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PubMedDate not supplied

The clinical engineering profession: a new society.

The formation of the new American College of Clinical Engineering (ACCE) on February 17, 1990 is a significant event in the development of the profession of clinical engineering. The issues facing the new society are substantial. ACCE founding fathers debated for nearly a year before making the decision to launch the new organization. Their path has taken them from individual and organizational professional society memberships, through an Ad Hoc Task Force on Clinical Engineering, to the formation of a new organization with a stated mission--but, so far, with only a handful of members to fulfill it. A founding group of 12 charter members elected Yadin David, P.E., Ph.D., C.C.E., of Texas Children's Hospital (Houston) to the ACCE presidency. David and a panel of five ACCE founding members conducted an open forum--National Clinical Engineering Society: One Year Later--during the 25th annual Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) meeting in Anaheim, California in May, 1990. This feature article summarizes the presentations and deliberations that occurred, and is a follow-up to the November 1989 feature article (Stern, 1989) and March 1990 publisher's editorial (Pacela, 1990) that appeared in this journal.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed1996

Is free speech free in the nursing profession?

The nursing profession is a helping one. However, a desire to "help" by speaking on an issue of concern may result in a lawsuit. In many such cases, the "helper" invokes free speech protection through the Constitution. Nurse administrators have been involved both as plaintiffs and defendants. An understanding of First Amendment free speech protection is vital to nurse administrators in determining whether their own speech is protected and in handling situations in which the nurses they supervise have spoken. The author discusses relevant cases and suggests ways in which nurse administrators can evaluate situations in which they become involved.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical considerations for the utilization of tele-health technologies in home and hospice care by the nursing profession.

Home care, including hospice care, is a growing component of the current healthcare system and pertains to care services that are provided to individuals, their family members, and caregivers in their own residence. Both domains face funding limitations as life expectancy and the segment of the population older than 65 years increase. Tele-health, defined as the use of advanced telecommunication technologies to enable communication between patients and healthcare providers separated by geographic distance, is perceived as a concept that can enhance both home and hospice care and address some of the current challenges. This article discusses ethical challenges associated with the utilization of tele-health technologies by the nursing profession in the home setting. These factors form a framework for the ethical considerations that result from the introduction of these technologies in nursing practice. Specifically, the article discusses the issue of privacy and confidentiality of patient data, informed consent, equity of access, promoting dependency versus independence, the lack of human touch and the impact of technology on the nurse-patient relationship, and the medicalization of the home environment. These issues constitute a road map both for nursing practitioners who are aiming to provide an efficient delivery of services in the home and for nursing administrators who are asked to make judgments about the use of tele-health technology as a supplement to traditional care and as a cost-saving tool.

Confidentiality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An interdisciplinary educational model for health professions students in a family practice center.

Health professions students have little or no opportunity to practice together during their formative stages of development. Therefore, can we realistically expect them to practice together as professionals? This is an important area for educators to address, given the current emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration. The authors describe an interdisciplinary education program model for nursing, medicine, and social work students in a family practice center.

Area Health Education Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The integrated health professions education program seminar.

Powerful dynamics of change require practitioners from all disciplines to be prepared to work in interdisciplinary teams, competently access health and information technologies, and understand the multiple functions required for adequate healthcare provision. The University of Iowa's Integrated Health Professions Program is a state-funded effort designed to provide students with a common educational experience to enable them to work collaboratively in underserved or rural settings. Students take part in a series of team-building seminars including technology-based instruction and activities in conjunction with visits to community clinical sites. The authors discuss the experiential, collaborative, and cooperative forms of learning that take place during the seminar series.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1986

Effect of the Health and Social Security Bill 1984 on the profession of optometry in the United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom government introduced a Bill to Parliament in 1984 called The Health and Social Security Bill. This was, according to the government, introduced to break the monopoly on the supply of spectacles by qualified opticians. The subsequent changes in the law brought about by the new Act are outlined, and brief comments presented on the consequences of the new Act on the profession of optometry in the United Kingdom.

Advertising↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reconstructing a health system and a profession: priorities of Iraqi nurses in the Kurdish region.

To evaluate nurses' priorities for health system reconstruction and professional development in Iraq, a survey of 744 Iraqi nurses was conducted, with the research process managed via the Internet. Seven definite priorities emerged along with significant differences in priorities related to years of experience, age, speciality area of nursing practice, gender, level of education, and geographic location of practice. Results indicate that nurses should be included in health system reconstruction processes and that support for the development of the nursing profession should be included in the plan for overall reconstruction.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Time for another revolution? The Flexner Report in historic context, reflections on our profession.

The Flexner Report, published in the early 20th century, turned medicine toward a firm scientific foundation and raised standards of education and practice. This corrected many of the profession's deficiencies present at the turn of the century such that medicine became capable of improving the health of humanity. While the focus of education on the sciences suited the needs of the era, the pendulum may have swung too far. As medical schools clamored for funding from wealthy capitalists to achieve new standards, they lost autonomy and adopted unsaid values that were possibly a danger to humanity. This dynamic may have led to the manifestation of medicine's dark history marked by the eugenics movement and the Tuskegee Project. This history demonstrates how medicine can impact humanity detrimentally when the broader scope of the humanities and arts is lost. In spite of this understanding, medical education has been dogmatic and resistant to change. The paper ends with a description of the crisis in modern medicine that is on par with the problems it faced in the early 1900s and concludes that it is indeed time for another revolution.

Capitalism↗
PubMed1998

Collaborating for improvement in health professions education.

Continual improvement efforts have been slower in health professions education than in health care delivery. This article identifies the lessons learned by teams working in an Interdisciplinary Professional Education Collaborative in overcoming barriers to carrying out continual improvement efforts in these educational organizations.

Competency-Based Education↗
PubMed1992

Antineoplastic drug handling protection after OSHA guidelines. Comparison by profession, handling activity, and work site.

Although Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) issued antineoplastic drug handling guidelines in 1986, literature reports indicated that use of protection in the early 1980s did not meet OSHA standards. This study investigated the use of protection by pharmacy and nursing staff in a national sample of facilities participating in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project collaborative clinical trials network of the National Cancer Institute. Extent of handling, handling activity, and use of protection are compared by work setting and profession. Use of protection by the study sample in 1988 to 1989 is compared with their past use, with use of protection in previous studies, and with OSHA guidelines. In general, pharmacists are better protected than are nurses, and hospital staff are better protected than staff in outpatient settings who also tend to handle more drugs. Although improving over time, protective garment use does not meet OSHA guidelines, particularly among nurses when administering agents or handling patient excreta.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2001

Being good and doing good: the culture of professionalism in the health professions.

The characteristics of being good and doing good are discussed in the current societal context of distrust, cynicism, and decreasing integrity and commitment. Health professionals choose being good and doing good as a career. Many reasons are given as to why professionalism has declined in the health professions: "the system," decreased individual rewards and personal satisfaction, and the loss of focus on the patient. The author suggests three levels of aggressive intervention--the professional organization, the organization one works for, and the individual--to revitalize good citizenship and professionalism.

Altruism↗
PubMed2006

Promoting minority access to health careers through health profession-public school partnerships: a review of the literature.

Partnerships between health profession schools and public schools provide a framework for developing comprehensive, creative solutions to the problem of minority underrepresentation in health careers. This review examines the functioning of partner relationships, focusing on elements of the social context that determine success or failure, and stages of partnership development. Influential aspects of the social context include cultural differences between personnel in higher education and K-12 institutions, the resources available to the partnership, and constraints on partnership activity. Stages of the process that partner institutions must negotiate include initiation, ongoing management, and institutionalization. Strategies to improve minority student achievement are reviewed, including specific types of programmatic interventions and best practices. Strategies available to partnerships for improving minority achievement include academic enhancement, science or math instructional enrichment, career awareness and motivation, mentoring, research apprenticeship, reward incentives, and parental involvement. Of these, academic enhancement and instructional enrichment have the greatest potential for improving minority student outcomes. Partnerships need to take a sustained multipronged approach, providing intensive interventions that target students, teachers, and curricula at appropriate educational stages. Documenting program impact is critical for attracting more resources to increase minority access to health careers: sponsoring organizations should dedicate funds for assessment of the partnership's functioning and for rigorous evaluation of interventions.

Health Occupations↗
PubMed2006

Administration and leadership of the Health Professions Partnership Initiative: a medical school administrator's perspective.

The importance of requiring the principal investigator for a Health Professions Partnership Initiative (HPPI) to be from the top of the administrative chain and thereby have the responsibility of implementing, operating, and finding ways to sustain the HPPI is described. Further, it follows that initiatives such as HPPI require committed partners that also are from the top leadership from the affiliated health schools, school districts and community organizations. While the dean or vice president must be actively involved if the HPPI is to be successful, it is not realistic to expect that he or she has time to manage the day-to-day activities. Those should be delegated to a highly qualified and well-respected member of the administration. That person must have ready access to the principal investigator and be provided appropriate office space and staffing. The author describes strategies used to meet challenges that arose that impeded successful implementation of the HPPI and how those problems were met and solved.

Health Occupations↗
PubMed2006

Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine: findings in female subjects from administrative and nursing professions.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. OBJECTIVE: To find out whether different patterns of lumbar disc degeneration related to different physical work types (static vs. dynamic) can be found. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The association of lumbar disc degeneration with physical workload as well as the association of disc degeneration with low back pain (LBP) has been debated controversially. Nevertheless, many of the mainly invasive treatment concepts are based on disc degeneration models. METHODS: An MRI study was performed in female subjects aged 45 to 62 years with persistent LBP and in age-matched controls. Subjects (n = 109) were selected from nursing and administrative professions. A questionnaire was used to assess the subjects' exposure to physical workplace factors. Disc degeneration, disc herniation, nerve root compromise, high intensity zones, endplate changes, and facet joint osteoarthritis were evaluated based on sagittal T1- and T2-weighted as well as axial T2-weighted images. RESULTS: The two occupational groups could clearly be distinguished by the physical workplace factors: administrative work was associated with predominantly sitting postures whereas nursing work was associated with frequent walking, pushing, pulling, and lifting. Except for endplate (Modic) changes at L5-S1, MRI findings did not differ between the four groups, namely, nurses and secretaries with and without LBP. When analyzing the MRI findings within the two vocational groups, nerve root compromise and endplate changes in the lower lumbar spine were found to be significant (P < 0.05) risk factors for LBP. Disc degeneration, disc herniation, nerve root compromise, and facet joint osteoarthritis were present in more than 50% of the intervertebral spaces studied. CONCLUSIONS: These findings give evidence that in subjects performing nonheavy work, patterns of lumbar disc degeneration are not associated with the job type and characteristic physical loadings.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1993

Support for newly qualified entrants to the speech and language therapy profession. Implications for managers.

Reports on a survey of 1990 and 1991 graduates entering the speech and language therapy profession in the UK and on the experiences of six new therapists in one "good practice" area, Ayrshire and Arran Health Board. Results show that new therapists were given a great deal of help and support from professional managers, and valued it highly. They chose posts which offered a mixed client load and good induction packages. Pre-service training reflected work carried out in service, but all client groups had not been accessed during training. Issues relating to throughput and case-load management required most support. They made successful personal adaptations to the work environment, and managers found them effective overall. Calculates the costs of supporting new therapists. Highlights the need to maintain professional support and discusses the potential difficulties involved in doing so in relation to NHS reforms.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Public roles for the medical profession in the United States: beyond theories of decline and fall.

The future role of national medical organizations as a moral voice in health policymaking in the United States deserves attention from both scholarly and strategic perspectives. Arguments for strengthening the public roles of organized professionalism include its long (if neglected) history of public service. Scholarship of the past 40 years has emphasized the decline of a profession imbued with self-interest, together with associated theories of organizational conflict. Through new concepts and language, a different version of organized medicine from that of the past might be invented for the future--one that draws on multiple medical organizations, encourages more effective cooperation with other health care groups, and builds on traditional professional agendas through adaptation and extension.

Health Policy↗
PubMed1992

Technical curriculum models: are they appropriate for the nursing profession?

The technical view of curriculum epitomized by the Tylerian objectives-based model focuses on measurable, quantifiable outcomes. Partly because of the drive to legitimize nursing as a profession, nursing education has accepted the Tylerian approach to demonstrate acceptable levels of competence for nursing practice. This paper examines the appropriateness of the behavioural measurement of outcomes for nursing in the present decade, using the framework of Habermas' knowledge-constitutive interests. It is contended that nursing educational practices have not kept pace with changes in the ethos of nursing practice in the 1990s. Nursing education must shift its focus from the technical curriculum to encompass humanistic principles and critical reflection, compatible with currently accepted nursing values.

Clinical Competence↗