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Results for “Social Behavior Disorders”

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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Reconceptualizing support systems for persons with challenging behaviors.

As human service systems attempt to integrate persons with disabilities, particularly those with challenging behaviors, into the mainstream of society, use of positive behavioral supports must be implemented. Training of persons in the formal and informal support systems must also be reconceptualized in the context of using positive behavioral supports. This paper addresses some current issues related to the use of such supports and training in the delivery of human services.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1980

Notions of neurosis: a comparison of community cases with declared patients.

Seven ways are discussed in which the concept of neurosis, as measured in community surveys, differs from the concept of neurosis among declared patients. These are different ratio of neurotic symptoms to dysthymic states (using Foulds' terms), the different ratio of mixed anxiety/depression to anxiety or depression alone, the duration, seriousness, and intensity of symptoms, and the two states of social dysfunction without symptoms, and symptoms without dysfunction. Attention is drawn to the need for epidemiologists and clinicians to describe neurosis on axes other than the presence or absence of symptoms alone.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1992

A comparison of alcohol and drug treatment clients: are they from the same population?

As part of the Alcohol Research Group's Community Epidemiology Laboratory, representative samples of clients from a northern California county's public alcohol and drug treatment systems were interviewed. This paper compares clients in alcohol treatment agencies (N = 381) with those in drug treatment agencies (N = 307). In the United States the traditional separation of the two systems is in question, as there is a belief that most clients of both systems have dual alcohol and drug problems. This study found that while large numbers of clients reported use of both alcohol and other drugs, important differences were found between the two treatment systems. Alcohol treatment clients reported significantly higher alcohol consumption rates and lower drug use than did drug treatment clients. However, a higher proportion of alcohol treatment clients reported consuming alcohol with other drugs and attributing problems to both alcohol and drugs than did drug treatment clients. Discriminant function analysis found sociodemographic characteristics, problems attributed to alcohol, and problems attributed to drugs to provide significant contributions in predicting membership in the alcohol versus the drug treatment system.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outcomes of community re-entry programmes for brain injury survivors. Part 2: Further investigations.

This report, the second part of a study of the outcomes of nine community re-entry programmes for brain injury survivors, examines more specific measures of programme and client outcome. Most results confirm those in Part 1, but some suggest qualifications or means to improve programme operations. The functioning of the client in self-care and mobility activities, in communication, and in emotional and social behaviour clearly improved. By and large these improvements cannot be attributed to chronicity or natural healing. Findings relevant to social integration, sources of stress, and client satisfaction are also presented. For a minority of cases, new behaviour problems emerged after discharge, raising issues of generalization of treatment. Though clients benefited in multiple ways, goal attainment percentages were not high and the most frequent dimensions of actual benefit (viz. improved independent living and household skills) were seldom documented as goals. Multivariate analysis identified a number of significant predictors of independent living outcomes. Finally, issues of cost-effectiveness are addressed. At over $100,000 per case, these programmes were expensive. No positive relationship between rehabilitative expense and client improvement could be identified. Means of improving cost-effectiveness are suggested.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Primary socialization theory. The influence of the community on drug use and deviance. III.

Primary socialization theory states that drug use and deviance are social behaviors learned predominantly through three sources, the family, the school, and peer clusters. This paper shows that the theory provides a parsimonious explanation of how characteristics of both the local community and the larger extended community influence drug use and deviance. These characteristics affect deviance because they either strengthen or weaken bonding with the three primary socialization sources, or affect the norms that are transmitted through the primary socialization process. The paper considers the following social structure characteristics of the local neighborhood or community: physical characteristics, rurality, ethnicity, heterogeneity, occupational type, mobility, poverty, neighborhood deviance, and age distribution. It also examines how other secondary socialization sources, the extended family, associational groups, religion, the peer environment, and the media influence the primary socialization process and, in turn, drug use and deviance.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The economic burden imposed by a residual case of eastern encephalitis.

To estimate the economic burden imposed by eastern encephalitis (EE), we identified a series of residents of eastern Massachusetts who had survived EE infection and enumerated any costs that could be attributed to their experience. The records of three people who suffered only a transient episode of disease were analyzed as well as those of three who suffered severe residual sequelae. Transiently affected subjects mainly required assistance for direct medical services; the average total cost per case was $21,000. Those who suffered persistent sequelae remained at home and seemed likely to live a normal span of years, but without gainful employment. Early in the course of their chronic illness, costs ranged as high as $0.4 million per year, but plateaued at about $0.1 million after three years. Hospital costs, which dominated early in the disease experience, approached $0.3 million per patient. Educational costs tended to replace hospital costs after two years as the dominant economic burden and totaled about $0.3 million per patient during the first six years. Total costs then averaged almost $0.8 million. By the time that these subjects will have reached 22 years of age, disease-related costs will have totaled about $1.5 million. Institutionalization will impose an additional lifetime cost of $1.0 million. Insecticidal interventions designed to avert outbreaks of human EE infection cost between $0.7 million and $1.4 million, depending on the extent of the treated region. The direct costs of an intervention are less than the $3 million imposed on one person suffering residual sequelae of EE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The other side of the coin: growing up with a learning disability.

This study is a narrative analysis of the life history of Dale, a 25-year-old man with a learning disability who received sensory integrative treatment in early childhood. The analysis revealed that Dale's self likely developed through occupational engagement with three interconnected themes: "my mother said" and "parental tricks"; "adrenaline surges" and "hell-raising"; and work, "deal making," and self-construction. These themes depict Dale's self-construction, character development, occupation selection, and adaptation. In addition, these themes revealed how his parents used principles based on his sensory needs and learning problems to organize his childhood occupations and assist with his adaptation. The concept of occupational metamorphosis is also proposed to describe a person's search for and selection of occupations that satisfy biological and sensory needs. This study supports the idea that the complex nature of adaptation can be revealed through an occupational history, and that adaptation is multifaceted and not absolute.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1951

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Mental Disorders↗