Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Trace Elements”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical implications of trace elements in endocrinology.

The implications of essential trace elements in endocrinological processes, mainly thyroid function, growth, gonadal function, adrenal hormones, prolactin, glucose homeostasis, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, and thymulin activity, are reviewed. Most concerned elements in this field include iodine, zinc, selenium, copper, chromium, manganese and vanadium. The minerals are powerful modulators of several physiological functions that can be considerably perturbed in deficiency states. The resulting biochemical and clinical modifications can be prevented and/or corrected by adequate supplementation. Sometimes, however, they act like pharmacological agents when their beneficial effects are not the result of a correction of a nutritional deficiency state. Their potentialities as therapeutic agents are perfectly described in many cases, but some indications deserve further investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Determination of trace elements in the hair: significance and limitations].

Trace elements analysis in hair is sometimes used by clinician for a diagnosis of nutritional deficiency. Hair contents are supposed to reflect the elements status on an extended period. Hair may be contaminated by environment and its mineral composition may be modified in the different steps of the analytical process. Experiments in well known physiological conditions show a wide variability of the analytical results. These results are poorly correlated to the nutritional status so their interpretation is difficult. An epidemiological use of samples obtained from a wide population may provide worthwhile informations to the clinician. It is necessary to be very careful interpreting results coming from isolated samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Vitamin and trace element status in premenstrual syndrome.

Nutritional and trace element status as measured by plasma concentrations of magnesium, zinc, retinol (vitamin A), and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and the activities of red cell enzymes dependent on thiamin and pyridoxine (vitamin B-6) were determined in 38 women suffering premenstrual syndrome and in 23 control subjects. Blood samples were collected in the premenstrual and in midfollicular phase. Diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome was based on accepted retrospective criteria and on prospective symptom reports collected over three menstrual cycles. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that premenstrual symptoms are caused by absolute or relative nutritional deficiencies.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Some aspects of specimen collection and stability in trace element analysis of body fluids.

Analyses for trace elements in biological fluids are uniquely susceptible to extreme errors unless special precautions are taken during collection, storage, and analysis. The integrity of the specimen may be compromised before it is analyzed, by contamination during collection and processing or by attenuation of the analyte concentration during storage. If this happens, determined values are not valid even though the method of analysis is extremely sensitive and highly accurate. Obstacles to obtaining precise and accurate analytical data arising from these factors are discussed. We consider control procedures applicable at all stages for ascertaining the sources of error and eliminating them.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1996

[Role of essential trace elements on sexual function and its disorder].

Recent reports on the role of trace elements in human reproductive potential were summarized. Zn has been known as an important element in male sexual function, and works as key element in several seminal reactions. Se, Fe, and Cu are also essential for male fertility. Intracellular Ca play an important role in many reactions such as sperm motility, acrosome reaction, capacitation, etc. Our data on 13 elements in semen samples from 110 male patients of infertile couples were also described; 1) element concentrations were Na > P, K > Ca > Zn > Mg > Fe > Cu > Se >> Sn, Ni, Co, Cd, 2) Correlation between Se concentration and sperm concentration (r = 0.589, p < 0.001), where Se contents in spermatozoa showed very high correlation (r = 0.886), 3) Zn in semen were not correlated with sperm parameters, but were correlated with concentrations of Mg (r = 0.903), K (r = 0.810), and Ca (r = 0.715). There has been few information on the role of trace elements in female sexual function.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Trace element pollution records in some UK lake sediments, their history, influence factors and regional differences.

Sediment cores were taken from six sites across the UK. Apart from Banbury Reservoir in London, all the other sites are relatively remote lakes. Trace elements Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sn, As and V, major elements such as Fe, Mn, Ti and Al were analysed, and organic content measured as loss-on-ignition was determined in all of these cores. The result shows that these relatively remote sites have experienced enhanced atmospheric deposition of anthropogenically derived trace elements for over 100 years, and the contamination might start before industrialisation. Trace metal contamination remains the highest level at Banbury Reservoir showing "pollution source" influence. Despite the considerable reduction in atmospheric deposition in recent years, although some of the element concentrations in the surface sediments have declined, they are still much higher than their natural background values. In these sites, trace element pollution records have been influenced by many different factors. Redox condition could affect As distribution in the sediments. Sediment matrix could also affect trace element pollution signal. Apart from direct atmospheric deposition, the distributions of trace elements in the sediments have been affected by forestry activities and catchment erosion, and more contaminated soil in-wash could increase sediment pollution whilst less contaminated soil could dilute sediment pollution. In some sites, data suggest that catchment in-wash is an important source of elements for the lakes.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1994

Trace element contents in food determined by neutron activation analysis and other techniques.

Advances in analytical methodology and sophisticated instrumentation introduced during the last few decades have not only helped to recognize the presence of a large number of essential and toxic trace elements in biological materials and food stuffs, but also added a new dimension in our understanding of their role in health and disease. In deficiency states, most essential trace elements cause health problems. The trace element problem as a public health issue has a very low priority in developing countries. Daily dietary intake data based on well-conducted studies are limited in many parts of the world. The present authors are in the process of generating data for the intake levels of a number of major and minor inorganic elements both in developed and developing countries. The results so far obtained show wide variations. The intake levels of several elements, including potassium, magnesium, zinc, copper, and selenium, are below the current recommended levels. The concentration of toxic metals, such as aluminum, cadmium, lead, and mercury, are within acceptable limits in most of the diets analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of trace element, immunological markers, and HIV1 infection progression.

Trace elements (selenium, zinc, copper), beta 2 microglobulin levels, CD4, and CD8 cell counts have been determined in 80 HIV1 seropositive patients. The study group consisted of 19 females and 61 males with age mean of 35 +/- 10 yr, at stage IV of infection (CDC--Atlanta classification) and treated by AZT. No severe renal or liver diseases or hypoalbuminemia were observed in this group. Se values were significantly lower than in normal adults, 48.3 +/- 17 micrograms/L vs 71 +/- 12 micrograms/L; Zn was moderately diminished, 1 +/- 0.2 mg/L vs 1.2 +/- 0.2 mg/L, whereas copper values were in the normal range, 1.2 +/- 0.3 mg/L vs 1.1 +/- 0.5 mg/L. Se or Zn deficiency was found in 60 and 30 subjects, respectively. Blood Se and Zn decreases were associated in 23 patients. Moreover, all patients showed higher beta 2 microglobulin values than the upper normal limit of 2.4 mg/L. Negative correlations were found between Zn and beta 2 microglobulin (p < 0.005) and between Se and beta 2 microglobulin (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between Se and Zn values (p < 0.05). Nineteen subjects died 1 yr later (group I), and 61 remained alive (group II). With respect to the clinical evolution, a significant difference between both groups was found in Se and beta 2 microglobulin levels as well as in CD4 cell counts. The correlations previously observed persisted in group II, whereas no correlation was noted in group I. In addition, the patients of group one had significantly lower Se values, which were below 30 micrograms/L in 10 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Effect of trace elements found in coal fly ash, on lymphocyte blastogenesis.

To evaluate the potential health effects of coal fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion for electrical energy production, on the immune system, we studied the effects of trace elements found in fly ash on lymphocyte blastogenesis. Of the sixteen trace elements studied, seven inhibited lectin-induced lymphocyte division, six showed no inhibition and three produced inconsistent effects. The ranking of the toxicity of the elements is Mn, V, As (III), Cu, Cd, Se, and Be. Our data indicate that whole blood lectin-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis is a sensitive and reproducible test for in vitro screening of trace elements affecting the immune system.

Carbon↗
PubMed2001

[Study on the analysis of main and trace elements in phosphate rock by ICP-AES].

Through studying the analysis of main and trace elements in phosphate rock, a method is proposed to determine main and trace elements (total 9 elements) in phosphate rock by ICP-AES method with sample dissolved by HF-HClO4. Detected limit is 0.0024-0.36 microgram.mL-1 and RSD is 0.75%-2.57%. This method is suitable for analysis of phosphate rock.

Calcium↗
PubMed1977

[Routine comparison of trace element deficiencies during parenteral alimentation].

In 50 patients aged between 3 and 84 years treated in a multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit and receiving parenteral alimentation, deficiency in certain trace elements or electrolytes (Cu++, Zn++, Mn++, Co++, PO-4, Mg++) was prevented or treated by the administration of a glucose solution (MB 147 G) enriched in trace elements. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate, on the basis of assay of serum levels of the trace elements involved, with the exception of Mn and Co, the effectiveness of treatment. Reference values were determined on the one hand in healthy individuals for normal figures and secondly on subjects included in the study, already on parenteral alimentation for several days, before treatment with MB 147 G, in order to demonstrate the existence of a deficiency (patient control values). In the case of PO--4, however, the patient control values concerned at one and the same time subjects in the study before treatment with MB 147 G and other patients receiving parenteral alimentation who were not part of the trial. MB 147 G solution was presented in units of 500 ml associated with glucose of varying concentrations (15 p. 100, 30 p. 100, 50 p. 100). The average daily amount administered, over a period of 236 days, was 3 unites per 24 hours, corresponding to an intake of copper of 3.78 mg, 3.90 mg of zinc, 0.20 mg of manganese, 0.24 mg of cobalt, 363 mg of magnesium, 240 mg of calcium and 15 mEz of phosphates. The results show that levels of copper, zinc, magnesium and phosphates were low during parenteral alimentation. The administration of MB 147 G resulted in a significant increase in these values, without there being any evidence of accumulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Major and trace element concentration differences between the right and left hemispheres of the "normal' human brain.

The brain can be divided into many anatomical regions, and the minor and trace element distribution across these regions has been shown to be heterogeneous. The various functions of the brain such as memory and language have been associated with different brain regions, and attempts to correlate brain function with elemental composition have been made. Establishing "normal" concentration values is a complex task due to the variability of factors such as age, sex, dietary intake, environmental exposure, and smoking habits. In establishing the elemental concentration of a particular brain region, a mean value from the right and left hemispheres of different brains is often used. This is usually due to the lack of availability for analysis of the same brain regions from both hemispheres of one individual. However, it is known that the right and left hemispheres have different functions. Thus, it may be expected that they may have different trace element concentrations as well. In this study 13 brain regions were sampled from both hemispheres of six elderly individuals, and their major element composition was determined by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) analysis, whereas the minor and trace element concentrations were obtained by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Assessment of the trace element status of individuals and populations: the example of zinc and copper.

This paper describes the proceedings of a workshop that was convened at the 11th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals (TEMA-11) symposium to review recent advances concerning the assessment of the trace element status of individuals and populations, using zinc and copper as the primary examples to illustrate basic principles and recent advances in assessment methods. The workshop was initiated with a brief review of the importance of zinc nutriture for human health and a discussion of the likely common occurrence of zinc deficiency worldwide. This overview was followed by presentations on selected issues concerning the assessment of zinc status, with particular attention devoted to dietary assessment techniques, the use of isotopic tracers to assess zinc homeostasis and the relationship of these methods to biochemical indicators of zinc status. Because relatively little information is available on zinc toxicity, the discussion concerning the definition of excess intake of trace elements focused primarily on recent work concerning risk assessment of copper toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Comparison of serum concentrations of trace elements in healthy free-living and hospitalized oldest-old].

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine differences in concentration of trace elements in serum between healthy free-living and hospitalized oldest-old people aged > or = 85 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects were 33 healthy free-living oldest-olds (18 men, 15 women, aged 85-91 years, mean age: 87.3 +/- 1.7 years) selected at annual health examination and 40 hospitalized oldest-olds (14 men, 26 women, aged 85-92 years, mean age: 87.8 +/- 2.2 years). The serum concentrations of managanese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) (microgram/ml) were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and colorimetric method. Differences between groups for serum concentration of trace elements were assessed with the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated with reference to clinical examination data in the two groups. RESULTS: 1) The concentrations of Ca, Mg, P and Zn were significantly higher in the healthy free-living than in the hospitalized, especially in the P and Zn case. The Cu/Zn ratio was significantly lower in the healthy free-living. 2) The Zn concentration was positively correlated with the Ca concentration, and the P concentration with the total cholesterol level in both groups. Zn was one of the elements demonstrating good correlations with other parameter. Especially in the healthy free-living, the Zn concentration was high positively associated with the Fe concentration. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the serum concentrations of trace elements in the healthy free-living are higher than in the hospitalized oldest-old, especially in the P and Zn case.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Naturalized salmonid populations occur in the presence of elevated trace element concentrations and temperatures in the Firehole River, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.

We investigated the effects of geothermally influenced waters on the distribution of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown trout, Salmo trutta, in the Firehole River and its tributaries in Yellowstone National Park (WY, USA) from June 1997 to June 1998. Geothermal features in the Firehole River basin elevate mineral content and temperature in portions of the river and its tributaries. We found concentrations of boron and arsenic to be elevated in geothermally influenced areas compared with upstream sites. Boron concentrations occasionally exceeded 1,000 microg/L, a proposed limit for the protection of aquatic organisms. Arsenic concentrations occasionally exceeded 190 microg/L, the chronic ambient water quality criterion. Temperatures in geothermally influenced sites ranged up to 30 degrees C and were consistently 5 to 10 degrees C higher than upstream sites unaffected by geothermal inputs. Rainbow trout occurred at sites with elevated concentrations of boron, arsenic, and other trace elements and elevated water temperatures. Rainbow trout inhabited and spawned at sites with the most elevated trace element concentrations and temperatures; however, brown trout were absent from these sites. Water temperature may be the major factor determining brown trout distributions, but we cannot exclude the possibility that brown trout are more sensitive than rainbow trout to boron, arsenic, or other trace elements. Further investigations are needed to determine species-specific tolerances of boron, arsenic, and other trace elements among salmonids.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

Use of a food composition database to estimate daily dietary intake of nutrient or trace elements in Japan, with reference to its limitation.

Daily dietary intake of 28 trace elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V and Zn) were estimated from the food intake records (collected by the 24-h total food duplicate method), taking advantage of recently published trace element composition tables for foods in Japan. Because the number of food items listed in the tables was not sufficient, the calculation was made with not all foods recorded, and the results should be taken as semi-quantitative. The estimated intake was high (i.e. > 1 mg/day as a median) for Al, Cu, Mg, Mn, Si, Sr and Zn, medium (i.e. 2-985 micrograms/day) for As, B, Ba, Be, Cr, Ge, Mo, Ni, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn and Ti, and low (i.e. < 1 microgram/day) for Cd, Co, Li, Pb and V. Comparison of the present estimates with the reported values in the literature on 15 elements showed that close agreements were observed in the cases of 10 elements (i.e. Al, B, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn) for which the present estimates are above 1 microgram/day, whereas the discrepancies were significant for four elements (i.e. Cd, Co, Pb and V) with < 1 microgram/day intake. When the expected dietary uptake was compared with that by respiration in the cases of the 16 elements for which the atmospheric concentration data in Japan are available, the uptake was exclusively attributable to the dietary route for all 16 elements with the possible exception of vanadium.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Study of trace elements in blood of thyroid disorder subjects before and after 131I therapy.

Both trace elements and thyroid hormones play essential roles in the human body. However, the previous results about the interaction between these two factors are often controversially given. In order to make clear the influence of thyroid hormones on the homeostasis of trace elements, we studied the variation of Fe, Cu, and Zn in erythrocyte and serum from patients with hyperthyroidism before and after 131I therapy by the X-ray fluorescence method. The different thyroid statuses of the patients before and after the therapy were assayed by determining the levels of thyroid hormones. The results showed that the homeostasis of metal ions in both serum and erythrocyte could be more or less influenced by the altered thyroid hormones. The serum Cu and Zn exhibited the significantly positive correlation with triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Although the serum Cu and Zn differed significantly before and after the therapy, no difference was observed in the concentrations of Cu and Zn in erythrocyte, except that the erythrocyte Zn in the patients with hypothyroidism exhibited an obvious increase. Furthermore, the erythrocyte Zn showed a markedly negative correlation with T3.

Copper↗