Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Pericarditis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Toxoplasma pericarditis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Large pericardial effusions are now a well-known complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, mainly caused by mycobacterial disease. However, other etiologies can be found. We report a case of toxoplasma pericarditis without other parasitic localizations. Pericarditis is a very uncommon clinical feature during toxoplasmosis. Its diagnosis is often difficult to establish, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Nevertheless, its possible evolution to constriction or tamponade requires its consideration. New methods of rapid tissue cultures may be helpful and allow early specific treatment.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1976

Haemorrhagic pericarditis and cardiac tamponade during chronic haemodialysis.

Three cases of uraemic haemorrhagic pericarditis observed during haemodialysis treatment are described. The condition is explained with uraemic toxicosis, cyclic heparinaemia resulting from dialysis, deficient thrombocyte function, and decreased capillary resistance. The clinical appearance of haemorrhagic pericarditis was not typical in any of the cases. Two patients died, while in one patient partial pericardiectomy was performed with success.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Study of the relationships between pericarditis and osteopathy in chronic haemodialysis.

Statistically significant correlations were demonstrable between the incidence of bone abnormalities due to parathyroid hyperfunction and of pericarditis in 130 patients maintained on chronic haemodialysis. Parathyroid hormone is regarded on these grounds as one of the possible factors accounting for the production of non-infective uraemic pericarditis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Purulent pericarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in two patients undergoing haemodialysis.

Two cases of purulent staphylococcal pericarditis successfully treated in the course of chronic haemodialysis (HD) are reported. Pericardiac fenestration was carried out in both. In the second case the first pericardiac fenestration had yielded a sterile fluid and bacterial pericarditis developed only later. The significance of local therapy, side by side with surgery and chemotherapy, is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Eosinophilic cholecystitis, appendiceal inflammation, pericarditis, and cephalosporin-associated eosinophilia.

A patient with eosinophilic cholecystitis and accompanying eosinophilic appendiceal inflammation, eosinophilic pericarditis, and peripheral eosinophilia is described. Review of the nine previously reported cases of eosinophilic cholecystitis suggests that this is the first case with closely associated eosinophilic appendiceal inflammation and pericarditis as manifestations of a systemic hypereosinophilic syndrome. The possible etiologic role of cephalosporin hypersensitivity is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Left ventricular function studies in constrictive pericarditis.

Left ventricular function studies were performed on five patients with constrictive pericarditis. Functional data were obtained from intracardiac pressure measurements and cineangiocardiographic films. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), ejection fraction (EF), stroke work index (SWI), circumferential fiber shortening, and percent circumferencial shortening were significantly below normal values in the five cases. These changes are reflected mainly in the degree of pericardial restriction. Reduction in mean Vcf was also observed. Theoretically, the velocity of ventricular internal circumferential shortening is also affected by changes in ventricular volume or resting myocardial fiber length, however, in patients with constrictive pericarditis, reduction in mean Vcf suggests left ventricular dysfunction. Our clinical studies indicate that evaluation of mean Vcf is valuable in the assessment of postoperative prognoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[A case of tuberculous granulomatous mediastinitis and constrictive pericarditis simulating malignant mediastinal tumor].

A case is 40-year-old man. He presented anterior chest pain. Pericardial effusion was pointed out and a tuberculin skin test was positive. Tuberculous pericarditis was highly suspected, so INH and RFP were medicated. After 6-month medication pericardial effusion decreased, but right pleural effusion appeared on chest X-ray. Chest CT revealed a thickening of pericardium extend to anterior mediastinal mass. Echocardiogram revealed a pressure gradient in right ventricle, which was compressed by the thickened pericardium. We underwent median sternotomy in order to rule out neoplastic diseases. Intraoperative pathologic diagnosis was granulomatous mediastinitis and pericarditis, so we resected granuloma as much as possible to decompress the heart. Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis was not found in the resected granuloma, it was most probable pathogen. He received additional antituberculous chemotherapy for 6 months.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eosinophilic pericarditis: a rare complication of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in a child.

We describe an 18-month-old child with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES) who presented with fever, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Chest X-ray showed marked cardiomegaly, and echocardiogram revealed large pericardial effusion. Other causes of pericarditis were excluded. Despite the initiation of steroid therapy, signs of impending cardiac tamponade developed. Pericardiocentesis yielded bloody fluid with a white blood count of 14,800/mm3, of which 23% were eosinophils. The child recovered after pericardial drainage and prolonged systemic steroid therapy. Eosinophilic pericarditis is a rare but potentially dangerous complication of IHES.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Purulent pericarditis in a neonate.

A 10-day-old male infant presented with rapid and labored breathing to an outside hospital. An echocardiogram demonstrated a thick, non-free-flowing pericardial effusion. A blood culture drawn grew Escherichia coli. The patient underwent a pericardectomy and pericardial drainage. Samples were taken for acid-fast bacilli, cytomegalovirus antigenemia, fungal, and fluid cultures, all of which were negative. A repeat echocardiogram demonstrated resolution of the pericardial effusion. Antibiotic therapy alone is insufficient to treat purulent pericarditis. The successful treatment of purulent pericarditis requires the combination of pericardial decompression with open drainage and appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of recurrences of corticosteroid-dependent idiopathic pericarditis by colchicine in an adolescent patient.

A case of an adolescent patient with idiopathic recurrent pericarditis is reported. On several occasions during a period of 3. 5 years he was shown to be dependent on corticosteroid therapy, and he became cushingoid. After corticosteroids were substituted with colchicine, no further relapses occurred during a period of 29 months. In accordance with the first published pediatric results, colchicine represents an effective and well-tolerated alternative therapy for recurrent idiopathic pericarditis and might replace prolonged administration of corticosteroids.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT and MRI findings in a child with constrictive pericarditis.

Constrictive pericarditis is rare in children. We report computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a 3-year-old girl. She had a swollen abdomen that increased in two months. CT and MRI showed a thickened pericardium (5.2 mm) without calcification. Both atria were enlarged and ventricles were relatively small. The engorged inferior vena cava had 2.8x the diameter of the descending aorta at the same level. Symptoms were dramatically improved after pericardiectomy. The histopathological features confirmed chronic pericarditis.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pericarditis induced by high-dose cytosine arabinoside chemotherapy.

Pericarditis is a rare side effect of chemotherapy. We report here the case of a patient treated with high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HD ara-c) who developed severe pericarditis. Interruption of HD ara-c and initiation of corticosteroid treatment were effective in resolving the pericardial effusion. This case illustrates this rare but potentially life-threatening cardiac complication of HD ara-c therapy as well as the beneficial effect of corticosteroid treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Fatal outcome of constrictive pericarditis in rheumatoid arthritis.

This is a report of a 39-year-old patient diagnosed with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis at the age of 17. The patient died 2 years after the onset of extra-articular cardiac symptoms. This case demonstrates the devastating course of progressive constrictive pericarditis under sole medical therapy and emphasizes the importance of early radical pericardectomy to avoid progression of disease and secondary complications with fatal outcome. Further, we discuss risk factors, diagnostic caveats, diagnostic tests and therapy of hemodynamically relevant contrictive pericarditis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Assessment of ventricular coupling with real-time cine MRI and its value to differentiate constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of respiratory-related ventricular coupling to differentiate patients with constrictive pericarditis (CP) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). In 18 histologically proven cases of CP, 6 patients with inflammatory pericarditis (IP), 15 RCM patients and 17 normal subjects, real-time cine MRI was performed in the cardiac short-axis (basal half of the ventricles) during operator-guided deep respiration. The images were analyzed for ventricular septal position and shape during early ventricular filling. Early diastolic septal inversion (I) or flattening (F) was found in all CP (I:15,F:3), and in all IP (I:2,F:4), but seldom in normals (F:1) and not in RCM. The septal abnormalities occurred at the onset of inspiration and rapidly disappeared with the next heartbeats. The amount of ventricular coupling was evaluated by quantifying the difference in the maximal septal excursion between inspiration and expiration. This parameter, normalized to the biventricular diameter, was significantly larger in CP (20.0+/-4.5%, P<0.0001) and IP (14.8+/-3.2%, P<0.0001) patients than in normals (7.0+/-2.4%), whereas RCM patients had a trend toward decreased excursion (4.2+/-1.7%, P=0.11). A cut-off value of 11.8% (mean normals +2 SD) enabled to differentiate CP patients from normals and RCM patients completely. Real-time cine MRI can easily depict increased ventricular coupling, which may be helpful to better differentiate between CP and RCM patients, especially in patients with normal or minimally thickened pericardium. The increase in coupling in IP patients is likely caused by decreased compliance of the inflamed pericardial layers.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Tuberculous pericarditis in an infant evolving during triple chemotherapy.

UNLABELLED: A 36-month-old girl was treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) with isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide. Four weeks after starting chemotherapy, she developed high fever and clinical signs of acute pericardial tamponade. Pericardial effusion was shown by echocardiography and subsequently removed by pericardiocentesis. M. tuberculosis was demonstrated in the pericardial fluid by microscopy, polymerase chain reaction and specific culture. After pericardial drainage, the actual therapy was extended to include streptomycin and prednisone. Follow-up examinations demonstrated complete recovery without signs of constrictive pericarditis. CONCLUSION: infants treated for tuberculosis should be followed closely in order to monitor not only side-effects of antituberculous drugs but also to detect early extrapulmonary spread that may occur even with adequate chemotherapy. Rapid intervention and treatment adjustment in infants with tuberculous pericarditis may prevent pericardial constriction and may lead to full recovery.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mycobacterium kansasii pericarditis as a presentation of AIDS.

Mycobacterium kansasii infection is a recognized complication of AIDS and a broad spectrum of extrapulmonary manifestations has been reported. However, AIDS-related M. kansasii pericarditis is an extremely rare disease. We report the first European case of this infection, that presented some different clinical findings to those previously described in HIV-infected individuals. M. kansasii pericarditis was the first AIDS-defining illness presented by the patient. The stained smears of pericardial fluid were negative for acid-fast bacilli and an increased level of adenosine deaminase was observed in pericardial fluid. A short course of prednisone therapy was added to antituberculous treatment, with a good clinical response.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Constrictive pericarditis versus restrictive cardiomyopathy: a reappraisal and update of diagnostic criteria.

Distinguishing constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy is a difficult clinical challenge. We review published reports in which hemodynamic criteria were used to differentiate these two diagnoses. There were 82 cases of constriction and 37 cases of restriction. The overall predictive accuracy of the difference between right and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (RVEDP and LVEDP), RV systolic pressure, and the ratio of RVEDP to RV systolic pressure were 85%, 70%, and 76%, respectively. If all three criteria were concordant, the probability of having correctly classified the patient was greater than 90%. However, one fourth of patients could not be classified by hemodynamic criteria. There are few data to support the use of hemodynamic measurements after exercise or volume infusion to separate these two groups. Numerous recent studies have reported on the ability of left ventriculography, Doppler echocardiography, or radionuclide angiography to distinguish constriction from restriction. Many of the proposed indices appear promising, but these studies suffer from small sample size, potential selection bias, and complexity of the proposed criteria, which have limited their widespread application. New imaging technologies, such as CT scanning or MRI have been applied in a limited number of cases, but appear to be a sensitive means of detecting abnormal pericardium. Endomyocardial biopsy has proven useful in establishing the diagnosis of infiltrative cardiomyopathies, eliminating in those cases the need for surgical intervention. The finding of myocarditis must be considered a nonspecific finding that does not preclude thoracotomy. Since constrictive pericarditis is a surgically curable condition, the distinction between constrictive and restrictive disease is of critical importance. Taking into account the relative contribution of data derived from hemodynamic, imaging,and biopsy studies, we propose an algorithm for the selection of appropriate candidates for pericardial biopsy and stripping.

Algorithms↗