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Portraits of pain and promise: a photographic study of Bosnian youth.

In the early 1990s, war erupted in Bosnia and Herzegovina, forcing large numbers of people to flee their homes and country, abandoning their culture and all that was familiar to them. For the children, often described as war's "innocent victims," the conflict and subsequent uprooting represented a dramatic end to their peaceful lives. Although many were fortunate enough to escape with their families and resettle amid more peaceful circumstances, there is considerable evidence that refugee youth are forever changed by their exposure to war and that the pain of war does not end when the fighting is over. This paper presents the results of a study with 7 Bosnian children, aged 11-14, who came to Canada as refugees during the 1990s. The everyday challenges and struggles faced by this group were explored using an innovative research method called photo novella. A secondary purpose of the research was to evaluate the merits and limitations of photo novella as a method for capturing children's perspectives and feelings. Participants were given disposable cameras and asked to take pictures of important people, places, and events. The meaning of the photographs was then explored through a dialogic process the researchers call phototalk. The findings revealed that while these children had many strengths, they continued to struggle to understand the events that so profoundly changed their lives. The results and the implications for nurses are discussed.

Acculturation↗

[Molecular portrait of human kidney carcinomas: the gene expression profiling of protein-tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases which controlled regulatory signals in the cells].

Hybridization with cDNA arrays was used to obtain expression profiles of 214 protein-tyrosine kinase, protein-tyrosine phosphatase, dual-specific phosphatase, and other genes for kidney carcinomas (KC) and normal kidney tissues of 34 patients and for seven carcinoma cell lines. Computer analysis revealed three clusters of genes coexpressed in KC. A proliferating-cell gene cluster included MET, VIM, MYC, TOP2A, PCNA, etc. A neoangiogenesis and blood-cell gene cluster included LCK, HCK, FGR, MMP9, CSFR1, VEGF, FLT1, and KDR. A cluster corresponding to normal, differentiated kidney cells included ERBB2 (HER2) for receptor protein-tyrosine kinase, several phosphatase genes (PTPRE, PTPRB, DUSP9), and EGF. The results suggested that MET, DUSP9, PCNA, TOP2A, and VIM may serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers in KC. Tubulin and topoisomerase II were assumed to be promising targets for cell proliferation inhibitors in KC.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

Female immigrants: a socioeconomic portrait.

"In this study, we supplement the limited knowledge about immigrant women by documenting their presence in the U.S. immigration flow and their socioeconomic standing. In doing so we review some of the theoretical explanations for female international migration.... We use two measures of inequality. First, the standing of immigrant women relative to native women; second, evaluation of the standing of immigrant women relative to immigrant men."

Americas↗