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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Various immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use.

In recent years, a number of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations have become available, primarily in Europe. Since these preparations differ in their physical, chemical and biologic properties, the physician is frequently presented with difficulties in selecting an appropriate product. Until now, in vitro studies have been the only reliable source of evaluating these preparations. This paper describes the commercially available IVIG preparations and assesses the properties of each.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1989

Use of betapropiolactone to disinfect fresh tissue without impairing antigenicity: method applicable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive tissue.

A method for inactivating viruses in tissues is reported that does not impair the antigenicity of the Coxsackie virus or of some common tissue antigens, a common problem with standard tissue fixation methods. Tissues can be placed briefly in Betapropiolactone before cryostat sectioning without any adverse effect on preservation or antigen expression. It is suggested that use of Betapropiolactone is applicable to tissues harbouring or exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As betapropiolactone has been reported to be carcinogenic in rodents any potential danger can be avoided by basic simple precautions.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Influence of inactivated Sendai virus on early events in polyomavirus infection of permissive and nonpermissive host cells.

Quantitative radiochemical investigations have been performed regarding the influence of betapropiolactone-inactivated Sendai virus on the early events of interaction of polyomavirus with permissive and nonpermissive cells. These experiments have shown: (i) Sendai virus did not increase polyomavirus adsorption on permissive or nonpermissive cells; (ii) Sendai virus induced polyomavirus elution from permissive and nonpermissive cells during the first 40 min and 6 h postinfection, respectively; and (iii) Sendai virus promoted the penetration of polyomavirus into lysosomes only in nonpermissive cells. The maximal amounts of radioactively labeled virion DNA and viral coat proteins were found in lysosomes at 2--3 h postinfection.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1985

Competition between strains of scrapie depends on the blocking agent being infectious.

Compton White mice (Sincs7) were injected twice intraperitoneally, first with the 22A strain of scrapie agent (in brain homogenates) and then, after 105 days, with the 22C strain. Incubation periods were calculated from the time of the first injection. The experiment was designed so that, with no interaction between strains, the second strain (22C) should have produced cases about 300-350 days after the first injection, depending on the dose of 22C. This was well before the limit of 470 days set by the mean incubation period minus 3 SD of 22A alone: a limit which was used to distinguish 22C from 22A clinical cases. In fact, 22A blocked 22C as shown by (i) the lengthening of 22C incubation periods, (ii) the reduced proportion of cases due to 22C, and (iii) the reduced effective titer of 22C. The blocking efficiency of 22A was not greatly reduced by physicochemical treatments that had little or no effect on its infectivity by the intraperitoneal route. However, treatment of 22A homogenates with 6 M urea virtually eliminated infectivity and also abolished blocking ability. It is concluded that competition depends on the infectivity of the scrapie strain used for blocking.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Synthesis and biological activity of new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase inhibitors: 2-oxetanones with a meta-substituent on the benzene ring in the side chain.

Isosteric side chain analogs of 3a were synthesized and tested for inhibitory activities towards 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase and upon cholesterol production in Hep G2 cells and in mouse liver. It became clear that the lipophilic substituent on the aromatic ring and the terminal hydrophilic group in the side chain were important in the enhancement of activity. 4-[2-(3-n-Hexyloxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-methyl-2-oxetanone (5a) showed equivalent inhibitory activity in vivo to that of 1233A.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Synthesis and biological activity of new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase inhibitors: 2-oxetanones with a side chain mimicking the folded structure of 1233A.

To mimic the folded side chain conformation of 1233A (1), which is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase inhibitor, 1233A analogs with aromatic rings in the side chain were synthesized. The 2-oxetanone moiety was kept intact. Among 1233A and its synthetic analogs, trans-3-hydroxymethyl-4-[2-(7-methoxycarbonyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-2-oxe tanone (23) showed the highest HMG-CoA synthase inhibitory activity in vitro. The structure-activity relationship at the side chain is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inactivation of an astrovirus associated with poult enteritis mortality syndrome.

Outbreaks of poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS) continue to cause financial losses to the turkey industry. Clinically, PEMS is defined by mortality profiles, diarrhea, flock unevenness, and immunosuppression. PEMS is a very difficult disease to control and prevent. Depopulation of PEMS-affected flocks and thorough cleaning of the contaminated housing have failed to prevent infection (disease) in subsequent flock placements. The relationship of PEMS to other enteric disease complexes of young turkeys is unknown, partly because the causative agent of PEMS remains unknown. Recently, we isolated a unique astrovirus strain from the thymus and intestines of PEMS-infected poults. This strain is molecularly and serologically distinct from the astrovirus that circulated in turkeys in the 1980s. Mammalian astroviruses are very resistant to inactivation. In these studies, we examined the stability of partially purified PEMS-associated astrovirus to inactivation with heat, laboratory disinfectants, and commercial disinfectants used in commercial turkey houses in an embryonated egg model system. Similar to mammalian astroviruses, the PEMS-associated astrovirus is resistant to inactivation by heat, acidification, detergent treatment, and treatment with phenolic, quaternary ammonium, or benzalkonium chloride-based products. Only treatment with formaldehyde, beta-propriolactone, or the peroxymonosulfate-based product Virkon S completely inactivated the astrovirus in the embryo model. These studies provide an alternate means to potentially control at least one virus associated with PEMS through the use of specific disinfectants.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Some immunological mechanisms of the influenza virus antitumour effect.

Vaccine strains of influenza A virus inhibited the growth of ascitic tumour cells and outbred rats or inbred mice. The infected tumour bearers had an enhanced immune response to viral and specific tumour antigens. These phenomena are apparently due to the formation of complexes of both antigens on cell membranes and increased immunogenicity of such complexes.

Animals↗