. After dry off, retinol and retinoic acid did not affect Concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis in all treatment groups. In vitro, 10(-5) M beta-carotene inhibited Concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis before and after dry off in all treatment groups. Blastogenesis in the absence of mitogen stimulation or induced by lipopolysaccharide was inhibited by all vitamins before and after dry off in all treatment groups. These data indicate that vitamin A and beta-carotene supplementation interact with lactational status to influence the responsiveness of bovine blood lymphocytes to vitamin challenge in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Oral vitamin K lowers the international normalized ratio more rapidly than subcutaneous vitamin K in the treatment of warfarin-associated coagulopathy. A randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Excessive anticoagulation due to warfarin use is associated with hemorrhage. Subcutaneously administered vitamin K has not been evaluated for the treatment of warfarin-associated coagulopathy, yet it is widely used. OBJECTIVE: To show that oral vitamin K is more effective than subcutaneous vitamin K in the treatment of warfarin-associated coagulopathy. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Two teaching hospitals. PATIENTS: Patients with an international normalized ratio (INR) between 4.5 and 10.0. INTERVENTION: Warfarin therapy was withheld, and 1 mg of vitamin K was given orally or subcutaneously. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome measure was the INR on the day after administration of vitamin K. Secondary outcome measures were hemorrhage and thrombosis during a 1-month follow-up period. RESULTS: 15 of 26 patients receiving oral vitamin K and 6 of 25 patients receiving subcutaneous vitamin K had therapeutic INRs on the day after study drug administration (P = 0.015; odds ratio, 4.32 [95% CI, 1.13 to 17.44]). CONCLUSION: Oral vitamin K lowers INR more rapidly than subcutaneous vitamin K in asymptomatic patients who have supratherapeutic INR values while receiving warfarin.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Apoptosis-inducing activity of vitamin C and vitamin K.

Apoptosis-inducing activity of vitamins C and K and of their analogs are reviewed. Vitamin C shows both reducing and oxidizing activities, depending on the environment in which this vitamin is present. Higher concentrations of vitamin C induce apoptotic cell death in various tumor cell lines including oral squamous cell carcinoma and salivary gland tumor cell lines, possibly via its prooxidant action. The apoptosis-inducing activity of ascorbate is stimulated by Cu2+, lignin and ion chelator, and inhibited by catalase, Fe3+, Co2+ and saliva. On the other hand, at lower concentrations, ascorbic acid displays an antioxidant property, preventing the spontaneous and stress or antitumor agent-induced apoptosis. Sodium 5,6-benzylidene-L-ascorbate, intravenous administration of which induces degeneration of human inoperable tumors and rat hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo, induces apoptotic or non-apoptotic cell death, depending on the types of target cells. On the other hand, elevation of intracellular concentration of ascorbic acid by treatment with ascorbate 2-phosphate or dehydroascorbic acid makes the cells resistant to the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Vitamin K2, which has a geranylgeranyl group as a side chain,and vitamin K3 induces apoptosis of various cultured cells including osteoclasts and osteoblasts, by elevating peroxide and superoxide radicals. Synergistic apoptosis-inducing actions have been found between vitamins C and K, and between these vitamins and antiproliferative agents. The possible therapeutic application of these vitamins is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synergistic cytotoxic action of vitamin C and vitamin K3.

We investigated the combination effect of sodium ascorbate (vitamin C) and menadione (vitamin K3) on the viability of various cultured cells. Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2, HSC-3) and human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells were more sensitive to these vitamins as compared to normal cells (human gingival fibroblast HGF, human periodontal ligament fibroblast HPLF, human pulp cell HPC). The combination of vitamin C and vitamin K3 produced synergistic cytotoxicity against all these 6 cell lines. Treatment with vitamin C or vitamin K3, or their combination, induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation only in HL-60 cells, but not in the oral tumor cell lines (HSC-2, HSC-3, HSG). ESR spectroscopy showed that vitamins C and K3 produce radicals under alkaline conditions and that the combination of these two vitamins synergistically enhanced their respective radical intensities.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2002

B vitamins, vitamin C and hematological measurements in overweight and obese Thais in Bangkok.

The dynamic changes of socio-economics leading to the industrialisation of countries are known to affect lifestyle and nutritional behaviours of the population. Review of the literature on the prevalence of obesity showed increasing numbers of the overweight and obese during the past decade. However, information on health and nutritional status of the obese in Thailand has not been widely publicized. This study reveals the vitamin status and hematological picture in 270 overweight and obese Thais in Bangkok, Thailand, compared with 175 normal subjects. No statistically significant differences in haemoglobin and hematocrit were observed in the overweight compared with the control subjects. The prevalence of anaemia was 9.8 per cent among male and 17.2 per cent among female overweight and obese subjects compared with 2.6 per cent and 21.2 per cent in male and female normal controls using the cut-off point of haemoglobin concentration as an indicator of anaemia. Prevalence of hypertension was exhibited in both male and female overweight and obese subjects. Even if there were no statistically significant differences in vitamin B1, B2 and B6 in overweight and obese subjects compared with the controls, high percentages of vitamin C and vitamin B2 deficiencies were observed. Vitamin B2 deficiency was detected in 19.7 per cent of overweight and obese males as well as in 28.7 per cent of overweight and obese females using glutathione reductase activity coefficient (alpha EGR) < 1.5 as the cut-off point. However, clinical signs of vitamin B2 deficiencies were rare. There was also a high percentage of vitamin C (antioxidant vitamin) deficiency in 51.5 per cent of the overweight and obese subjects and 41.7 per cent of the controls, respectively. The results suggest more attention should be paid to health study and nutritional problems for the overweight and obese population, especially concerning vitamins and oxidative stress. Further research is still needed in these aspects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Nutrition and health--vitamins and vitamin supplements].

A balanced diet based on the Guidelines of the Netherlands Nutrition Centre provides a suitable basis for the maintenance of good health. However, there are a number of situations where supplementation with vitamins is clearly indicated. These include infants (vitamin A, D and K), young children, and pregnant and lactating women (vitamin D), future expectant mothers (folic acid) and the elderly (vitamin D). If doubts exist about a sufficient vitamin intake via the regular diet, a daily supplement supplying all vitamins at the level of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) is considered to be a responsible and safe choice. Epidemiological research indicates that the incidence of certain diseases is lower if the intake of vitamins is significantly higher than the RDA. However to date, targeted intervention studies have provided little unequivocal evidence to support this argument. For certain vitamins (A, D, folic acid, B6, nicotinic acid and beta-carotene) excessive intakes are associated with a health risk or clear toxicity. In the case of vitamin B6, nicotinic acid, folic acid and beta-carotene this risk is mainly limited to the use of high-dose supplements.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc with laryngeal cancer.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of the cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and larynx in different population groups of India is amongst the highest reported in Asian countries. There is evidence that high dietary carotenoids and vitamin C may possibly decrease the risk of laryngeal cancer. Limited data is available from India on the association between these micronutrients and the risk of laryngeal cancer. AIMS: To assess the levels of vitamin A, vitamin C and zinc in laryngeal cancer patients and healthy controls. SETTING AND DESIGN: A hospital based case- control study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty five laryngeal cancer patients and a control group of 155 healthy individuals constituted the study population. Individuals in the control group were individually matched with the patients for their age +/- 2 years, sex and place of residence. Venous blood was drawn from the cases and controls and estimations of vitamin A, zinc and vitamin C was done utilizing the standard procedures. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Paired 't' test to compare the mean serum levels of vitamin A and zinc and plasma vitamin C between laryngeal cancer patients and controls. Univariate logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds ratios and the confidence intervals. RESULTS: The mean serum vitamin A, zinc and plasma vitamin C levels were significantly lower in laryngeal cancer patients as compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study indicated a strong association of these micronutrients with laryngeal cancer in the Indian population.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Association of the vitamin D receptor gene start codon polymorphism with vitamin D deficiency rickets].

OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D deficiency rickets often causes growth retardation, impaired bone formation and hypocalcemia in children. It is well known that rickets is mainly caused by vitamin D deficiency, but whether there is hereditary susceptibility of children to develop vitamin D deficiency rickets is unknown. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has been used as one of genetic markers in studying the metabolic diseases of bone. The present study aimed to explore the hereditary susceptibility of children to develop rickets through studying the association between VDR gene start codon polymorphism and vitamin D deficiency rickets, METHODS: The subjects were selected from Kunming city, every subject was of Han ethnic group. The subjects were composed of two groups, the patient group consisted of 48 children with active vitamin D deficiency rickets which was diagnosed clinically and confirmed radiologically; the control group was composed of 92 normal children. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), DNA sequence analysis and genetic analysis methods were used. A restriction fragment length polymorphism in the start codon of VDR gene (FokI) was tested in both groups. RESULTS: VDR gene start codon polymorphism was tested successfully for every subject. Frequencies of FF, Ff and ff genotypes were 46%, 33% and 21% in the rickets group, and 22%, 52% and 26% in the control group, respectively. A significant difference was found in the frequency distribution of VDR genotype between two groups (chi(2) = 8.912, P = 0.012). In the patient group, Ff and ff genotypes were less common than control group, but the FF genotype was more common than control group (OR = 3.046), indicating that FF genotype may be significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency rickets. Moreover, VDR allele frequencies of FokI polymorphism also showed significant difference between the two groups (chi(2) = 5.451, P = 0.020), F alleles were more common in patient group than in control group. DNA sequence analysis identified that the start codon of F allele was mutated from ATG to ACG. CONCLUSION: There is an association between VDR gene start codon polymorphism and vitamin D deficiency rickets. This study suggested the possibility that VDR gene polymorphism might be important in determining an individual's susceptibility to development of vitamin D deficiency rickets.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

The effects of vitamin A, beta-carotene and canthaxanthin on vitamin A metabolism and immune responses in the chick.

Chicks were fed diets containing, 0, 0.85 and 350 mg/kg vitamin A and 1 g/kg beta-carotene or canthaxanthin from hatching. Carotene increased and canthaxanthin depressed plasma and hepatic vitamin A concentrations. High vitamin A levels decreased the concentration of both carotenoids. Neither carotene nor canthaxanthin affected intestinal carotene cleavage in vitro. T-lymphocyte proliferative responses were decreased at low vitamin A intakes and enhanced at the high vitamin A intake. Carotene and canthaxanthin fed with 0.85 mg/kg vitamin A had no effect on immune response and with 350 mg/kg vitamin A prevented the enhancement of the proliferative response. It is concluded that immune response in the chick is modulated by vitamin A; carotene and canthaxanthin effects are probably due to influences on vitamin A metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Dietary assessment of maternal vitamin D intake and correlation with maternal and neonatal serum vitamin D concentrations at delivery.

Maternal and cord blood 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations are positively and significantly correlated. If an easily obtainable maternal dietary history could be used to predict maternal and secondarily cord blood vitamin D status, it would be a useful means of assessing the vitamin D adequacy of the newborn. Therefore, a single assessment of maternal dietary vitamin D intake during the last trimester of pregnancy was correlated with maternal and newborn serum vitamin D concentration. Neither the correlation between maternal dietary history of vitamin D intake and maternal serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level nor between maternal dietary history and cord blood 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was significant. These data indicate that a single maternal dietary history is an inadequate method of predicting neonatal vitamin status at delivery.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1986

Folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 binding proteins in patients with neuroblastoma.

Serum vitamin B12, serum and red cell folate and serum vitamin B12 binding proteins were determined in 18 patients with neuroblastoma, with ages ranging from 8 months to 14 years. A mean value of serum vitamin B12 level was slightly but not significantly lower than that of the normal subjects but all of them had serum vitamin B12 levels over 150 pg/ml. There was no relationship between serum vitamin B12 levels and hemoglobin, hematocrit or white cells. Transcobalamin I (TCI) was significantly increased resulting in slightly elevated UBBC and normal TBBC levels in these patients. This could be a compensatory mechanism for the low serum vitamin B12 by increasing the unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity of TCI. All these findings indicated that the status of vitamin B12 in patients with neuroblastoma was within the normal limits. Treatment of neuroblastoma by giving a high dose of vitamin B12 would therefore not give any direct therapeutic effect. Both serum and red cell folate concentrations were significantly lower in the group of patients. As only 2 out of 18 patients had low serum folate and none of them had red cell folate lower than the lower limit of normal subjects; therefore these patients were only in the state of negative folate balance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The effect of different vitamin D treatments on serum vitamin D levels in early postmenopausal women.

The effects of vitamin D3 and 1,25 (OH)2D3 or l alpha-OHD3 on vitamin D metabolism were studied in a 12 month placebo controlled clinical study. 29 healthy women in their early menopause were randomized for treatment with either vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day, or 1,25(OH)2D3/l alpha-OHD3(0.25 micrograms/day), or placebo for 12 months. All participants were given a calcium supplement of 0.5 g/day throughout the study. Serum and urinary calcium increased in both vitamin D groups, whereas the posttreatment values in the placebo group were exactly the same as before treatment. Changes in the vitamin D metabolites only occurred in the vitamin D3 group, where 24,25(OH)2D and 25OHD3 were significantly increased, whereas the serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D was unchanged. In the 1,25(OH)2D3/l alpha-OHD3 group no change in the serum vitamin D was found. The present data indicate that 1,25(OH)2D is subject to a tight feedback regulation; that 1,25(OH)2D is not the only vitamin D metabolite responsible for calcium absorption from the gut, and that 1,25(OH)2D given in physiological doses does not alter the metabolism of the other vitamin D metabolites.

Calcitriol↗
PubMed1981

[New findings on the metabolism and importance of the D vitamins, with special reference to the use of vitamin D].

Animal-experimental examinations show that the peroral or intramuscular application of a high dose of vitamin D2 or of D3 leads to a toxic effect of these compounds on the osteocytes and that the hypercalcaemia evoked by this is mainly to be traced back to an increased deliberation of calcium from the bones. After application of a larger dose of vitamin D the activation mechanism in the liver and in the kidneys is much inhibited for several weeks so that no formation of 1,25-hydroxy-vitamin-D takes place; consequently, no furthering effect on the mineralisation of the bones is performed. Therefore, it is recommended to use physiological doses in the prevention of rachitis (500-1,000 IU a day). During the pregnancy the activity of the enzymes which participate in the activation of the D-vitamins increases in the liver and the kidneys. The kidneys of the fetuses are able to form 1,25-hydroxy-vitamin-D. Vitamin D and 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D transgress through the placenta into the fetuses. Due to the adaptation mentioned and the increased formation of 1,25-hydroxy-vitamin-D the absorption of calcium and phosphate increases during pregnancy. Recent pathobiochemical knowledge concerning the metabolism of the D-vitamins in several diseases are described.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1994

Renal and intestinal calcium transport: roles of vitamin D and vitamin D-dependent calcium binding proteins.

A model has been presented here for vitamin D-dependent Ca transport, based on observations of the intestinal Ca absorption process. In this model of vitamin D-dependent Ca transport, processes that occur in different areas of the intestinal epithelial cell combine to result in active transport of Ca2+ from the intestinal lumen to the bloodstream. At the brush-border membrane, 1,25(OH)2D3 causes a rapid opening of Ca2+ channels and transport of Ca2+ into the cell in a matter of seconds to minutes by a process that is independent of gene transcription. Inside the cell, 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulates transcription of the CaBP-D9k/28k mRNA and protein in 1 or more hours after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. The CaBP-D9k/28k has greater affinity for Ca2+ than do the brush-border membrane components, so Ca2+ movement through the cytosol is facilitated, with Ca2+ carried by CaBP-D9k/28k. At the BLM, 1,25(OH)2D3 causes an increase in concentration of the PMCA, and stimulates Ca(2+)-pumping activity. The PMCA has still greater affinity for Ca2+ than does the CaBP-D9k/28k. The combination of these vitamin D-dependent events results in active transport of Ca across the intestinal epithelia. Vitamin D sufficiency is necessary for this response to vitamin D treatment. This model may apply to renal DT cells as well as to intestinal absorptive cells. Vitamin D-regulated factors that are involved in vitamin D-dependent active Ca transport and are present in both renal DT and intestinal epithelial cells include VDR, CaBP-D9k/28k and the PMCA. The PMCA is localized to the BLM in both cell types. Both kidney and intestine respond similarly to changes in vitamin D, Ca, or P status. The many similarities between renal DT cells and intestinal epithelia strongly support the application of this model for vitamin D-dependent Ca transport in both tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy aspects of synergistic antitumor activity of vitamin C - vitamin K3 combinations against human prostatic carcinoma cells.

A MTT/formazan assay was used to evaluate the antitumor activity of vitamin C (Vit C), vitamin K3 (Vit K3), or vitamin C:vitamin K3 combinations against a human prostatic carcinoma cell line (DU145). Both Vit C and Vit K3 alone exhibited antitumor activity, but only at elevated doses. When Vit C and Vit K3 were combined at a C:K3 ratio of 100:1 and administered to the carcinoma cells, the 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CD50) of the vitamins decreased 10- to 60-fold. Subsequently, the DU145 cells were examined with transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) following a 1 hour treatment with Vit C, Vit K3, or Vit C/K3 combined at their 50% cytotoxic dose. Our morphological data suggest that vitamin treatment with individual vitamins affects the cytoskeleton, the mitochondria, and other membranous components of the cell. Treatment with the vitamin combination appears to potentiate the effects of the individual vitamin treatment. Specifically, there are abundant necrotic cells. The surviving cells display morphological defects characteristic of cell injury.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1996

Vitamin D prophylaxis in children with a single dose of 150000 IU of vitamin D.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of a single oral dose of 150,000 IU of vitamin D2 at the beginning of autumn for preventing winter vitamin D deficiency in children in Ushuaia (55 degrees S). DESIGN: The study was prospective. SUBJECTS: 79 children clinically healthy with 8.6 +/- 1.4 y of age (X +/- s.d.). INTERVENTIONS: Fasting serum venous samples and 2 h urine samples were obtained immediately before and 6 w and 5 mon after the vitamin D dose. Parents informed consent was obtained previous to the study. In a subgroup of 30 children serum levels of calcium (sCa), phosphorus (sP), total alkaline phosphatase (TAP), 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the urine calcium/creatinine ratio in a 2 h urine sample (UCa/UCreat) were measured. In the whole group sCa and the ratio uCa/ucreat were measured. RESULTS: After 150,000 IU of vitamin D2 administration, serum 25 OHD levels at the end of winter (17.0 +/- 9.4 ng/ml) were similar to those at the beginning of autumn (18.7 +/- 10.7 ng/ml), but significantly higher from those obtained in a previous study without vitamin D (9.8 +/- 3.8 ng/ml, P < 0.001). PTH levels were higher at the end of winter (P < 0.02), but this augmentation was lower than the increment observed without vitamin D. Plasma calcium levels and the urine calcium/creatinine ratio were lower at 5 months after vitamin D2 dose (P < 0.02 and P < 0.05 respectively). In the total group the serum calcium was lower after the fifth month (P < 0.05). The Uca/Ucreat ratio was lower at 6 w and 5 mon (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A single dose of 150,000 IU of vitamin D maintained appropriate levels of 25 OHD without inducing hypercalcemia nor hypercalciuria, but a winter increment of PTH (smaller than in the group without vitamin D) was not inhibited.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2002

Improvement of vitamin K status of breastfeeding infants with maternal supplement of vitamin K2 (MK40).

The present study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy of maternal vitamin K2 supplementation on the vitamin K status of newborn infants using the measurement of des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (PIVKA-II [protein induced by vitamin K absence]) and the hepaplastin test (HPT). PIVKA-II and HPT were measured at the 1st month of age in two groups: 31 infants with maternal vitamin K supplementation (15 mg/d Menatetrenone since the 14th day after parturition) (group 1) and 46 without maternal supplementation (group 2). All infants received vitamin K2 syrup twice within the 1st week of life. The PIVKA-II levels of 31 infants (group 1) were 23.6 mAU/mL (standard deviation [SD] 5.8), showing extremely low levels, and close to healthy adult levels, with a smaller deviation than what was seen in group 2. The levels of the 46 infants in group 2 were 27.8 (SD 16.0). This does not differ significantly from group 1, but a small number of infants showed a modestly high level in PIVKA-II. There also was no significant difference between the two groups in the HPT. These data would indicate that maternal vitamin K supplementation can maintain the vitamin K status throughout the late neonatal period and prevent an onset of vitamin K-deficient hemorrhage.

Biomarkers↗