Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TREPONEMA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Outer sheath associated proteins of the oral spirochete Treponema maltophilum.

We recently cloned the major outer membrane protein of Treponema maltophilum [Heuner, K., Choi, B.K., Schade, R., Moter, A., Otto, A., Göbel, U.B., J. Bacteriol. 181, 1025-1029]. Here we report the localization of the major sheath protein (Msp)A protein in T. maltophilum by immunogold electron microscopy and its expression. Northern blot analysis revealed that mspA is expressed constitutively as a monocistronic unit. The transcription initiation site of the mspA gene was identified by primer extension analysis. A further screening of a genomic library of T. maltophilum with an anti-outer membrane fraction antibody was done. We were able to clone DNA regions of T. maltophilum encoding putative sugar transport operons and putative outer membrane proteins of this oral treponeme which has a high prevalence in periodontal lesions.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed2002

23S rRNA point mutation associated with erythromycin resistance in Treponema denticola.

Mechanisms and occurrence of macrolide resistance in the periodontal pathogen Treponema denticola have received little attention. In this study, erythromycin resistance due to mutations in the genes encoding T. denticola 23S rRNA was investigated. The T. denticola genome was shown to contain two copies of 23S rDNA. 23S rRNA genes of nine erythromycin-resistant isolates derived from T. denticola were amplified and sequences were analyzed. All the erythromycin-resistant strains had at least one A-->G transition mutation at the 23S rRNA gene sequence cognate to position A2058 in Escherichia coli 23S rDNA. This suggests that antibiotic pressure is sufficient to select for point mutations that confer resistance in this organism.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of peptidase and glycosidase activities of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius and Treponema denticola by plant extracts.

Aqueous extracts from 5 plants used widely in Kenya as chewing sticks (mswaki) for the control of oral hygiene were tested for their ability to inhibit extracellular peptidase and glycosidase enzyme activities produced by the periodontopathic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis (formerly Bacteroides gingivalis), Bacteroides intermedius and Treponema denticola. The plants studied were Rhus natalensis, Cupressus hisitanica, Sida cordifolia, Olea africana and Euclea divinorum. Protease activities, including glycylprolyl dipeptidase and trypsin-like activities of P. gingivalis, chymotrypsin-like and glycylprolyl dipeptidase activities of B. intermedius and the trypsin-like activity of T. denticola, were particularly affected by extracts from Rhus natalensis and Euclea divinorum. Glycosidase activities were generally less affected with the notable exceptions of the inhibition of beta-mannosidase activity of P. gingivalis by all extracts and the inhibition of neuraminidase activity of T. denticola by Rhus natalensis and Euclea divinorum. Generally, these same proteolytic and glycosidic activities were inhibited by tannic acid and to lesser extents by gallic acid and gallic acid methyl ester. An inhibitory component, present in all extracts, exhibited physical and chemical properties identical to those of tannic acid. The inhibition of these enzyme activities is likely to reduce the virulence of these periodontophathic bacteria and to reduce the rate of dental plaque formation.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1994

Trypsin-like activity levels of Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis in adults with periodontitis.

Treponema denticola (Td) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) are associated with human moderate and severe adult periodontal diseases. This study quantifies these two anaerobes and their trypsin-like (TL) activities in subgingival plaque collected from both clinically healthy and periodontally diseased sites of human periodontitis patients. Antigen levels of the microorganisms were determined by monoclonal antibodies and TL activities were measured by the fluorescent substrate Z-gly-gly-arg-AFC in a disc format. Significant positive correlations were observed between the antigen levels and the TL activities when the data were subjected to statistical analyses both on a site-specific and on a patient basis. Anaerobe synergism was found between Td and Pg in a continental US population, and positive correlations were found between anaerobe levels (individually and total) and clinical indicators of adult periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Treponema denticola detection in oral plaque samples using the polymerase chain reaction.

Detection of putative pathogens is critical for delineating the etiology and progression of periodontitis. In the present study, we have used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay utilizing primers specific for the lkt A gene of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, the fimbrial gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis, and tdp A gene of Treponema denticola in order to determine the presence of these pathogens in subgingival plaque samples from periodontitis sites. These gene specific primers were also used to assess the detection of different strains of bacteria in the PCR assays. Primers for P. gingivalis detected P. gingivalis strain 33277, but no product was detected when primers were used with extracts from 4 species of Capnocytophaga, 3 species of Prevotella, 2 species of Porphyromonas other than P. gingivalis, Bacteroides levii, Escherichia coli, 3 strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans and 3 strains of T. denticola. PCR analysis using primers for the lkt A gene of A. actinomycetemcomitans also did not result in a product with any of these bacteria with the exception of a positive result with 3 different strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Primers selected from the tdp A gene of T. denticola did not identify any of the bacteria strains tested except T. denticola serovars a, b, and c. Thus, these primers were shown to amplify gene segments that are specific to either P. gingivalis (33277), A. actinomycetemcomitans (33384, 43717 and 43718) or T. denticola (35405, 33521 and 35404). The PCR assay may be used to rapidly detect the presence of periodontal pathogens in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

In vitro effect of the Sensonic toothbrush on Treponema denticola.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effects of the Sensonic. Oral-B Braun mechanical and Oral-B manual toothbrushes upon the morphology and cellular integrity of Treponema denticola. This spirochete was chosen because of its frequent isolation from active lesions of inflammatory periodontal disease and its pathogenic potential. T. denticola, strain ATCC 33421, was grown in an anaerobic nitrogen rich atmosphere in enhanced 1186 mycoplasma broth. 160, 5-ml aliquots of cultured microbes were assigned to 1 of 3 brushing treatment groups and a control group. Samples were further divided into 4 groups of 10 samples each and assigned to one of 4 brushing exposure times: 15, 30, 45, and 60 seconds. After treatment, 0.2 ml of each sample was applied to a millipore filter and examined by SEM. Intact microbes were counted from 10 non-overlapping fields at 4500x. Remaining treated samples were pelleted and examined by TEM. A statistically significant reduction of intact microbes for the Sensonic treatment group at each exposure time was found when compared to Oral-B Braun, Oral-B manual, and non-treated controls. TEM examination of Sensonic treated samples revealed separation of the outer membrane at lower exposure times and only cellular debris after exposures of 45 and 60 s. These results suggest that exposure to the sonic frequency generated by the Sensonic toothbrush is capable of severely disrupting the structural integrity of T. denticola.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Release and activation of human neutrophil matrix metallo- and serine proteinases during phagocytosis of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola.

The phagocytic ingestion of reference strains and clinical isolates of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the concomitant release of PMN granule proteinases were studied by specific functional and immunological assays. PMNs were incubated with the microorganisms anaerobically at 37 degrees C for indicated time periods. The suspensions and pellets were used for phagocytic ingestion assay and electron microscopic study, respectively. The supernatants were used for the measurements of the amounts and activities of the released PMN enzymes including PMN gelatinase (MMP-9), collagenase (MMP-8), serine proteases (elastase and cathepsin G), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Both fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis and T. denticola were ingested by the PMNs in comparable numbers. However, measurements of the enzymes released from the triggered PMNs revealed major differences among the three species. High amount of elastase was released from the PMNs triggered by F. nucleatum, but not by P. gingivalis or T. denticola. The treatment of PMNs with P. gingivalis whole cells resulted in the release of gelatinase partly in the 82 kD active form, suggesting proteolytic activation of the degranulated 92 kD proMMP-9. The 82 kD active form of gelatinase was not detected upon triggering the PMNs with F. nucleatum and T. denticola. The PMN-bacteria interaction did not result in release of LDH from triggered PMNs indicating the proteinase release was not due to the PMN cell death. The results show that the susceptibilities of the 3 potentially periodontopathogenic microorganisms, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis and T. denticola to phagocytic ingestion are not directly related to the amounts and activities of PMN enzymes released during the bacteria-PMN interactions. As PMN degranulation is considered as one of the major pathogenic mechanisms in periodontitis, the observed differences among the microorganisms may be important virulence characteristics of these species.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1984

Attachment of Treponema denticola to cultured human epithelial cells.

The present electron microscopic study visualizes adherence of Treponema denticola, the most common treponeme of the gingival crevice in man, to human epithelial cells in vitro. The number of organisms adhering to the cells increased with increase in the treponemal concentration from 10(6) cells/ml through 10(8) cells/ml. Epithelial cells immediately after mitosis were particularly rich in treponemes. The number of adsorbing treponemes was reduced after pretreatment of the epithelial cells with hyaluronidase. The epithelial cells showed no predilection site of treponemal attachment. Treponemes attached preferably by their ends. Intracellularity of treponemes was not regularly attained. Treatment with ruthenium red, acidic bovine albumin or hyaluronidase indicted presence of acidic mucopolysaccharides on the treponemal and epithelial cell surface.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1984

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the phagocytosis of Treponema denticola and Escherichia coli by human neutrophils in vitro.

In the present in vitro study, scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that human neutrophils are able to phagocytize Treponema denticola cells. Two major modes of particle engulfment were detected, both of which seemed unaffected by opsonization or atmosphere (aerobic or anaerobic). The occasional finding of rather intact treponemes as long as 2 h after onset of the phagocytosis experiment, suggested that digestion could be a relatively slow process. Expulsion of digested material from the phagolysosomes to the extracellular space seemed to occur via channel-like structures in the neutrophil cytoplasm.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1992

A sensitive enzymatic method (SK-013) for detection of Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivals and Bacteroides forsythus in subgingival plaque samples.

An enzymatic method, SK-013, was developed for rapid detection of the peptidase activity in subgingival plaque samples. This method was found to have specificity for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Bacteroides forsythus, and some Capnocytophaga strains. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SK-013 could indicate the presence of periodontopathic bacteria, including T. denticola, P. gingivalis and B. forsythus, which produce trypsin-like enzymes. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from 10 clinically healthy sites and 30 periodontally diseased sites with 3 paper points. SK-013 activity of plaque samples was assayed, and the numbers of T. denticola, P. gingivalis and B. forsythus in the sample were counted by immunofluorescence technique. In diseased sites, the SK-013 activity was significantly correlated with clinical parameters such as Gingival Index, Plaque Index, probing depth and bleeding on probing. A significant correlation was found between the presence of these organisms and SK-013 activity. Correlation coefficients between the presence of T. denticola and SK-013 activity were higher than those with other organisms. These findings indicate that the SK-013 is useful as an indicator of cell population of T. denticola, P. gingivalis and B. forsythus in subgingival plaque.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of the wheat germ agglutinin-binding property of Treponema denticola.

Lectins were used to characterize glycoconjugates on the cell surface of Treponema denticola, a suspected periodontopathogen. Bacteria were first screened by light microscopy using fluorescein isothiocyanate-coupled lectins. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) showed a high reactivity to T. denticola. While the WGA-binding activity was accentuated following heating or detergent treatments of bacterial cells, the reaction was inhibited by incorporation of competing carbohydrates. Scanning and transmission electron microscope studies were conducted in order to characterize the distribution of the WGA-binding sites on the cell surface of T. denticola. Data from these studies confirmed that heat treatment increases the percentage of labeled profiles and suggest that the WGA-binding sites are concentrated on specific regions on the spirochete surface. Initial biochemical analysis indicated that the high reactivity to WGA resides in a peptidoglycan fraction.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1994

Isolation and characterization of a 53 kDa major cell envelope protein antigen from Treponema denticola ATCC 35405.

A major cell envelope protein was purified from the cell envelope fraction of Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 by ion exchange chromatography after extraction with Zwittergent 3-14. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a relative molecular mass of 53 kDa for this protein with a pI of 6.3-6.8. Amino acid analysis revealed that this protein contained high proportions of hydrophobic amino acids (40.4%), and no cysteine could be detected. The N-terminus of the protein was blocked to Edman degradation. Rabbit antiserum raised against the purified 53 kDa protein reacted with the outer envelope of the T. denticola cell surface as confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. This rabbit antiserum reacted with 4 of the 11 strains of treponemes tested in this study. Sera from 9 to 18 periodontitis patients reacted strongly with this 53 kDa cell envelope protein of T. denticola as determined by immunoblotting analysis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1995

Distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola in human subgingival plaque at different periodontal pocket depths examined by immunohistochemical methods.

Localization of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola in different areas of subgingival plaque from advanced adult periodontitis patients was studied immunohistochemically using sensitive immunogold-silver staining and immunoelectron microscopy. Fourteen periodontally diseased teeth were extracted without damaging the subgingival plaque, fixed, and embedded. The subgingival plaque samples were sectioned according to four different pocket depths (0-2 mm, 2-4 mm, 4-6 mm and > or = 6 mm). Serial thin sections were stained using specific antisera to P. gingivalis or T. denticola and then with secondary antibody labelled with colloidal-gold. Cells of both P. gingivalis and T. denticola were predominantly found in subgingival plaque located at depths of more than 4 mm in periodontal pockets. T. denticola cells were found in the surface layers of subgingival plaque, and P. gingivalis were predominant beneath them. However, in the deeper subgingival plaque, the coexistence of P. gingivalis and T. denticola was observed. The present findings suggest that P. gingivalis and T. denticola play important roles in the pathogenicity of periodontal disease and provide the useful information for elucidating the pattern of colonization of microorganisms in the periodontal pocket.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Lipoproteins of Treponema denticola: their effect on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

The presence of lipoproteins and lipooligosaccharides in Treponema denticola, an oral spirochaete associated with periodontal diseases, was investigated. T. denticola ATCC 35404 and the clinical isolate GM-1 were metabolically labeled with [3H]-cis-9-octadecenoic acid and extracted with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114. The extract was phase separated, precipitated with acetone and delipidated to remove non-covalently bound lipid (dLPP). In T. denticola ATCC 35404, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoretic separation followed by autoradiography showed [3H]-cis-9-octadecenoic acid incorporation in bands with apparent molecular masses of 14, 20, 26, 31, 38, 72 and 85 kDa and a broad band running from 113 kDa to the top of the gel. This last band resolved into a 53 kDa [3H]-cis-9-octadecenoic acid band upon heating for 10 min, at 100 degrees C. The structural relationship of the outer sheath major oligomeric polypeptide of strain ATCC 35404 and the 53 kDa protein was demonstrated immunologically. Antibodies against the 113 kDa component of the oligomer cross-reacted with the 53 kDa protein. Proteinase K degraded the [3H]-cis-9-octadecenoic acid bands with the exception of the 14 kDa. The 14 kDa was also the major [3H]-fatty acid labeled compound found in the water phase following phenol-water extraction of whole T. denticola ATCC 35404 cells. This compound was purified from the water phase by gel filtration followed by hydrophobic chromatography. Chemical analysis showed that hexadecanoic acid was the predominant fatty acid bound to T. denticola lipoproteins. In the GM-1 strain [3H]-cis-9-octadecenoic acid incorporation was observed in the 116 kDa and 14 kDa bands. dLPP from strain ATCC 35404 caused an enhanced (0.8-8 micrograms/ml) luminol dependent chemiluminiscence (LDCL) effect in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) which could be related to protein concentration. The addition of dLPP to PMN together with FMLP at submaximal concentration (1 microM) resulted in a synergistic activation of LDCL. At 21 micrograms/ml, dLPP also induced lysozyme release by the PMN at approximately 30% of the release induced by the chemotactic peptide at 1 microM. In addition, dLPP (21 micrograms/ml) increased additively the release of lysozyme caused by 1 microM FMLP. The release of beta-glucuronidase was not affected. The modulation of neutrophil activity was abolished by preincubation of dLPP with proteinase K. The purified 14 kDa had no effect on either LDCL or exocytosis of lysosomal enzymes of PMN. These data strongly suggest that T. denticola possesses several lipoproteins including outer sheath major oligomeric polypeptides (113-234 kDa) and a lipooligosaccharide of molecular mass of 14 kDa. In addition, an enriched lipoprotein fraction from this oral spirochaete modulates oxygen dependent and independent mechanisms for controlling microorganisms by human PMN.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1999

Multiple forms of the major phenylalanine specific protease in Treponema denticola.

The 160, 190 and 270 kDa outer sheath proteases of Treponema denticola ATCC 35404 were found to be multiple forms of the major 91 kDa phenylalanine protease (PAP) by immunoblotting using anti-91 kDa specific antibodies. Multiple forms of the phenylalanine protease were also found in 2 other T. denticola strains studied, ATCC 33520 and the clinical isolate GM-1. Protein, proteolytic and Western blot analyses using antibodies against the PAP and the major outer sheath protein (MSP) indicated that the 190 and 270 kDa proteases were protein complexes formed by the MSP and the PAP. These complexes dissociated by storage in 0.3% or higher SDS concentrations. The purified PAP was found to completely degrade keratin, but was unable to degrade native actin either in its monomeric or polymerized form. The association of the MSP adhesin with a protease capable of degrading host native proteins may benefit the obtention of protein-based nutrients necessary to support the growth of these treponemes. These complexes may also play a role in the structural organization of T. denticola outer sheath.

Actins↗
PubMed1996

3-hydroxy fatty acids in a lipopolysaccharide-like material from Treponema denticola strain FM.

Treponemes are associated with major oral diseases such as apical and marginal periodontitis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is regarded as an important virulence factor in these diseases. It is unclear whether LPS is present in oral treponemes. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine if a common oral treponeme-Treponema denticola-possesses LPS. A modified Westphal method (phenol water-ethanol-hexane extraction) was used to extract LPS-like material from T. denticola, reference strain FM. It was cultivated in prereduced anaerobically sterilized pectin medium. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the extract detected three hydroxy fatty acids: C3-OH-i-13:0, C3-OH-i-15:0, and C3-OH-16:0 which constituted 12% of its fatty acid content. These acids, commonly regarded as markers of LPS, suggested the presence of LPS in T. denticola.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1977

Electron microscopy of lymph nodes of hamsters experimentally infected with Treponema pertenue.

The morphology of lymph node tissue from normal hamsters and from hamsters experimentally infected with Treponema pertenue Gauthier was compared by means of light and electron microscopy. The capsules of the lymph nodes from infected hamsters showed an increased thickness in comparison with those of the non-infected animals. The infected lymph nodes differed from normal lymph nodes by small accumulations of neutrophilic leucocytes in the cortical areas. In addition, the amount of intercellular collagenous matrix present between large elongated cells was greatly increased in lymph nodes from infected animals. Electron microscopy of thin sections of infected lymph nodes showed intercellularly located treponemes in the leucocyte infiltration areas. These regions also showed the increased amounts of the collagenous matrix. Treponemes were occasionally found intracellularly in macrophages. These treponemes did not show their typically helical shape, but were present as spherical forms or cysts.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A simple method for the isolation of flagella from Treponema Reiter.

Flagella from Treponema Reiter were purified from a sonicate of the bacteria by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography followed by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-2B. The yield (0.8 mg flagellar protein per 8 g wet weight of treponemes) was identical to that obtained by previously described more time consuming methods. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of the chromatographically isolated flagella against rabbit anti-T. Reiter immunoglobulin, monospecific anti-T. Reiter flagellar antibodies or human syphilitic serum in the upper gel showed two parallel but closely apposed precipitates. No contaminating material was found by electron microscopy of suspensions of flagella isolated by the new method. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of dissociated flagella showed three major and one minor band. It is concluded that the new method is quantitatively and qualitatively equal to earlier described purification procedures, but simpler to use.

Antigens, Bacterial↗