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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Does temporary splinting before non-surgical therapy eliminate scaling and root planing-induced trauma to the mobile teeth?

The objective of this study was to determine whether temporary splinting of periodontitis-affected mobile teeth, prior to non-surgical mechanical therapy, affects treatment outcome by eliminating scaling and root planing-induced trauma to the teeth. Mandibular anterior teeth of 29 patients (15 females; 14 males; age range 30 to 48 years) with adult periodontitis were evaluated. Clinical measurements were performed at 4 sites per tooth including mesial, distal, buccal and lingual aspects at baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment. The following clinical parameters were analyzed: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), probing attachment level (PAL), gingival margin level (GML) and tooth mobility (TM). Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: i) group 1 (n = 8) received scaling and root planing (SRP) only, ii) group 2 (n = 10) received scaling and root planing before splinting and iii) group 3 (n = 11) received scaling and root planing after splinting. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant differences among the groups for either bleeding on probing or probing attachment level values at any of the time intervals. At the end of the study, the greatest decrease in pocket depth was noted in group 2 (1.24+/-0.10 mm) which was thought to be the result of gingival recession (0.73+/-0.07 mm). Group 1 was the only group that showed reduction in tooth mobility at 3 months compared to baseline (1.67+/-0.55 PTV units). Group 3 displayed the least reduction in tooth mobility during the entire study period (0.26+/-0.44 PTV units). In conclusion, splinting of mobile teeth before SRP, and thereby elimination of potential SRP-induced trauma to the mobile teeth, did not show any adjunctive effect on healing when compared to splinting after SRP. Thorough debridement of root surfaces, even performed in the presence of increased mobility, resulted in improvements in clinical parameters, i.e. mechanical manipulation of mobile teeth during periodontal treatment did not affect clinical outcome negatively.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

An improved method for detecting mutans streptococci using a commercial kit.

The improved detection of mutans streptococci (MS) in individuals was investigated using several modifications to a commercially available kit, Dentocult SM. Significantly better detection of MS was achieved using plaque from the four approximal surfaces at two interdental spaces than with saliva (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the MS estimates for approximal surfaces at the same interdental space were similar (kappa = 0.654) suggesting that differentiating the two surfaces does not improve the detection of MS, and that increasing the number of interdental spaces sampled is a more effective option. This study also evaluated a modification to the standard Dentocult SM site strip method in which two strips were incubated per broth vial so that plaque from eight interdental spaces could be tested at the same time (new method). The results were compared to those obtained when one strip was incubated per broth vial (standard method). Although the MS estimates by the new and standard methods were comparable (kappa = 0.721), the efficiency of MS detection was improved significantly by increasing the number of sites used for MS estimates (P = 0.01). In conclusion, MS detection at eight interdental spaces is recommended using the new Dentocult SM method.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Nurse educators' involvement in research.

The purposes of the study were: (1) to determine the relationship between selected demographic characteristics of nurse educators and research productivity; (2) to identify barriers to faculty research; (3) to examine the support being provided by educational institutions for faculty research; and (4) to determine the use of research productivity in the evaluation of faculty members for tenure, promotion and salary increase. Research productivity was defined as: (1) the number of past research studies conducted in relation to degree requirements, (2) the number of past research studies conducted which were not in connection with degree requirements, (3) the number of research studies that have been published, and (4) the number of ongoing research studies. The study population was composed of nurse educators teaching in institutions granting a diploma, associate degree, baccalaureate degree or higher degree in nursing. A systematic random sample of 500 names was chosen from nurse educators who were members of the American Nurses' Association. The major findings of the study were: (1) only 25% of the sample indicated current involvement in research; (2) nurse educators holding doctorates are the most productive researchers; (3) nurse educators who have taught more than 20 years reported the smallest percentage of ongoing research studies; (4) the majority of the current research is being conducted by faculty teaching in schools which grant graduate degrees; and (5) educational institutions are providing minimal support for faculty research and 50% of these institutions do not consider research productivity in the evaluation of faculty members for tenure, promotion, or salary increase.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1982

Long-term development of occupational accidents in Finland.

In Finland the number of occupational accidents has been increasing throughout the 1900s. This increasing long-term development is related to the improved insurance coverage of workers. The severity of accidents has decreased during the past three decades. Accident curves show variations related to fluctuations in the national economy. The occurrence of accidents seems to be very sensitive to economic determinants. The structural changes of work brought about by automation should lead to a decrease in the occurrence of accidents. With the exception of economic factors and structural changes in the labor force, no signs of any major decrease in the occurrence of accidents have been detected.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1990

Evening primrose oil and treatment of premenstrual syndrome.

The therapeutic effectiveness of evening primrose oil (Efamol, Vita-Glow) in the relief of 10 symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) as well as menstrual symptoms was studied in 38 women. The prospective trial was randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled and was crossed-over after three cycles. Although the results showed an improvement in symptoms of PMS during the trial, no significant differences in the scoring between the active and placebo groups were found over six cycles. No "carry-over" effect of active medication was observed; the beneficial effect on all symptoms (psychological, fluid retention, breast) was rapid, the scores decreasing in the first cycle but increasing slightly at the change-over period after the third cycle, irrespective of whether the active or placebo medication was next given. These findings indicate that the improvement experienced by these women with moderate PMS was solely a placebo effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Which medical journals have the greatest impact?

High-impact medical journals are identified using data from the 1981 and 1982 Journal Citation Reports. The Journal Citation Reports are an annual supplement to the Science Citation Index. Journals publish different types of editorial matter, much of which does not report substantive research. A special algorithm is used to calculate the number of substantial or "meaty" items. In 1981 The Lancet and The New England Journal of Medicine ranked highest among 78 journals in citations received; 53,945 and 47,887, respectively. These journals also have the highest impact factor, the average number of citations received by items in a journal's 1980 and 1981 issues. The British Medical Journal was highest in 1981 immediacy index, the measure of how quickly a journal's 1981 items were cited in 1981.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Early administration of corticosteroids in emergency room treatment of acute asthma.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of early administration of high-dose intravenous corticosteroids on duration of emergency room treatment and hospital admission rate in patients with acute asthma. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: The emergency room of a large, urban hospital with primary and referral care responsibilities. PATIENTS: Eighty-one patients from 18 to 45 years of age with acute bronchial asthma and without pneumonitis or other serious underlying illnesses were studied on 91 occasions and were randomly assigned to control or experimental groups. INTERVENTIONS: The steroid group received 125 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone whereas the control group received intravenous normal saline 30 minutes after initial treatment. Additional treatment included aerosolized metaproterenol and oral theophylline therapy. Six hours after study entry, remaining patients were treated with 40 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone. Hospitalization was mandatory if total treatment time was greater than 12 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Age, sex, peak expiratory flow at entry, and prevalence of recent corticosteroids use were similar in both groups. Duration of emergency room treatment was 6.7 +/- 4.2 (SD) hours in the steroid group and 6.3 +/- 4.1 hours in the control group (P = 0.66). Hospitalization was necessary in 18% (95% CI, 7% to 30%) of the steroid group and in 13% (CI, 3% to 22%) of the control group. Frequency of return visits for acute asthma 2 days after emergency room discharge was 11% (CI, -1% to 22%) in the steroid group and 13% (CI, 2% to 23%) in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results fail to show any benefit for early administration of corticosteroids in patients with acute asthma. Routine administration of corticosteroids on initial presentation in such patients may not be warranted.

Acute Disease↗