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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Prolonged Exposure versus Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD rape victims.

This controlled study evaluated the relative efficacy of Prolonged Exposure (PE) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) compared to a no-treatment wait-list control (WAIT) in the treatment of PTSD in adult female rape victims (n = 74). Improvement in PTSD as assessed by blind independent assessors, depression, dissociation, and state anxiety was significantly greater in both the PE and EMDR group than the WAIT group (n = 20 completers per group). PE and EMDR did not differ significantly for change from baseline to either posttreatment or 6-month follow-up measurement for any quantitative scale.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The crisis of rape: a community response.

While rape has consistently been viewed as both a personal and familial crisis, there is little evidence that its impact on the community at large has been addressed. The authors describe a program incorporating mental health education and crisis intervention strategies developed in response to a community's reaction to several sexual assaults of children. Program design and implications for replication are also discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Supportive and unsupportive responses of others to rape victims: effects on concurrent victim adjustment.

Evaluated the impact that actions of significant others have on adjustment following rape. Significant other behavior is conceptualized as having two dimensions--supportive behavior and unsupportive behavior--and each dimension was measured using multiple items. Unsupportive behavior, but not supportive behavior, was found to bear a significant association to victim adjustment. Implications for those who work with victims are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Change in rape narratives during exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.

This paper presents a coding system developed to explore changes in narratives of rape during therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involving repeated reliving and recounting of the trauma. Relationships between narrative categories hypothesized to be affected by the treatment and treatment outcome were also examined. As hypothesized, narrative length increased from pre- to post-treatment, percentage of actions and dialogue decreased and percentage of thoughts and feelings increased, particularly thoughts reflecting attempts to organize the trauma memory. Also as expected, increase in organized thoughts was correlated negatively with depression. While indices of fragmentation did not significantly decrease during therapy, the hypothesized correlation between decrease in fragmentation and reduction in trauma-related symptoms was detected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Management of rape victims (regarding STD treatment and pregnancy prevention): do academic emergency departments practice what they preach?

This study sought to determine how rape victims are managed in emergency departments with respect to disease and pregnancy prevention. Surveys were sent to directors of emergency medicine residencies and pediatric emergency medicine fellowships. Results indicate that there is some discrepancy between presence of an institutional policy and practice.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1977

Use of different chemical methods for acid phosphatase in cases of rape.

Generally acid phosphatase (ACP) assay is used for testing cases of alleged rape. Comparison of three different chemical methods for Acid Phosphatase (Andersch's method with p-nitrophenyl-phosphate substrate and tartrate inhibitor (A-Tart), Roy's method with thymolphthalein phosphate substrate (R-TMP), and Babson's method with alphanaphthyl phosphate substrate) indicated that Roy's method (R-TMP) should be the preferred one. This method had both acceptable sensitivity and confirmed specificity. Our data confirmed that the vaginal wash of normal healthy women has a very low level of ACP activity. Because of inconclusive data in the literature regarding this ACP level, a normal and equivocal range of ACP was suggested until more is known about causes and interferences. Possible sources of normal ACP activity in the wash fluids were also indicated.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Compulsive weight lifting and anabolic drug abuse among women rape victims.

In the course of a study of 75 female weight lifters, we encountered 10 (13%) who reported that they were raped as teenagers or adults. Nine of these women began or greatly increased their weight lifting activities after the assault to be better able to defend themselves against men. Seven began abusing anabolic steroids and/or clenbuterol to gain muscle mass. Compulsive weight lifting and anabolic substance abuse may represent another form of response to the trauma of sexual assault.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Traumatic rectal hematoma following anal rape.

We describe the case of a 28-year-old male prisoner with a traumatic rectal hematoma caused by anal rape. Barium enema showed a large rectal mass confirmed to be a hematoma by proctoscopic examination. Surgery was performed due to a falling hemoglobin level, and an 800-mL hematoma was evacuated. The patient became febrile following surgery, and computed tomography revealed a pelvic mass consistent with recurrent hematoma or abscess. Repeat surgery showed recurrent hematoma. The patient recovered uneventfully.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Rape evidence kit: simplified procedures for the emergency department.

The crime of rape requires medical evaluation and therapy concomitant with the collection of legal evidence for potential prosecution. A practical, inexpensive evidence kit has been disigned that meets the needs of the local health department, police department, hospital emergency centers, and district attorney personnel. Costs of assembly and specimen analysis are assumed by the police department. Chain of custody is assured through tamper-proof bags, appropriate reporting forms and police involvement in specimen pick-up. Victims participate in chain of custody by sharing in collection and authorization. The requirement for physician appearance in court is thus lessened. Standardization of examination and reporting prompts all community hospitals to share in examinations, preventing over loading of a single, busy facility. Six months' experience had borne out the anticipated simplification of collection, standardization of reporting, and reduction of physician involvement in legal procedures.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed2001

DYS STR analysis with epithelial cells in a rape case.

We report here the application of Y-chromosomal DNA analysis in a rape case, which occurred in Stuttgart, Germany. Microscopic examination of the victim's vaginal swabs and her underwear showed no sperm cells. DNA was extracted from vaginal and epithelial cells and analysed with the autosomal systems SE33, THO1 (singleplex) and with the multiplex Profiler Plus (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA). The results of these autosomal STR analysis gave no hint at a mixed sample and failed to identify a male profile. DYS STR analysis with the systems DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS19 and DYS389 I/II showed the same characteristic features as the suspect. We used this incomplete haplotype to search in the Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database via Internet. In a Caucasian population sample of 3589 minimal haplotypes we found 71 matches. The suspect confessed the crime and was finally condemned to 4 years imprisonment.

DNA↗
PubMed2003

Testing the utility of a geographical profiling approach in three rape series of a single offender: a case study.

The purpose of the study was to test the potential utility of a geographical profiling approach for three separate series of rapes committed by a single offender. Two different mathematical distance-decay functions using either a normal distribution with a mean distance and standard deviation based on previous research or a truncated negative exponential function based on distances between crime sites in the series under investigation were applied to each of the series giving prioritised search areas the accuracy of which was then assessed. The prioritised area that had to be searched before the home base of the offender could be located varied from 7.60 km(2) or 2.15% of the total search area at its best to 15 1.10 km(2) or 42.66% at its worst for the normal distribution based on previous research and from 42.06 km(2) or 11.88% to no improvement when the truncated negative exponential function was used. The functions used showed less predictive ability when the offender was a commuter. Explanations for the variations in the findings as well as suggestions for improvements were outlined in the discussion.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1998

False allegations of pregnancy resulting from incestuous rape and physician misconduct: proof positive.

BACKGROUND: The veracity of adult allegations of remote childhood sexual abuse have been the focus of intense debate fueled by the controversy over both repressed and false memory syndromes. Likewise, increased awareness of physician misconduct in recent years has mandated numerous policy statements and task force guidelines to protect patients. CASE: A 23-year-old woman alleged that she had suffered incestuous rape at age 12 years, resulting in pregnancy. She named a physician who she claimed had performed an illegal pregnancy termination. Subsequent evaluations revealed that she had uterovaginal agenesis. CONCLUSION: Neither sexual abuse nor physician misconduct should be tolerated, and all such allegations deserve thorough and expeditious investigations. However, we must remain cognizant that any such allegation may be false and have devastating consequences for the unjustly accused.

Abortion, Illegal↗
PubMed2003

Retrospective study of alleged rape victims attended at Forensic Medicine Department of Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh.

Sexual assault is one of the fast growing violent crimes in Bangladesh. We carried out a retrospective study of 675 alleged rape victims out of total examined 1665 cases during 1994-2000. In the last seven years, 441 victims refused examination and a final report is pending in 2.4% cases due to non-availability of ancillary investigation reports. We found that 48.9% cases were sexually abused based on history, physical evidence and opinion of the examining doctor although high vaginal swab for spermatozoa was found to be negative in all cases. Out of 675 cases studied in this paper, 33.5% was in the 12-15 year age group, in 511 cases the assailant was known to the victims, 23.7% was reported and was examined within 72 h of occurrence, unmarried persons constituted 56.6% cases and 69.9% was literate. In 45.8% of the cases the victims were abused during the daytime. Non-genital violence was observed in 91 cases, 2.9% was admitted to the hospital, 2% reported with pregnancy, 0.4% reported with abortion and four cases had a history of previous abuse. Genital findings included hymenal rupture in 38.9% and 9.6% cases of forchette were found with recent tears. In 248 cases, opinion was negative due to delayed attendance, false charge and time-consuming procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A statewide survey of age at first intercourse for adolescent females and age of their male partners: relation to other risk behaviors and statutory rape implications.

In a statewide survey of a representative sample of adolescent girls in 8th-12th grades (N = 4201), information was obtained on age at first intercourse and age of their male partners. Excluding intercourse experiences where physical force was threatened or used, 31% had intercourse by age 15 and 45% by age 16. Contrary to the impression left by studies of teenage mothers, girls who first had sex between age 13 and age 15 or between age 16 and age 18 did not have a large percentage of much older partners (5 or more years older; 12 and 7%, respectively). The percentage of much older partners was higher, however, for girls who had sex in very early adolescence, ages 11-12 (34%). Much older male partners were associated with greater problem behaviors for girls who first had intercourse in very early adolescence (11-12), but less so for those who first had intercourse between age 13 and age 15 (truancy only) and not at all for those who first had intercourse at between 16 and 18. Regardless of partner's age disparity, earlier age at first intercourse during adolescence was associated with a greater number of other problem behaviors. The implications of these findings for recent calls to enforce statutory rape laws more stringently to reduce teenage pregnancy were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on heart rate variability during REM sleep in female rape victims with PTSD.

Six female rape victims with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were assessed for sleep disturbances. Five responded to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and one did not complete treatment. Sympatho-vagal balance was measured using heart rate variability (HRV) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The treatment responders significantly decreased on HRV while the noncompleter increased. The responders also significantly decreased on sleep disturbances. The noncompleter remained unchanged. Thus a remission in PTSD symptoms following CBT accompanied a reduction in the HRV indicator of sympathetic predominance in REM sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Rape myth acceptance and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault: an Internet experiment.

Processing strategies in risk assessment were studied in an Internet experiment. Women (N = 399) who were either low or high in rape myth acceptance (RMA) were asked to recall either two or six behaviors that either increase or decrease the risk of being sexually assaulted. Later they judged their personal vulnerability to sexual assault under either no time pressure (no response deadline) or time pressure (response deadline of 5 s). Without time pressure, the results were opposite to previous research: Women low in RMA relied on ease of recall and reported higher vulnerability after recalling few rather than many risk increasing behaviors, or many rather than few risk-decreasing behaviors; women high in RMA relied on the amount of information recalled, which resulted in an opposite pattern of vulnerability judgments. No influences of ease of recall or amount recalled on vulnerability judgments were detected under time pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims.

The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive-processing therapy (CPT) with prolonged exposure and a minimal attention condition (MA) for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. One hundred seventy-one female rape victims were randomized into 1 of the 3 conditions, and 121 completed treatment. Participants were assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, the PTSD Symptom Scale, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory. Independent assessments were made at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 3 and 9 months posttreatment. Analyses indicated that both treatments were highly efficacious and superior to MA. The 2 therapies had similar results except that CPT produced better scores on 2 of 4 guilt subscales.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Pattern of change in prolonged exposure and cognitive-processing therapy for female rape victims with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Curve estimation techniques were used to identify the pattern of therapeutic change in female rape victims with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Within-session data on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale were obtained, in alternate therapy sessions, on 171 women. The final sample of treatment completers included 54 prolonged exposure (PE) and 54 cognitive-processing therapy (CPT) completers. For both PE and CPT, a quadratic function provided the best fit for the total PTSD, reexperiencing, and arousal scores. However, a difference in the line of best fit was observed for the avoidance symptoms. Although a quadratic function still provided a better fit for the PE avoidance, a linear function was more parsimonious in explaining the CPT avoidance variance. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗