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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A randomized, investigator-masked clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of clobetasol propionate 0.05% shampoo and tar blend 1% shampoo in the treatment of moderate to severe scalp psoriasis.

The clinical benefit of currently available tar blend shampoos for the treatment of scalp psoriasis is restricted due to their limited efficacy, low cosmetic appeal and potential for carcinogenicity. This 4-week multicentre, randomized, parallel-group, investigator-masked study included 162 subjects and aimed to compare the efficacy, safety and cosmetic acceptability of clobetasol propionate 0.05% shampoo versus a currently marketed tar blend 1% shampoo in subjects with moderate to severe scalp psoriasis. Clobetasol propionate shampoo was superior to tar blend shampoo with respect to all efficacy variables tested (p<0.001): Total and Global Severity Score; erythema; plaque thickening; desquamation; pruritus; total scalp area involved; and the subject's global assessment of clinical improvement. Both treatments were safe and well-tolerated. Furthermore, more subjects indicated that clobetasol propionate shampoo was more cosmetically acceptable than tar blend shampoo. Clobetasol propionate 0.05% shampoo is a good alternative to tar blend shampoo in the treatment of moderate to severe scalp psoriasis.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2003

A case of kerion celsi due to Arthroderma benhamiae identified by DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions.

We describe a case of a 4-year-old boy with a 1-month history of a purulent lesion on his scalp. His hair samples revealed fungal organisms and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was cultured from the sample. We analysed the DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of the isolated fungus. These sequences were in accordance with T. mentagrophytes animal 4 type. In mating experiments, our strain only responded to the Arthroderma benhamiae Americano-European race (+) mating type tester. We speculate that the patient was infected from contact with his pet guinea pig. This is the first case of a clinical isolate of A. benhamiae being identified by DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS1 regions.

Arthrodermataceae↗
PubMed2004

Co-isolation of Trichosporon inkin and Candida parapsilosis from a scalp white piedra case.

White piedra is a rare fungal infection of the hair shaft characterized by small, firm, irregular white-brown nodules. The infection is caused by basidiomycetous yeasts in the genus Trichosporon. We report a case of a 28-year-old female patient who acquired the infection in Qatar. In this case, the scalp was the only site affected, but infection at that site was extensive. The hair had a Saccharomyces-like yeast odor and appeared to be beaded, with light-brown nodules of varying sizes up to 2 mm long. Trichosporon sp. accompanied by Candida parapsilosis grew out along hair shafts planted in primary isolation media. Molecular identification of the Trichosporon carried out by analyzing the 26S ribosomal gene gave a 100% match with Trichosporon inkin, a major cause of pubic white piedra. The patient was treated with daily applications of ketoconazole shampoo followed by econazole shampoo and cream, and was considered clinically and mycologically cured after 2 months. Novel findings in the present case are the first identification of T. inkin as an agent of scalp white piedra, and the heavy outgrowth of C. parapsilosis from the concretions, although in the latter case it is not clear if the co-occurring yeast was etiologically contributory to the pathogenesis of the white piedra.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Review of common therapeutic options in the United States for the treatment of pediculosis capitis.

Numerous therapies are available in both over-the-counter and prescription formulations for the treatment of head lice infestation. We summarize treatment recommendations from published literature and from a recent meta-analysis from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews that describe the efficacy, safety, and resistance patterns of monotherapies available in the United States. If treatment with pyrethrin or permethrin fails to eradicate the infestation, the treatment of choice is malathion. However, because of malathion's flammability, it should be a second-line therapy. Orally administered ivermectin has been reported to be efficacious, but it is not currently a US Food and Drug Administration-approved pediculicide. Alternative therapies are also discussed, in addition to indications for prophylaxis, resistance reporting, and the social impact of infestation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Efficacy of machine laundering to eradicate head lice: recommendations to decontaminate washable clothes, linens, and fomites.

The efficacy of machine laundering to eradicate head lice should be determined. Viable lice and nits were machine laundered using 3 washing programs (with water temperatures of 40 degrees C, 50 degrees C, and 60 degrees C), with and without detergent, and the results were compared with results for control lice and nits. A drying program was also used. Either washing done with a water temperature of at least 50 degrees C or drying is necessary to kill head lice and nits.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Sclerosing lipogranuloma of the scalp. A report of two cases.

The authors report two cases of sclerosing lipogranuloma of the scalp diagnosed postmortem. The first was suspected to have acquired the lipid material from a grease gun injury to the scalp, while the second had received injections of an unidentified lipid for treatment of baldness. In each, the resultant sclerosing lipogranuloma extended laterally beneath the scalp from the vertex of the skull. The histologic reaction was round to oval cystic spaces within a dense collagenous stroma typical of the "swiss cheese" pattern of sclerosing lipogranuloma. Punctate, ringlike, or globoid densities were seen on roentgenograms of a 5-mm-thick transmural section of scalp in the first case.

Granuloma↗
PubMed1988

An unusual case of Phormia regina myiasis of the scalp.

The authors report a case of Calliphorine myiasis in the scalp of a 64-year-old woman caused by the larvae of Phormia regina (Black Blowfly). There was extensive blackening of the scalp and necrosis of the soft tissues, which is unusual in Phormia regina myiasis.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Scanning electron microscopy of human head louse (Anoplura: Pediculidae) egg and its clinical ramifications.

Pediculosis affects more elementary school students than all other communicable childhood diseases combined, excluding the common cold. The current study using scanning electron microscopy visualized operculums through which developing embryos received oxygen, as well as fracture lines within the adherent sheath by which the egg is attached to the hair. Using microscopic techniques, including freeze-fracturing, the mode of attachment of the sheath to the hair follicle was observed, in addition to the existence of several inner membranes enclosing the embryo within the egg structure. The chemical nature of the sheath is also analyzed using electron dispersive x-ray analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Neurological abnormalities associated with CDMA exposure.

Dysaesthesiae of the scalp and neurological abnormality after mobile phone use have been reported previously, but the roles of the phone per se or the radiations in causing these findings have been questioned. We report finding a neurological abnormality in a patient after accidental exposure of the left side of the face to mobile phone radiation [code division multiple access (CDMA)] from a down-powered mobile phone base station antenna. He had headaches, unilateral left blurred vision and pupil constriction, unilateral altered sensation on the forehead, and abnormalities of current perception thresholds on testing the left trigeminal ophthalmic nerve. His nerve function recovered during 6 months follow-up. His exposure was 0.015-0.06 mW/cm(2) over 1-2 h. The implications regarding health effects of radiofrequency radiation are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The role of community pharmacists in prescribing medication for the treatment of head lice.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to discover whether the use of community pharmacy, rather than general practice, as the first port of call for suspected head lice infestation would represent an acceptable, effective and cost-reducing means of management in the community. METHODS: A before-and-after study was carried out of a new system of care delivery. Between September and November 1997, pharmacists in Nottingham City West recorded details of all patients attending with prescriptions for head lice treatment or those purchasing over-the-counter medication. The new system of care delivery began in January 1998, during which, pharmacists were providing advice and treatment for head lice, in the absence of a referral from general practice. Changes in prescribing behaviour were assessed from Prescribing Analysis and Cost (PACT) data. Acceptability and subjective assessment of the scheme (patients and professionals) was gauged from questionnaires. RESULTS: Referral patterns were altered drastically (away from general practice and towards self-referral) by the project, and the changes were apparent within the first month. This trend continued throughout and beyond the formal evaluation period. Cost analysis suggests that the community pharmacy scheme generates resource savings, largely driven by the lower cost of a pharmacy consultation, as opposed to a GP consultation. Questionnaire evidence suggests that both patients and health care professionals viewed the new arrangement as at least as acceptable as the old. CONCLUSION: With respect to the original objective, the new delivery system appears to provide no evidence of ineffectiveness; evidence of acceptability on the part of the majority of patients and professionals; and evidence of improved cost-effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Tufted folliculitis. A specific bacterial disease?

Residual groups of hair follicles and unusual "tufts" of multiple hairs emerging from single follicular openings have been described in scarring alopecia associated with staphylococcal infection. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain these findings. Histological study of four cases suggests that retention of telogen hairs through several hair cycles may be responsible for this phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Malignant primitive neuroectodermal tumor presenting as a scalp nodule.

We report a case of a 20-year-old woman who presented with a 3-year history of a stable cystic nodule on the scalp. Light microscopy of the excised nodule demonstrated a malignant small round cell undifferentiated neoplasm. Immunohistochemical studies suggested a neural crest origin, while ultrastructural examination revealed characteristics of schwannian differentiation. Both of these special techniques were essential in establishing the diagnosis of a malignant epithelioid schwannoma of superficial tissue (neurotropic melanoma, desmoplastic melanoma). We discuss the differential diagnoses and describe the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of this tumor. This case illustrates the difficulty of diagnosing this rare malignant tumor, which masqueraded as a benign-appearing scalp lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Intravascular spread of keratoacanthoma. An alarming but benign phenomenon.

We report a patient with a keratoacanthoma of the scalp in which there was invasion of several medium-sized vessels by the tumour at a distance from the main lesion. A marked inflammatory response within the invaded vessels as well as a benign clinical course do not suggest that this phenomenon represents malignant transformation.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1994

Cutaneous ciliated cyst of the scalp. A case report with immunohistochemical evidence for estrogen and progesterone receptors.

The cutaneous ciliated cyst (CCC) is an unusual lesion found in young women that typically occurs on the lower extremities. This report describes a case of CCC arising in the scalp, a previously undescribed anatomic location for this lesion. In addition, positive nuclear staining for estrogen and progesterone receptors is demonstrated by immunohistochemical methods. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗