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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Chlorotriazine reactive Azo red 120 textile dye induces micronuclei in fish.

The main objective of this work was to use micronucleus induction in fish erythrocytes to study the risk to aquatic ecosystems due to the genotoxicity of Chlorotriazine Reactive Azo Red 120 textile dye. The frequencies of micronuclei were studied for three low doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/L and blood sampling was carried out on the same fish after 3, 6, and 9 days. It was found that micronuclei increased not only in a dose-dependent manner but also in a time-dependent way, compared with negative (tap water) and positive (10 ppm benzene) control groups. There was also a slight, time-dependent increase in erythrocyte micronuclei of the control fish specimens. This study proved the genotoxicity of this dye, and suggests that further studies should be made on other dyes and some other toxic industrial pollutant discharges in water ecosystems, using fish as an indicator to monitor pollutant genotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The formation of a neo-intima in textile prostheses implanted in the aorta of rats and dogs.

The formation of a neo-intima in textile prostheses implanted in the rat and dog aorta was studied by means of light- and scanning electron microscopy. Two independent cellular layers (the superficial and deep ingrowth layers) developed on the free surface and under the fibrin layer initially deposited on the inner surface of the prostheses. The superficial ingrowth layer invades the prosthesis from both the proximal and distal aortic stumps and extends over the primary fibrin layer, or replaces it. This layer consists mainly of smooth muscle cells of the triangular aortic type covered by endothelial-like cells. The deep ingrowth layer originates from cellular elements of the prosthetic bed. Fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells invade the fibrin layer through the interstices of the fabric structure of the prosthesis. Precursors of endothelial cells, however, are absent from this population. The superficial and the deep ingrowth layers may become joined by progressive replacement of the fibrin layer, but remain distinguishable because of their different cellular components. When a continuous cellular layer is established on the inner surface of the prosthesis, and this is then covered by endothelial-like cells, the neo-intima formed remains stable during long-term studies.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

LC-MS/MS method for the confirmatory determination of aromatic amines and its application in textile analysis.

A confirmation method for the determination of 18 aromatic amines originating from azo dyes after reductive cleavage was developed. The method is based on the use of high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization. For the identification of the analytes one precursor ion and two daughter ions (multi-reaction monitoring, MRM) were selected and the LC-MS/MS parameters optimized to obtain high sensitivity and selectivity. The linear ranges varied from 0.1-1 to 30-50 microg mL(-1) with correlation coefficients of 0.99 or better. The applicability of the method to determine o-tolidine (3,3'-dimethylbenzidine) and 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine in textiles following reductive cleavage of acid red 114, trypan blue, and Chicago sky blue 6B was demonstrated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Azo-dye degradation in an anaerobic-aerobic treatment system operating on simulated textile effluent.

Decolorisation of azo dyes during biological effluent treatment can involve both adsorption to cell biomass and degradation by azo-bond reduction during anaerobic digestion. Degradation is expected to form aromatic amines, which may be toxic and recalcitrant to anaerobic treatment but degradable aerobically. Methods for the quantitative detection of substituted aromatic amines arising from azo-dye cleavage are complex. A simple qualitative method is suggested as a way in which to investigate whether decolorisation is actually due to degradation, and whether the amines generated are successfully removed by aerobic treatment. Samples from a combined anaerobic-aerobic system used for treating a simulated textile wastewater containing the reactive azo dye Procion Red H-E7B were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) methods. Anaerobic treatment gave significant decolorisation, and respiration-inhibition tests showed that the anaerobic effluent had an increased toxicity, suggesting azo-dye degradation. The HPLC method showed that more polar, UV-absorbing compounds had been generated. Aerobically, these compounds were removed or converted to highly polar compounds, as shown by HPLC analysis. Since the total organic nitrogen (TON) decreased aerobically as organic N-containing compounds were mineralised, aromatic amine degradation is suggested. Although only a simple qualitative HPLC method was used, colour removal, toxicity and TON removal all support its usefulness in analysing biotreatment of azo dyes.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1992

Chromatography of proteins on columns of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone using adsorbed textile dyes as affinity ligands.

A simple and inexpensive chromatography system for proteins is introduced. When the amino derivatives of chlorotriazine dyes or other azo dyes were added to an aqueous slurry of the crosslinked polymer polyvinylpolypyrrolidone they were adsorbed, thus forming an immobilized dye chromatographic matrix. The association of the textile dyes with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone did not prevent them from acting as affinity ligands for proteins. Parameters such as ionic strength, dye concentration, and column size modulated the affinity effect exerted by the immobilized dyes. Lysozyme present in an egg white protein mixture bound to a column onto which the amino derivative of Procion Brown H-A was adsorbed and was eluted with a linear gradient of KCl. The resulting purification of the enzyme was 37-fold with 80% of the original activity being recovered. Free dye eluting with the lysozyme was removed on a column of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone equilibrated with 0.5 M KCl. After chromatography, the dye column was regenerated with 0.5 M NaOH and recharged with dye. The system presented here allows one to initially screen large numbers of potentially useful protein ligands to optimize a protein separation, followed by scaleup to a system size determined by the user.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1994

A toxin from the venom of the predator snail Conus textile modulates ionic currents in Aplysia bursting pacemaker neuron.

Conus textile crude venom and a peptide component ('King Kong' toxin) purified from this venom, alter membrane excitability of Aplysia neurons. Venom, applied to the medium bathing an abdominal ganglion, changes dramatically the electrical activity of bursting pacemaker neuron. The effects on bursting neuron R15 was examined in current-clamp and voltage-clamp modes. A dual phase effect of both the venom and the purified toxin were observed. The first phase starts immediately after venom or toxin application and is observed as an increase in membrane excitability, resulting in an enhancement of bursting. The second phase begins about 15 min later and consists of a long-lasting hyperpolarization. The dual phase effect of the venom and the toxin persists even when synaptic input is eliminated either by axotomy, or by recording from freshly dissociated neurons or from neurons in primary cell culture. The ionic currents affected are an inward current, INSR, which is activated upon depolarization and an anomalously rectifying potassium current, IR, which is activated upon hyperpolarization. In the first phase of toxin action INSR is increased. In the second phase both the venom and the toxin block INSR and increase IR. The toxin effects may be due to complex alteration of one or more second messenger cascades rather than a direct action on ion channels.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Quantitative analysis of the surface morphology and textile structure of the polyurethane Vascugraft arterial prosthesis using image and statistical analyses.

The surface morphology and textile structure of the Vascugraft polyurethane arterial prosthesis were investigated. Novel methods of image analysis and the presentation of statistical data were used to obtain quantitative results of the surface morphology of the non-woven microfibrous structure of prostheses of three different sizes. These techniques have identified apparent differences in the distributions of thickness and orientation of the microfibres between the internal and external surfaces and between the three prostheses investigated.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1994

Assessment of the effect of the toxicity of a textile dye on Nostoc muscorum ISU, a diazotrophic cyanobacterium.

The impact of graded concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg dm(-3) of acid mordant Metomega Chrome Orange GL, a common dye used in woollen, carpet and textile industries, was studied on protein and pigment content and photosynthetic oxygen evolution in a diazotrophic cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum. The lower concentration of 5 mg dm(-3) showed a negligible effect on protein and pigment content and photosynthetic oxygen evolution, whereas at higher concentrations a drastic decrease in the above parameters was observed. The highest concentration of 20 mg dm(-3) resulted in a decrease of protein, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin and carotenoid content by 72, 76, 54 and 17% of the control, respectively. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution also decreased by 92% of the control at this concentration of the dye.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Mutagenic activity of some textile dyes in different test systems.

The Salmonella/microsome mammalian test, the micronucleus and the dominant lethal tests on mice were used to study mutagenic effects of three dyes widely used in the textile industry. Direct Black 19:1, Direct Red 81 and Acid Blue 62 increased the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of mice. Out of all dyes tested, only Direct Black 19:1 appeared to be an indirect mutagen inducing reverse mutations in two strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538 and TA 98. None of them produced dominant lethal mutations in germ cells of male mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Biochemical and gene expression analyses of conotoxins in Conus textile venom ducts.

Each Conus snail species produces 50-200 unique peptide-based conotoxins, derived from a number of different gene superfamilies. Conotoxins are synthesized and secreted in a long venom duct, but biochemical and molecular aspects of their biosynthesis remain poorly understood. Here, we analyzed expression patterns of conotoxin genes belonging to different superfamilies in Conus textile venom ducts. The results demonstrate that specific gene families are expressed in particular regions of the venom duct. Biochemical analysis using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed an even more localized accumulation of individual conotoxins. This study demonstrates for the first time that specialization of gene expression, processing, and secretion of conotoxins occurs in different regions of the venom duct.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Removal of dyes from colored textile wastewater by orange peel adsorbent: equilibrium and kinetic studies.

The use of low-cost and ecofriendly adsorbents has been investigated as an ideal alternative to the current expensive methods of removing dyes from wastewater. Orange peel was collected from the fields of orange trees in the north of Iran and converted into a low-cost adsorbent. This paper deals with the removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions by orange peel. Direct Red 23 (DR23) and Direct Red 80 (DR80) were used as model compounds. The adsorption capacity Q0 was 10.72 and 21.05 mg/g at initial pH 2. The effects of initial dye concentration (50, 75, 100, 125 mg/l), pH, mixing rate, contact time, and quantity of orange peel have been studied at 25 degrees C. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used for this study. It was found that the experimental results show that the Langmuir equation fit better than the Freundlich equation. The results indicate that acidic pH supported the adsorption of both dyes on the adsorbent. Orange peel with concentrations of 8 and 4 g/l has shown adsorption efficiencies of about 92 and 91% for DR23 and DR80, respectively. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics of both dyes was studied and the rates of sorption were found to conform to pseudo-second-order kinetics with a good correlation (R > or = 0.998). Maximum desorption of 97.7% for DR23 and 93% for DR80 were achieved in aqueous solution at pH 2. Finally, the effect of adsorbent surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images showed reasonable agreement with adsorption measurements.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Ventricular constraint in dilated cardiomyopathy: a new, compliant textile mesh exerts prophylactic and therapeutic properties.

BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with a progressive decrease in cardiac function, leading to end-stage heart failure. We aimed to stop this process by mechanically constraining the heart with a new, compliant textile mesh. METHODS: In 16 male Munich minipigs (50 +/- 7 kg), dilated cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure was induced through 4 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing (220 beats/min). In the early-mesh group (n = 8), a polyvinylidene fluoride mesh was positioned around both ventricles before pacing was started. In the other group (n = 8), experimental dilated cardiomyopathy through rapid pacing was induced (no mesh). After mesh grafting, rapid pacing was continued (late mesh). RESULTS: Rapid pacing in the no-mesh group (control group) significantly decreased both systolic (cardiac output, peak systolic pressure, and the derivative of pressure increase [dP/dt(max)]) and diastolic (minimum rate of pressure rise [dP/dt(min)] and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) variables, whereas these variables remained almost unchanged in the early-mesh group. In the late-mesh group the passive-elastic constraint not only prevented further deterioration but even exerted reverse remodeling to some extent (dP/dt(max) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Ventricular constraint with the new mesh seems to be a prophylactic and therapeutic option in cardiac insufficiency caused by ventricular dilation. This passive-elastic cardioplasty induced reverse remodeling of dilated hearts and significantly improved diastolic and systolic ventricular function.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Protein precipitation induced by a textile dye. Precipitation of human plasminogen in the presence of Procion Red HE3B.

It was demonstrated that human purified plasminogen was precipitated in the presence of the textile dye Procion Red HE3B. The amount of precipitated plasminogen was dependent upon the molar ratio between the dye and protein and seemed to be independent of the protein concentration. A certain amount of dye was coprecipitated with the protein; this was shown also to be related to the dye-to-protein molar ratio. The precipitation of plasminogen induced by the dye was shown to have a pH optimum and to involve ionic and hydrophobic interactions. Procedures were devised which enabled the recovery of precipitated plasminogen in a soluble and non-denatured form totally free from dye. However, the precipitation of plasminogen by Procion Red HE3B could not be used as a single-step purification procedure from a heterogeneous starting material like plasma because of coprecipitation of other proteins. Nevertheless it is suggested that frequently there is a chance that a given protein will be precipitated by a given dye and therefore that protein precipitation by dyes could be a useful complementary method for the purification of proteins.

Aminocaproic Acid↗
PubMed2000

Neural electrophysiological effect of crude venom of conus textile from the south China Sea.

In the present study, we characterized effects of the crude venom from Conus textile, a marine molluscivorous snail collected from the South China Sea, on neural electrophysiological activity in insect, molluscan and mammalian species. Our results demonstrate that the venom reversibly blocks the cholinergic synaptic transmission of cockroach Periplaneta americana central nervous system, partially blocks Na(+) currents in rat hippocampal CA(1) pyramidal neurons, and enhances the excitability and spontaneous activity of the giant neurons of garden snail Achatina fulica.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Contryphans from Conus textile venom ducts.

Contryphans are unusual Conus peptides which contain a distinctive post-translational modification, D-tryptophan or D-leucine. cDNA clones encoding new contryphans from the mollusc-hunting cone snail Conus textile were identified and the inferred mature peptides were synthesized: contryphan-Tx (Gly-Cys-Hyp-D-Trp-Gln-Pro-Tyr-Cys-NH(2)), Leu-contryphan-Tx (Cys-Val-D-Leu-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Cys-NH(2)) and contryphan R/Tx which is identical to contryphan-R [Jimenez et al., 1996. Contryphan is a D-tryptophan containing Conus peptide. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 28002-28005]. Leu-contryphan-Tx exhibits a single peak, but contryphan-Tx shows two peaks under reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography conditions. Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy demonstrates a difference in the D-tryptophan dihedral angle for the two contryphan-Tx equilibrium conformers. Both the sequences and in vivo effects of all contryphans isolated suggest that there are two major branches of the contryphan family.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Comparative studies of the Fe3+/2+-UV, H2O2-UV, TiO2-UV/vis systems for the decolorization of a textile dye X-3B in water.

The degradation of a common textile dye, Reactive-brilliant red X-3B, by several advanced oxidation technologies was studied in an air-saturated aqueous solution. The dye was resistant to the UV illumination (wavelength lambda > or = 320 nm), but was decolorized when one of Fe3+, H2O2 and TiO2 components was present. The decolorization rate was observed to be quite different for each system, and the relative order evaluated under comparable conditions followed the order of Fe2+-H2O2-UV > or = Fe2+-H2O2 > Fe3+-H2O2-UV > Fe3+-H2O2 > Fe3+-TiO2-UV > TiO2-UV > Fe3+-UV > TiO2-visible light (lambda > or = 450 nm)> H2O2-UV > Fe2+-UV. The mechanism for each process is discussed, and linked together for understanding the observed differences in reactivity.

Catalysis↗
PubMed2000

Uptake of reactive textile dyes by Aspergillus foetidus.

An isolated fungus, Aspergillus foetidus was found to effectively decolorize media containing azo reactive dyes namely, Drimarene dyes. The extent of color removal was greater than 95% within 48 h of growth of the fungus. The entire color was found to be strongly bioadsorbed to the rapidly settling fungal biomass pellets without undergoing significant biotransformation. Our investigations reveal that the process of decolorization is concomitant with the exponential growth phase of the fungus and has requirement for a biodegradable substrate such as glucose. The fungus was also able to decolorize media containing mixture of dyes to an extent of 85% within 72 h of growth. Kinetic analyses of fungal decolorization indicate that the process is time dependent and follows first order kinetics with respect to initial concentration of dye. The rates of color uptake (k values) decrease to a significant extent with increasing initial concentrations of dye. The fungus was able to grow and decolorize media in the presence of 5 ppm of chromium and 1% sodium chloride. An alternate and cheaper carbon source such as starch supported the growth and decolorization process. These results suggest that dye uptake process mediated by A. foetidus has a potential for large-scale treatment of textile mill discharges.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Effect of environmental conditions on biological decolorization of textile dyestuff by C. versicolor.

Effects of environmental conditions such as pH, media composition, carbon and nitrogen sources, TOC/N ratio, and dyestuff concentrations on decolorization of reactive phytalocyanin type textile dyestuff Everzol Turquoise Blue G by white rot fungi, Coriolus versicolor 20) or low nitrogen concentration was essential for effective decolorization of the dyestuff. Dyestuff concentration should be lower than 500 mg/l for complete decolorization. Only partial decolorization was observed for dyestuff concentrations above 500 mg/l. Adsorption of the dyestuff on surfaces of the fungi was insignificant (<20%).

Journal Article↗