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PubMedDate not supplied

What proportion of failure to complete secondary school in the US population is attributable to adolescent psychiatric disorder?

Using information available from the longitudinal Children in Community Study, population-attributable risk percentage was calculated to estimate the amount of failure to complete secondary school in the United States that is associated with adolescent psychiatric disorder. Over half the adolescents in the United States who fail to complete their secondary education have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder. The proportion of failure to complete school that is attributable to psychiatric disorder is estimated to be 46%. School failure among young persons with psychiatric disorder exacts a large toll from individuals and society.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A longitudinal study of school adjustment in urban, minority adolescents: effects of a high school transition program.

Described an intervention program designed to prepare elementary school (K-8) eighth-grade students for their transition to high school the following year. Participants in the study were 145, predominantly Hispanic, inner-city public school adolescents. The experimental group received an augmented condition, consisting of Education and Peer Support Components. The control group received a minimal condition consisting of only the Education Component. While no group effects were observed, time effects indicated experimental and control students' improved perceptions of school readiness, but deteriorated perceptions of support from both home and school and diminished grade-point averages and attendance. Time effects also revealed variable changes in school perceptions. Findings are discussed in terms of a developmental perspective of the school transition process. Implications for high school transition programming with the target population and directions for future research are also addressed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Programmatic prevention of adolescent problem behaviors: the role of autonomy, relatedness, and volunteer service in the Teen Outreach Program.

Explored the mechanisms by which a well-validated intervention to prevent school failure, suspension, and teenage pregnancy produces its effects, using site-level data from 66 sites involving over 1,000 students participating in national replication of the Teen Outreach Program. Multiple informants provided data on operating characteristics of each site. These were then used to explain differences across sites in levels of success in reducing youth problem behaviors using a pre-post design and a well-matched comparison group. In accord with predictions from developmental theory, middle school sites that promoted student autonomy and relatedness with peers and with site facilitators achieved significantly greater levels of success in reducing problem behaviors. Offering volunteer experiences perceived as teaching middle school students new skills and leaving them real choices about the type of work they did was also linked to program success. Although the program was equally successful with students from a wide range of sociodemographic backgrounds, links of program factors to site-level outcomes were found only for middle school but not high school sites. Implications of these findings for the development of programmatic interventions targeted at adolescents are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Mental and physical health of out of school children in a South African township.

BACKGROUND: Poor school attendance has negative consequences for the individual and society. We investigated physical and mental health correlates of school attendance amongst black children in Cape Town, South Africa. METHODS: We undertook a cross-sectional community study of children, aged 6-16 years, living in Khayelitsha township. Multistage sampling produced a sample of 499 children. They, and/or their parents, were interviewed using a Xhosa translation of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 (DISC-2.3). Prevalence of mental and physical health problems of school attenders were compared with those of non-attenders. RESULTS: 23.6 % of children were not attending school. Young children from unserviced areas were at particular risk. Male school attenders suffered higher levels of chronic illness than non-attenders. No differences in the prevalences of psychiatric disorders were found. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant excess of physical or mental health problems in out of school children. Poverty plays an important role in failure to attend school.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1995

Children who are shot: a 30-year experience.

Three data sets describe the pattern of gunshot injuries to children from 1960 to 1993: The Harlem Hospital pediatric trauma registry (HHPTR), the northern Manhattan injury surveillance system (NMISS) a population-based study, and the National Pediatric Trauma Registry (NPTR). A small case-control study compares the characteristics of injured children with a control group. Before 1970 gunshot injuries to Harlem children were rare. In 1971 an initial rise in pediatric gunshot admissions occurred, and by 1988 pediatric gunshot injuries at Harlem Hospital had peaked at 33. Population-based data through NMISS showed that the gunshot rate for Central Harlem children 10 to 16 years of age rose from 64.6 per 100,000 in 1986 to 267.6 per 100,000 in 1987, a 400% increase. The case fatality for children admitted to Harlem Hospital (1960 to 1993) was 3%, usually because of brain injury, but the majority of deaths occurred before hospitalization. During the same period, felony drug arrests in Harlem increased by 163%. The neighboring South Bronx experienced the same increase in gunshot wound admissions and felony arrests from 1986 to 1993. The NPTR showed a similar injury pattern for other communities in the United States. In a case-control analysis. Harlem adolescents who had sustained gunshot wounds were more likely to have dropped out of school, to have lived in a household without a biological parent, to have experienced parental death, and to have known of a relative or friend who had been shot than community adolescents treated for other medical or surgical problems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Do government training schemes for unemployed school leavers achieve their objectives? A psychological perspective.

The increasing rates of youth unemployment have given rise to concern in academic and political circles as well as amongst the general public. So much so that successive governments have introduced employment schemes specifically for this age group. Although a variety of opinions have been expressed concerning the value of such schemes and much thought and planning has gone into the design of successive generations of schemes, there appears to be little hard evidence concerning the effects they have on the well-being of young people. In the course of a study of the wider aspects of unemployment amongst school leavers, the authors collected evidence which they believe bears directly on this question. In a prospective study, which began by assessing fifth formers before they left school, it was found that in general those who went on to YOP schemes occupied an intermediate position between those who obtained work and those who remained unemployed, on a variety of measures of psychological well-being. However, it was found that those on Schemes were less likely than those in either of the other two groups to believe that they had a measure of personal control over their lives. The findings are discussed in relation to the design of employment schemes and the longer term implications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The influence of a return to school on the long-term adjustment of school refusers.

There is currently a strong emphasis on an early return to school in the management of school refusers . However, many of the studies in this area show a certain similarity in that the efficacy of treatment is measured by the disappearance of school avoidance rather than the long-term adjustment of the child. Very few studies have followed the school refuser into adulthood and even fewer have looked at the prognostic implications of a return to school. This paper reports a study of 34 young people all of whom had been admitted to an in-patient adolescent unit because of school refusal. Half had returned to school and the other half had never done so. The influence of this return on their emotional and social adjustment in young adulthood was assessed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Psychosocial aspects of Mexican-American, white, and black teenage pregnancy.

This study assesses whether pregnant Mexican-American adolescents have psychosocial characteristics different from their pregnant white or black peers. The study population consisted of 199 consecutive Mexican-American, white, and black pregnant adolescents, ages 11-19 years, followed prospectively at the University of California San Diego Medical Center Teen Obstetric Clinic from 1978 to 1981 (79 whites, 76 Mexican-Americans, and 44 blacks). Although all three groups had the same chronologic age (X = 16.4 +/- 1.4 years), and the same number of years of schooling, pregnant black adolescents were more likely to be in school at the time of registration for prenatal care (p less than 0.01). Mexican-American teens were more likely to be married at conception and/or delivery (p less than 0.001), and to breastfeed their infants (p less than 0.05). The fathers of the Mexican-American babies were more likely than other fathers to be full-time students or employed (p less than 0.001). Although pregnant Mexican-American teens came from the largest families (p less than 0.001), black teenagers most frequently reported a good mother-daughter relationship (p less than 0.05). White pregnant teens most frequently reported a family history of psychiatric illness (p less than 0.01), parental death (p less than 0.05), or runaway behavior (p less than 0.01). These data suggest that pregnant teenagers from these three racial/ethnic backgrounds have different psychosocial profiles and hence different psychosocial problems and needs.

Adolescent↗