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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Elongated mandibular coronoid process as a cause of mandibular hypomobility.

There are multiple factors in cases of mandibular hypomobility. One of these factors is elongated coronoid process. Two cases are presented to illustrate elongated coronoid process leading to mandibular hypomobility to help prevent misdiagnosis by clinicians. Coronoid process elongation is a rare condition. Both cases reported here had pulpitis on the teeth, however endodontic treatment could not be performed due to the restricted mouth opening in both cases. There were clinical findings of restricted range of motion, especially during protrusive movements. The restrictive movements did not cause pain for either patient, and the patients were not aware of their restricted mouth opening. Panoromic radiographs were taken and evaluated. The radiographs showed elongated coronoid process bilaterally. Three-dimensional computerized tomography was taken in one case only, due to the patient's financial restrictions. In cases of restricted mandibular opening, elongated coronoid process must be considered when diagnosing the cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Emergency pulpotomy in relieving acute dental pain among Tanzanian patients.

BACKGROUND: In Tanzania, oral health services are mostly in the form of dental extractions aimed at alleviating acute dental pain. Conservative methods of alleviating acute dental pain are virtually non-existent. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to determine treatment success of emergency pulpotomy in relieving acute dental pain. METHODS SETTING: School of Dentistry, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal study. PARTICIPANTS: 180 patients who presented with dental pain due to acute irreversible pulpitis during the study period between July and August 2001. Treatment and evaluation: Patients were treated by emergency pulpotomy on permanent posterior teeth and were evaluated for pain after one, three and six week's post-treatment. Pain, if present, was categorised as either mild or acute. RESULTS: Of the patients with treated premolars, 25 (13.9%) patients did not experience pain at all while 19 (10.6%) experienced mild pain. None of the patients with treated premolars experienced acute pain. Among 136 patients with treated molars 56 (31%) did not experience any pain, 76 (42.2%) experienced mild pain and the other 4 (2.2%) suffered acute pain. CONCLUSION: The short term treatment success of emergency pulpotomy was high being 100% for premolars and 97.1% for molars, suggesting that it can be recommended as a measure to alleviate acute dental pain while other conservative treatment options are being considered.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Autotransplantation of an impacted third molar: an orthodontic case report.

This case report describes the use of autotransplantation as part of an orthodontic treatment plan where there was early loss of an upper molar tooth secondary to irreversible pulpitis. An impacted lower third molar, which had symptoms of pericoronitis, was transplanted into the upper left second molar socket. Fixed orthodontic treatment, to correct the patient's initial complaint of crowding, was completed in 22 months. The transplanted tooth remained vital and functional throughout.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Defence reaction in dental pulp after pulp capping and partial pulpectomy in dogs.

The dental pulp was capped indirectly or directly, or partial vital pulpectomy was performed on the 12 functionally most important teeth of 24 beagle dogs. For pulp capping, calcium hydroxide was used, followed by zinc phosphate as a lining, and the preparation was restored with amalgam or composite material. Histological sections were prepared and examined for degree and type of pulp inflammation (hyperaemia, pulpitis, necrosis or gangrene). Degenerative changes of dental pulp (vacuolation, calcification, amyloid or hyaline changes) were also determined. For indirect pulp capping the width of predentine in crown and root dental pulp was measured, and for direct pulp capping and partial pulpectomy (vital pulpotomy) the width and quality of the dentinal bridge were graded. The radical method of partial vital pulpectomy of the coronal part of the dental pulp in dogs produced better quality and continuity of the dentinal bridge than the less radical method of direct pulp capping. This was particularly obvious in small single root teeth such as incisors.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Photodynamic therapy as an alternative antimicrobial modality for oral infections.

Infections of the mouth are mostly local in nature, but if left untreated, may lead to potentially life-threatening conditions. Mouth infections, such as caries, pulpitis, periodontal disease, and oral mucosal infections, such as mouth ulcers, are readily accessible and thus well suited to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Many organisms, which may cause infections in the oral cavity, have been found to be susceptible to PDT to varying degrees. Several photosensitizers have been shown to be effective against target organisms without inducing damage to the host tissues. The use of appropriate photosensitizers and light doses can eradicate virtually all organisms in the region, but in the oral cavity where there is a balance of native microflora, this would potentially be a problem leading to the overgrowth of opportunistic organisms. This may be overcome using a photosensitizer linked to an antibody recognizing the target organisms. At present, treatment of infections with PDT appears best for localized and superficial infections. Treatment of deeply seated infections, such as abscesses, may also be possible with improvements in the delivery of the sensitizer and light. PDT has the potential to become established as an alternative antimicrobial approach for oral infections and deserves further evaluation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Sodium acetylsalicylate and the role of prostaglandins in the mechanism of intradental pain.

In order to study the effect of sodium acetylsalicylate and the role of prostaglandins on intradental nerve impulse activity experiments were performed on the teeth of anaesthetized cats. Nerve impulse activity was induced by mechanical and chemical stimuli and recorded by means of electrodes inserted into dentinal cavities. It was shown that such activity could not be blocked by sodium acetylsalicylate or indomethacin given locally or i.v. PGE2 failed to excite the sensory units when given locally (3.5 microng/ml) or intraarterially (35-140 ng/min) alone or in combination with mechanical and thermal stimuli or combined with local application of histamine (10 mg/ml) or bradykinin (10 mg/ml). Intraarterial infusion or arachidonic acid, a precursor to PGE2, PGF2 alpha PGG2 and PGH2 failed to change the excitability even on applying local stimuli to the pulp or with local application of histamine or bradykinin. These findings seem to indicate that the increased sensitivity of the tooth to thermal stimuli seen during acute pulpitis is not due to formation of prostaglandins.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2025

Ferroptosis in Oral Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Prospects.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a pivotal vulnerability in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This review provides an overview of ferroptosis mechanisms and their implications for OSCC pathobiology and therapy. OSCC cells exhibit heightened reliance on anti-ferroptotic defenses such as GPX4, SLC7A11, FSP1, and Nrf2, and disrupting these pathways suppresses tumor growth and restores sensitivity to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Genetic and epigenetic regulators, including p53, PER1, circ_0000140, and STARD4-AS1, critically modulate ferroptotic sensitivity, while metabolic enzymes such as ACSL4, LPCAT3, and TPI1 link ferroptosis to cellular plasticity and resistance. Preclinical studies highlight the promise of small-molecule inhibitors, repurposed agents (e.g., sorafenib, artesunate, trifluoperazine), natural compounds (e.g., piperlongumine, Evodia lepta, quercetin), and nanomedicine platforms for targeted ferroptosis induction. We further address ferroptosis within the tumor microenvironment, highlighting its immunogenic and context-dependent dual roles, and summarize genomic and transcriptomic evidence linking ferroptosis-related genes to patient prognosis. Beyond cancer, ferroptosis also contributes to non-malignant oral diseases, including pulpitis, periodontitis, and infection-associated inflammation, where inhibitors may protect tissues. Despite these advances, clinical translation is constrained by the lack of safe ferroptosis inducers and validated biomarkers. Future research should focus on developing pharmacologically viable GPX4 inhibitors, refining biomarker-driven patient stratification, and designing multimodal regimens that combine ferroptosis induction with standard therapies while preserving immune and tissue integrity. Ferroptosis therefore represents both a mechanistic framework and a translational opportunity to reshape oral oncology and broader oral disease management.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Mineral trioxide aggregate as a pulpotomy agent in primary molars: an in vivo study.

The retention of pulpally involved deciduous tooth in a healthy state until the time of normal exfoliation remains to be one of the challenges for Pedodontists. A scientific noise has been generated about several materials some of which have been popular pulpotomy medicaments. Concerns have been raised about the toxicity and potential carcinogenicity of these materials, and alternatives have been proposed to maintain the partial pulp vitality, however to date no material has been accepted as an ideal pulpotomy agent. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a biocompatible material which provides a biological seal. MTA has been proposed as a potential medicament for various pulpal procedures like pulp capping with reversible pulpitis, apexification, repair of root perforations, etc. Hence the present study was done to evaluate the efficacy of MTA as a pulpotomy medicament. A clinical and radiographic evaluation was done on children where MTA was used as pulpotomy medicament in primary molars for a period of 6 months and it was found to be a successful material.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2005

Dental morbidity in United Kingdom Armed Forces, Iraq 2003.

The aim of this article was to review the dental morbidity experienced by U.K. Armed Forces serving in Iraq from deployment on Operation Telic in January 2003 until the end of phase 1 on May 1, 2003. U.K. Armed Forces dental teams treated 1800 emergency patients, including 135 prisoners of war. A total of 1523 of these were regular troops and 101 were reservists or Royal Fleet Auxiliary troops. This gave morbidity rates of 148 cases per 1,000 personnel per year for the Royal Navy/Royal Marines and 160 cases per 1,000 per year for the Army. Lost restorations and fractured teeth were by far the most common problems experienced, followed by pericoronitis, pulpitis, and periapical pathological conditions. Both the rates of morbidity and the types of problems experienced were very similar to those reported by other nations in previous conflicts.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1998

[Medical informatics in the training of students, dentists and teachers in dental schools].

Philosophy of training students, physicians, and tutors of dentistry schools in medical informatics and the relevant curricula are discussed. Specialized software for differential diagnosis and treatment of the major stomatological diseases (dental caries, pulpitis, periodontitis, mucosal, periodontal, oral diseases, tumors, rapid methods for AIDS screening, etc.) are presented.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1999

[The results and outlook for the use of mathematical methods and computer technology in dentistry].

Development and introduction into wide practice of various mathematical methods (systemic, regression, and factor analyses, etc.) and modern computation devices (personal computers, local computer network, etc.) is shown. These devices extended the potentialities of differential diagnosis and pathogenetic (including laser) therapy of the major oral diseases (dental carries, pulpitis, periodontitis, periodontal diseases and buccal mucosa, odontogenic inflammations, tumors, etc.).

Computing Methodologies↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of artificial traumatic occlusion on the pulp and periodontium in rat molars].

In order to study relationship between the period of occlusal trauma and pulpal and periodontal tissues, 44 rats were used in experimental occlusal trauma. The pulpal and periodontal tissues of rat molars were observed by histological examination and micrographic examination. The results showed that the damage of pulp became more serious as time went on, but periodontium appeared adaptive changes. The same changing area in periodontal tissues were observed between histological section and micrographic film. The results provide experimental evidences for the pathology and pathogeny of pulpitis and perioapical periodontitis caused by occlusal trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Tooth and periodontal disease: a review for the primary-care physician.

Dental diseases are widespread and are often underrecognized and treated. Caries and periodontal disease are common dental conditions that cause the majority of tooth loss. Although these conditions are preventable, many persons do not receive regular dental care and have acute problems when seen by their physician. Dental diseases frequently affect patients with multiple systemic disorders, including autoimmune disorders, diabetes, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The presence of dental disease may trigger inflammatory responses and have systemic consequences. Since dental disease affects almost all individuals, physicians should be able to recognize common conditions such as caries, periodontal disease, pulpitis, and dental abscess. In addition to initiating treatment and appropriate dental referrals, physicians should be familiar with the management of antibiotics and medications in the perioperative period. Another important role for physicians is to help reduce the societal and economic impact of these diseases through patient education and prevention.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[Ancient Egyptian Odontology].

In ancient Egypt during the reign of Pharaoh Djoser, circa 2650 BC, the Step Pyramid was constructed by Imhotep. He was later worshiped as the God of Medicine. One of his contemporaries was the powerful writer Hesy who is reproduced on a panel showing a rebus of a swallow, a tusk and an arrow. He is therefore looked upon as being the first depicted odontologist. The art of writing begun in Egypt in about 3100 BC and the medical texts we know from different papyri were copied with hieratic signs around 1900-1100 BC. One of the most famous is the Papyrus Ebers. It was purchased by professor Ebers on a research travel to Luxor in 1873. Two years later a beautiful facsimile in color was published and the best translation came in 1958 in German. The text includes 870 remedies and some of them are related to teeth and oral troubles like pain in the mouth, gingivitis, periodontitis and cavities in the teeth. The most common oral pain was probably pulpitis caused by extreme attrition due to the high consumption of bread contaminated with soil and/or quern minerals. Another text is the Papyrus Edwin Smith with four surgical cases of dental interest. The "toothworms" that were presumed to bring about decayed teeth have not been identified in the medical texts. It was not until 1889 W.D. Miller presented a scientific explanation that cavities were caused by bacteria. In spite of extensive research only a few evidence of prosthetic and invasive treatments have been found and these dental artifacts have probably been made post mortem. Some of the 150 identified doctors were associated with treatments of disorders of the mouth. The stele of Seneb from Sa'is during the 26th dynasty of Psamtik, 664-525 BC, shows a young man who probably was a dental healer well known to Pharaoh and his court. Clement of Alexandria mentions circa 200 AD that the written knowledge of the old Egyptians was gathered in 42 collections of papyri. Number 37-42 contained the medical writings. The household remedies in ancient Egypt were unique and future research will most likely give us new answers about pathology and health care of that time and a better understanding of old medical concepts.

Dentistry↗
PubMed2000

[The study of histopathology and bacteriology of coronal pulp tissue in deciduous teeth with deep dentin caries].

OBJECTIVE: To study the status of coronal pulp of deciduous teeth with deep caries and causes of pulpal histopathological changes. METHODS: 45 deciduous molars with occlusal deep caries were selected at random. The patients did not receive any antibiotic for one month. The coronal pulpal histopathology was observed with optical microscopic technique. The bacteria in pulp chamber were cultured by the ways of aerobic and anaerobic culture technique. The dentinal tubular structures and bacteria within the tubules of cavity basal part dentin were studied with scanning electron microscopic technique. RESULTS: Coronal pulp tissue of 77.8% of deciduous teeth with deep caries showed chronic inflammation to various degrees or chronic pulpitis with acute attack. There were aerobic and anaerobic mixed infection in pulp chambers of 94.9% deciduous teeth with deep caries. It was found that coccus and bacillus invaded into dentinal tubules of cavity basal part. Coccus located inside tubules with intact tubular walls, while tubular walls were destroyed the bacillus was present. CONCLUSION: There are aerobic and anaerobic mixed infection in pulp chamber of deciduous teeth with deep caries. The coronal pulp tissue shows chronic inflammation to various extent in over 2/3 deciduous teeth with deep caries. Bacillus has stronger destructive power to dental tubules.

Child↗
PubMed2002

[Oral pain].

Pain, a major symptom of stomatological disease, usually leads to a specialist consultation. Most commonly it is caused by dental caries and differs in nature and in intensity according to the stage of disease: dentinitis, pulpitis, desmodontitis and dental abscess. Added to this is peridental pain and the pre- and post-operative pains related to these diseases. Almost all oral-maxillary pathology is painful, be it boney such as in osteomyelitis and fractures, mucosal in gingivo-stomatitis and aphthous ulcers, or tumourous. However, besides the "multidisciplinary" facial pains such as facial neuralgia and vascular pain, two pain syndromes are specific to stomatology: pain of the tempero-mandibular joint associated with problems of the bite and glossodynia, a very common somatic expression of psychological problems.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed2002

Postoperative complaints following impacted mandibular third molar surgery in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

An investigation into the pattern of complaints lodged by patients after impacted mandibular third molar surgery was done in a Nigerian teaching hospital over a period of 3 years. One hundred and twenty seven records were retrieved. Pericoronitis (71.2%), pulpitis (17.6%) and periodontitis (11.2%) were the reasons for surgery. No third molar surgery was done for prophylactic or orthodontic reasons. Sixty-one complaints were lodged by 49 (38.6%) patients on day 1, and 37 complaints by 35 patients on day 7. These complaints were verified by the findings of the examining clinician. Pain, swelling and trismus were the commonest complaints. A significant association (P = 0.042) was found between patients' complaints on the first postoperative day and the drug combination given. Similarly, there was a significant relationship (P = 0.0055) between the type of analgesics prescribed and the presence of postoperative pain. No significant relationship was however found between the complaints and patients' age, indication for extraction, impaction type and method of impacted tooth removal. Although the findings of this retrospective study are limited in their comparability, they suggest the need for an appraisal of pain management in patients undergoing mandibular third molar surgery in our hospital. Consequently, there should be a reduction in complaint rate thereby making selective review appointment on the first postoperative day feasible.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2003

3-year evaluation of a new open sandwich technique in Class II cavities.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the durability of a new open sandwich restoration with, as shown in a previous scanning electron microscope study, improved interfacial adaptation. A polyacid-modified resin-based composite (PMRC; compomer) was placed as an intermediate layer and covered with resin composite (RC). A direct RC restoration was used as control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 57 patients, each received at least one pair of Class II restorations, one PMRC/RC open sandwich and one RC control. In total, 75 pairs of Class II restorations, 68 premolars and 82 molars, all in occlusion, were placed by two dentists. Most of the cavities were surrounded by enamel. The restorations were evaluated at baseline, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months by a slightly modified USPHS criteria. RESULTS: Five of 148 restorations evaluated during 3 years were rated as unacceptable. Two, one in each group, because of endodontic treatment and one RC restoration was replaced because of tooth fracture. Secondary caries was observed contiguous to one restoration in each group at the 36-month recall. Except for the two patients with pulpitis, none of the others reported postoperative sensitivity. No significant differences were seen between the restoration techniques. For marginal adaptation a significant change occurred between baseline and 6 months in both groups. For marginal discoloration, a significant change was observed at 6 months in the sandwich group and at 36 months in the RC group. Color match of the resin composite material changed significantly in both groups at 36 months. It was concluded that both techniques showed good durability during the 3-year follow up.

Adolescent↗