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Results for “Personality Development”

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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Validation of multiplex polymorphic STR amplification sets developed for personal identification applications.

Polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci, which typically consist of variations in the number of 3-7 base pair repeats present at a site, provide an effective means of personal identification. Typing can be accomplished by amplification of genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and locus-specific primers, separation of amplified alleles using gel electrophoresis and their display using silver staining or fluorescent detection. Primers for several STR loci can be combined in a single multiplex reaction so typing of multiple loci can be accomplished rapidly and with less DNA than required if each locus were analyzed separately. Before such muliplex systems are used in forensic or paternity applications, it is desirable that they undergo testing for their reliability. This study evaluates the performance of two STR triplex systems, one containing the loci HUMCSF1PO, HUMTPOX, and HUMTH01, and the other containing HUMHPRTB, HUMFESFPS, and HUMVWFA31. Protocols for amplification of these two triplexes, and their corresponding monoplexes, were evaluated for sensitivity of detection, resistance to changes in the annealing temperature of the amplification protocol, and the ability to identify the minority contributor in amplification of mixed samples. In addition, five laboratories determined the alleles of twenty DNA samples, each extracted by one of four different extraction methods. The results illustrate that the two STR triplex systems and the monoplex systems contained within them can be used with as little as 0.25 ng of DNA template. Both triplexes amplified with 100% success using the Perkin Elmer Model 480 thermal cycler. With the GeneAmp 9600 System, the CTT triplex amplified with 100% success and the HFv triplex in 95.6% of attempts. These experiments meet many requirements for use in validation of DNA typing systems for forensic cases and paternity identification.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1988

The importance of regressive changes in the development of the nervous system: towards a neurobiological theory of child development.

In this paper we propose that theories of early personality development be revised to consider knowledge of neurodevelopment. Research findings are reviewed that have established the presence of regressive changes in the normal development of the brain. These regressive changes, consisting of neuronal death and process and synapse elimination, are theoretically linked to three precursors of personality: sex differences, temperamental traits and perceptual-motor coordination. Evidence supporting these hypotheses is provided from studies examining how the effects of genetic, environmental, and experiential factors on brain development may determine the development of these personality features.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The Piano, the animus, and the colonial experience.

Focused principally on an analysis of Ada, the mute heroine of Jane Campion's The Piano, this article shows how post-Jungian animus theory illuminates that character's mysterious personality. In particular, Ann Ulanov's thoughts about animus development are connected with Demaris Wehr's observations concerning the internalization of social oppression in an argument that shows how, notwithstanding she is a woman, Ada is a product of colonial oppression. Her mythological antecedents are also considered, and are particularly marked in that she resembles the handless maiden in Marie-Louise von Franz's analysis of that fairy tale. In this context Ada's ultimate renunciation of her husband is symbolically reinforced by the developing personality of her daughter Flora. The changes in both characters can be seen as implying not only the rebirth of Ada's psyche but also the emergence of a new psychological readiness to throw off the colonial mantle.

Female↗
PubMed1994

[Dysthymia: a model of the interaction between personality traits and psychopathologic state?].

The subtlety and complexity of the relationships between biology and psychology are nowhere more important than in the study of personality and dysthymic states. The study of personality and affective illness can aid in understanding the relationship between temperamental factors and personality, delineating the role of mood in personality development and expression, generating theories about the impact of personality structure on the clinical presentation of symptoms and identifying personality predictors on treatment responsiveness and compliance.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1985

Second cancer following cancer of the respiratory system in Connecticut, 1935-1982.

The risk of a person developing a second primary cancer was evaluated in approximately 30,000 persons who developed cancer of the respiratory system in Connecticut between 1935 and 1982. A significant 44% excess of all second cancers was observed following cancer of the lung (614 observed vs. 426 expected). The excess of second tumors was 72% following cancer of the larynx (541 vs. 314) and 34% following cancer of the nasal cavities and sinuses (43 vs. 32). For cancers of the lung and larynx, second cancers arose mainly along the respiratory tract or other sites associated with cigarette smoking (oral cavity, bladder, kidney). A threefold excess of esophageal cancer followed cancer of the larynx, which was indicative of risk factors in common (alcohol and tobacco) and possibly an effect of radiotherapy. Radiotherapy may have contributed also to the increased risk of second lung and breast cancers. A slight excess risk of leukemia after lung cancer points to a possible effect of chemotherapy given for certain histologic types. An unexpected finding was a significant 50% increased risk of colon cancer following cancer of the larynx. Significant excesses of prostate cancer are probably artifacts associated with increased medical surveillance and higher autopsy rates among cancer patients than in the general population. No deficits of any second cancers were observed. The risk of a second cancer developing did not appear to vary by sex or time since initial diagnosis, except that the risks following cancer of the nasal cavities and sinuses returned to normal levels among long-term survivors. Among persons observed for 10 or more years after their initial diagnosis of cancers of the lung or larynx, the risk of developing a second cancer remained high, i.e., on the order of 50% above expectation. Further analytic studies should clarify the role of smoking, alcohol, other life-style and host factors, and various forms of therapy on the risk of second cancers following cancer of the respiratory system.

Connecticut↗
PubMed2005

Neuroimaging and personality disorders.

Within the past several years, neuroimaging research on personality disorders has begun to develop. Personality disorders can be thought of as trait-like dysfunctional patterns in cognitive, affective, impulse control, and interpersonal domains. These domains of dysfunction have been linked to specific neural circuits. Developments in brain imaging techniques have allowed researchers to examine the neural integrity of these circuits in personality-disordered individuals. This article reviews the neuroimaging literature on borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder (including psychopathy) and schizotypal personality disorder. Functional and structural studies provide support for dysfunction in fronto-limbic circuits in borderline and antisocial personality disorder, whereas temporal lobe and basal striatal-thalamic compromise is evident in schizotypal personality disorder.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1993

[Role of the family in the development of borderline personality disorder].

The role of family in the development of borderline personality disorder is examined with an emphasis on dimensions of family functioning. A synthesis of theoretical concepts implicating such factors, derived mostly from psychoanalysis, is proposed with an emphasis on separation-individuation, early frustrations, regression to recognition memory, oscillations in attachment and social influences. Empirical studies are reviewed. Affective neglect and parental overprotection are often cited, although dysfunctional behaviour control may have a regulatory effect on these factors and a crucial impact on psychic reality of the patient recalling his childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Contributions of psychoanalysis to the understanding and treatment of depression.

Psychoanalysis continues to make important contributions to basic clinical understanding of adaptive and maladaptive psychological development, and particularly to the understanding of depression and its treatment. This paper demonstrates that a basic theoretical conceptualization, central to many of Freud's fundamental contributions, has provided the basis for a wide range of contemporary psychoanalytic and nonpsychoanalytic formulations of personality development and organization; for understanding various forms of psychopathology in adults as deriving from disruptions of normal developmental processes, especially personality disorders and depression; and for conducting research on psychotherapeutic process and outcome in both brief and long-term intensive treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Worker equality and adult development: the kibbutz as a developmental model.

Adults' social status, particularly their occupations, is a powerful predictor of their level of moral and ego development. This association's inevitability was tested by examining the relationship of personal development with social status among 3 groups of workers. Results showed that kibbutz workers' moral and ego development were not significantly associated with educational, occupational, or social class standing, but that Israeli city and North American workers' moral and ego development were significantly associated with all measures of social status. In further contrast, work complexity was significantly associated with both moral and ego development only for kibbutz workers, suggesting that they engage in jobs that are appropriate to their psychological development without creating social inequality. Implications for developmental theory and workplace research are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Empirical comparative studies of the psychosocial development and problems of psychiatric patients and healthy control probands].

The passage from adolescence to young adulthood is characterized by a series of decisive developmental tasks. The significance of the adaptational patterns established in these years derives from their long-lasting influences on the psychosocial development during adult life. The psychosocial development of psychiatrically ill and healthy young adults was compared in respect to self image (Offer), identity status (Adams) and level of ego functionality (Loevinger). Patients showed serious deficits in general psychosocial adaptation (self image) especially pronounced in the areas of private personality development and family life. They were significantly less able to respect a developmental logic of exploration and commitment in the formation of identity. And their level of ego functions was primarily unmature, preconformist. There were important differences in the adaptational patterns of patient subgroups indicating a remarkably unfavourable psychosocial development of the nonpsychotic patients. Subjective (self image) and objective criteria (premorbid adaptation, actual psychosocial competence) of psychosocial development corresponded well.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Individuality, context, and the search for meaning.

A developmental systems approach incorporates clinical perspectives and offers a background for thinking about some of the ways we do research. Recent advances reveal both research opportunities and needs related to fostering child development in a pluralistic, democratic society. 4 topics are addressed that deal with individuality, context, and the search for meaning. First, individuality is discussed wherein our abstract thinking and our quantitative individual differences methods have revealed an urgent need to study the developing person. Second, classification is considered wherein our systematizing efforts reveal a need to understand the interplay among classified features of the person, as well as the particular methods that underlie our classifications. Third, the experiencing of development is discussed, wherein recent advances have revealed new ways of thinking about an individual's nonconscious--procedural and practicing--activities in development, as well as those activities that are conscious. Fourth, the issue of values is considered. Values contribute to our doing research, and we also need to acknowledge their importance as the object of developmental study in 4 children. The appreciation of context, of multiple windows of observation, and of our emotional "centeredness" as human beings who communicate and cooperate with others are crosscutting themes of the essay.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Therapy of depressed and suicidal children.

The author postulates that depression exists in adolescents, with the level of ego development producing varying clinical pictures. Therapy is based upon the psychoanalytic theory of personality development. Individual treatment is based on age and intelligence of patient, level of ego development, defenses utilized, attitude of parents, and community facilities available.

Adjustment Disorders↗