SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
A case of Strongyloides stercoralis hyper-invasion is presented. Female patient with the bronchial asthma was periodically treated with steroids. Generalized toxemia caused by parasitic invasion proved fatal in this patient.
The efficacy of ivermectin was evaluated against Strongyloides papillosus in four controlled trials in cattle. Thirty-four animals were inoculated subcutaneously with S. papillosus 3rd stage larvae 14-24 days before treatment. At 7-14 days after treatment, calves were slaughtered and the number of adult S. papillosus present in the small intestine counted. Faecal egg counts were carried out before and after treatment. Seventeen control animals received a single subcutaneous injection of vehicle solution at a dose volume of 1 ml/50 kg body weight, and 17 calves were treated once with ivermectin at 200 mcg/kg b.w. using a 1% injectable solution (IVOMEC Injection Merck & Co., Inc.), subcutaneously. The control animals had a mean burden of 5,913 worms, while ivermectin significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced the number of adults S. papillosus by more than 99%. There was a greater than 99% reduction in the faecal egg count of treated animals at the last faecal examination compared with that pre-treatment.
The absence of larvae in lambs of six infected and controlled ewes immediately killed at birth without suckling may indicate the absence of prenatal infection. The ewes had larvae in their milk immediately prior to lambing and several hours afterwards. The persistence of infection, even after intestinal infection was removed with thiabendazole at 50 mg/kg body weigh, may be due to the pool of inhibited larvae. All the suckling lambs had patent infections within 4 to 5 days. Infection of suckling lambs with Strongyloides papillosus via milk from their ewes demonstrates the transmammary route of infection of this nematode.
The prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and other enteroparasites was studied in Menoufia Governorate. 565 stool & 500 serum samples were examined by direct smear, zinc sulphate, stool culture & IFAT using ultrasonicated non digested non fixed filariform larva as antigen. IFAT proved superior than the direct methods since it detected 11.1% of cases while the latter detected only up to 3.4%. The prevalence of enteroparasites was found to be 62.3%. E. histolytica and A. lumbricoides showed the highest incidence while Taenia showed the lowest incidence.
The frequent appearance of patent infestations of Strongyloides papillosus in lambs under one week is observed, and it is suggested that either the short generation interval or pre-natal infection is the cause. Pathogenic effects associated with heavy infestations in young lambs consisted of anorexia, loss of weight, diarrhoea and a moderate anaemia. The lambs were usually very weak, unable to stand and laying prostrate. Death usually followed at this stage and three such lambs examined showed severe enteritis. There was also severe dermatitis noticed around the flanks and abdomen. The epidemiology studies which were based on worm egg counts taken at monthly intervals for a twelve-month period showed high counts in October and November, intermediate counts in May to August and low counts from February to April. The egg counts per g of faeces ranged from 100 to 18,000.
The ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was evaluated as an animal model for infection with human strains of Strongyloides stercoralis. Results indicate that such infections can be easily and reproducibly accomplished.
A case of severe Strongyloides stercoralis infection is described in a patient with renal failure due to bilateral cortical necrosis. Because thiabendazole, the drug of choice in strongyloidiasis, is primarily excreted by the kidneys, alternative therapy with a mebendazole was instituted. Although the patient eventually died as a result of the renal failure, successful therapy with mebendazole was well demonstrated.
It is important that clinicians be aware that Strongyloides stercoralis can disseminate, because the helminth can exist as an asymptomatic infestation for years in a person from an endemic area and then become manifest when immunosuppressive therapy is given. A case of fatal strongyloidiasis is presented to emphasize this potential for causing serious infection in the compromised host.
Situated under strict conditions in order to try to limit experimental aggravation and to respect the accomplishment of an endocrine balance, the experiments carried out study the influence on parasitism by Strongyloides ratti of ovariectomie and the treatments, of female rats castrated or not, by oestradiol, hexoestrol, diethylstilboestrol, progesterone, mestranol, chlormadinone association. Similarly, adrenal cortex reactions (corticosterone) to the treatment and parasitism are recorded. The analysis of the results lead to the thought that the glucocorticosteroid function of adrenal cortex could be one of the relays between gonades and the development of parasitism (intensity, removal of parasites).
Four cases of Enterobius vermicularis infection and one case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection were found during the examination of 22,700 routine Papanicolaou-stained cervicovaginal smears and 434 urinary sediments. Ova of E. vermicularis were observed in the urocytograms from three girls and in the vaginal smear of a young woman. In a second woman, a S. stercoralis larva was detected in the routine vaginal smear. A clear background or a mild inflammatory pattern was noted in the smears in these cases.
Twenty-eight foals whose dams were treated IM with ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg of body weight) on the day of parturition were compared with 35 foals whose dams were administered only the vehicle. The effect of ivermectin on the vertical transmission of Strongyloides westeri and foal heat diarrhea was determined by a comparison of results obtained in the 2 groups. Foals from treated mares had significantly fewer S westeri eggs per gram of feces from 17 to 28 days postpartum. There were no differences observed in the frequencies of severity of foal heat diarrhea between the treated and control groups. In another experiment, using the same foals, 32 foals were treated IM with ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg) at 21 days of age and were compared with 31 foals administered only the vehicle. Significantly fewer S westeri eggs were recovered from the ivermectin-treated foals on day 26 to day 32, the completion day of the trial.
In 1973-1974, 4 controlled tests were performed in pony foals (n = 17) raised parasite-free and experimentally infected with Strongyloides westeri. Administration of infective larvae by stomach tube in 1 test resulted in low-grade infections and tended to invalidate the test. Intraoral and percutaneous (intra-aural) administration of larvae resulted in suitable test infections for 1 and 2 tests, respectively. A paste formulation of dichlorvos at 36.3 mg/kg of body weight removal from 4 ponies. Treatment of 4 the dosage rate of 44 mg/kg was consistently effective (greater than 99% to 100%) for eliminating intestinal infections of S westeri.
Infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, the most common intestinal parasite at our hospital, was encountered in 56 patients over a 3-yr period. The majority of the patients were male adults over 50 years old who had a chronic debilitating associated illness; about half the patients were immunocompromised. Strongyloidiasis was usually a chronic relapsing illness of mild to moderate severity characterized by gastrointestinal complaints (diarrhea, pain, tenderness, nausea, vomiting) and peripheral eosinophilia. Hypoalbuminemia also occurred. Stool examination for larvae was an effective method of diagnosing the parasite, and treatment with thiabendazole was usually successful. The frequent occurrence of S. stercoralis in geriatric patients with other medical problems and the delays in making the diagnosis suggest that the clinical spectrum of strongyloidiasis is greater than generally appreciated by the medical profession. Increased awareness of S. stercoralis is important to prevent the hyperinfection syndrome, which was estimated to occur in 1.5-2.5% of our patients.
C57Bl/6 mice were infected with Strongyloides ratti. Susceptibility to infection was ascertained by quantifying the numbers of larvae in the faeces 1 week after infection. Resistance to infection was transferred by pooled immune serum and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells obtained 2 and 3 weeks after infection. There was no additive effect when immune serum and MLN cells were given together. Protection was not conferred by MLN cells 1, 4 or 6 weeks after infection nor by spleen cells taken 1--6 weeks after infection. There was, however, a mild non-specific reduction in larval excretion after transfer of either normal or immune spleen cells. These data indicate that both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses may confer resistance to infection in murine strongyloidiasis.
Experimental infections using 600,000 infective larvae of Strongyloides westeri were carried out in seven worm-free Shetland ponies, four foals and thee yearlings. In the foals, the prepatent period varied from ten to fourteen days, the patent period ranging from forty-three to eighty-three days. Within approximately two months after infection, a decrease in the concentration of haemoglobin and an increase in the beta-globulin fraction of the protein pattern of the serum, practically coinciding with the maximum S. westeri faecal egg counts, were recorded. In the yearlings, the prepatent period varied from sixteen to eighteen days, the patent period ranging from fifty-five to seventy-three days. The experimental infection by an identical dose in a yearling which had previously had S. westeri infection as a foal, did not become patent. Unlike the foals, the yearlings did not show any changes in the haematological parameters following experimental infection.
Piglets were infected with 5000 or 15,000 third stage larvae of Strongyloides ransomi/kg of body weight. On the 15th day post infection absorption of the amino acid 14C alpha-amino-isobutyric acid (AIB) and the fatty acid 3H palmitic acid were studied. It was found that the onset of absorption of amino and fatty acids was delayed in the infected animals. Defective absorption of the amino acid was found in heavily infected piglets, whereas in moderate infection there was no failure of absorption from the entire small intestine. There was no difference in the rates of absorption of 3H-palmitic acid between infected and control piglets.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.