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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Voltammetric behaviour of DNA bases at a screen-printed carbon electrode and its application to a simple and rapid voltammetric method for the determination of oxidative damage in double stranded DNA.

Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) have been investigated as possible sensors to identify gamma-irradiation induced oxidative damage in double stranded (ds) DNA. Studies were undertaken to explore the possibility of using both cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry to identify changes due to oxidative damage. Initially, guanine, adenine and 8-oxoguanosine were examined and it was found possible to differentiate them from their voltammetric responses. The voltammetric response of 8-oxoguanosine was found to be linear over the concentration range 1-400 microM, with a slope of 0.0296 microA microM(-1) (R2 value of 0.9984), in the presence of 2mM concentrations of guanine and adenine. Investigations were made into harnessing these findings to identify oxidative damage in gamma-irradiated dsDNA. The presence of oxidative damage in these samples was readily identifiable, and the magnitude of the voltammetric response was found to be dose dependant (R2=0.9919). A simple sample preparation step involving only the dissolution of double stranded DNA sample in the optimised electrolyte (0.1M acetate buffer pH 4.5) was required. This report appears to be first describing the use of a SPCE to detect DNA damage which can be related to the dose of gamma-radiation used.

Carbon↗
PubMed2004

A novel process for inking the stamp with biomacromolecule solution used in reactive microcontact printing.

This paper describes a novel process for inking the stamp with biomacromolecule solution used in reactive microcontact printing. The stamp was first coated with biomacromolecule solution such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution for 20 min, and then dried by soft nitrogen flow. After cooling the stamp below the dew point for 1 min and incubated at room temperature for 10 s, a thin layer of condensed water was formed on the stamp surface. Then, an aldehyde functionalized glass slide was pressed immediately onto the stamp for certain time, yielding the covalently patterning of the biomacromolecules on the aldehyde-containing surface. A notable feature of this process is that the biomacromolecule solution can be inked onto the stamp at a controlled state, neither too "dry" nor too "wet". As a result, the covalently grafting reaction can occur at a comparable speed with those in solution, while avoiding the contamination caused by dispersal of excessive solvent.

Biopolymers↗
PubMed2005

Introducing a means of quantifying community reputation: the print media as a data source.

A community's reputation may have implications for self-esteem, morale, or other health outcomes of residents. In this study, we introduce a means of quantifying the reputation of communities in Calgary, Canada based on their portrayal in the daily citywide newspaper. Publication dates were selected from an 8.5-year period using constructed week sampling. For communities designated as high or low in well-being, sampled references were rated as positive, negative, or neutral in topic, by two independent raters who were blind to community identity. Findings suggest that the print media represent a convenient and discriminating data source for characterising some aspects of community reputation.

British Columbia↗
PubMed2005

Development of a screen-printed carbon electrochemical immunosensor for picomolar concentrations of estradiol in human serum extracts.

Investigations into the development of a prototype electrochemical immunosensor for estradiol (E(2)) are described. After optimising reagent loadings in a 96-well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), antibodies (rabbit anti-mouse IgG and monoclonal mouse anti-E(2)) were immobilised by passive adsorption onto the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). A competitive immunoassay was then performed using an alkaline-phosphatase (ALP)-labelled E(2) conjugate. Calibration plots for E(2) buffer standards, performed colorimetrically on the SPCEs using a para-nitrophenyl phosphate substrate solution, were in good agreement with ELISA calibration plots. Electrochemical measurements were then performed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) following the production of 1-naphthol from 1-naphthyl phosphate. The calibration plot of DPV peak current versus E(2) concentration showed a measurable range of 25-500 pg/ml with a detection limit of 50 pg/ml. A coefficient of variation of between 13.0 and 15.6% was obtained for repeat measurements. The immunosensor was applied to the determination of E(2) in spiked serum, following an extraction step with diethyl ether. A mean recovery for the method of 102.5% was obtained with a CV of 19.1%. The options available for further development of the sensor regarding precision, limit of detection and direct sample analysis are discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2006

Treatment of waste printed wire boards in electronic waste for safe disposal.

The printed wire boards (PWBs) in electronic waste (E-waste) have been found to contain large amounts of toxic substances. Studies have concluded that the waste PWBs are hazardous wastes because they fails the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test with high level of lead (Pb) leaching out. In this study, two treatment methods - high-pressure compaction and cement solidification - were explored for rendering the PWBs into non-hazardous forms so that they may be safely disposed or used. The high-pressure compaction method could turn the PWBs into high-density compacts with significant volume reduction, but the impact resistance of the compacts was too low to keep them intact in the environment for a long run. In contrast, the cement solidification could turn the PWBs into strong monoliths with high impact resistance and relatively high compressive strength. The leaching of the toxic heavy metal Pb from the solidified samples was evaluated by both a dynamic leaching test and the TCLP test. The dynamic leaching results revealed that Pb could be effectively confined in the solidified products under very harsh environmental conditions. The TCLP test results showed that the leaching level of Pb was far below the regulatory level of 5mg/L, suggesting that the solidified PWBs are no longer hazardous. It was concluded that the cement solidification is an effective way to render the waste PWBs into environmentally benign forms so that they can be disposed of as ordinary solid wastes or beneficially used in the place of concrete in some applications.

Electronics↗
PubMed2006

Improved version of the printed circuit board (PCB) modular multi-channel microdrive for extracellular electrophysiological recordings.

The modular multi-channel PCB microdrive was described some years ago, since then several improvements were introduced while using these drives. Utilizing several years of experience with the original PCB microdrive we redesigned it to improve its stability and usability. The application of the printed circuit board technology and the extensive use of flexible fused silica capillaries for fabrication of the microdrive are described in detail. The improved design led to a low cost and light-weight multi-channel microdrive with outstanding modularity for extracellular field, single unit or multiunit tetrode recording up to 64/128 channels.

Electrodes, Implanted↗
PubMed2006

Flow injection amperometric determination of procaine in pharmaceutical formulation using a screen-printed carbon electrode.

A rapid and simple method for procaine determination was developed by flow injection analysis (FIA) using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) as amperometric detector. The present method is based on the amine/hydroxylamine oxidation from procaine monitored at 0.80 V on SPCE in sodium acetate solution pH 6.0. Using the best experimental conditions assigned as: pH 6.0, flow rate of 3.8 mL min(-1), sample volume of 100 microL and analytical path of 30 cm it is possible to construct a linear calibration curve from 9.0x10(-6) to 1.0x10(-4) mol L(-1). The relative standard deviation for 5.0x10(-5) mol L(-1) procaine (15 repetitions using the same electrode) is 3.2% and detection limit calculated is 6.0x10(-6) mol L(-1). Recoveries obtained for procaine gave a mean values from 94.8 to 102.3% and an analytical frequency of 36 injections per hour was achieved. The method was successfully applied for the determination of procaine in pharmaceutical formulation without any pre-treatment, which are in good accordance with the declared values of manufacturer and an official method based on spectrophotometric analysis.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed2005

Identification of palm print using dermatoglyphics analysis and detection system.

This paper investigated the biological characteristics of palm print. The preprocessing plays an important role in identifying the ridge characteristics of palm due to the complexity and poor quality of the images. As a functional plug-in of the dermatoglyphics analysis and detection system, the template-based image preprocessing was proposed in this study, including histogram redistribution, ridge orientation, and skeletonization. Using this system, the automatic identification of ridges and triradiuses was accomplished with an effective result. The study demonstrated the feasibility of the method and the potential of the system for being applied as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for heredity diseases (e.g. mammary cancer and neurofibromatosis).

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Behavioral and neurobiological effects of printed word repetition in lexical decision and naming.

A series of experiments studied the effects of repetition of printed words on (1) lexical decision (LD) and naming (NAM) behavior and (2) concomitant brain activation. It was hypothesized that subword phonological analysis (assembly) would decrease with increasing word familiarity and the greater decrease would occur in LD, a task that is believed to be less dependent on assembly than naming. As a behavioral marker of assembly, we utilized the regularity effect (the difference in response latency between words with regular versus irregular spelling-sound correspondences). In addition to repetition, stimulus familiarity was manipulated by word frequency and case alternation. Both experiments revealed an initial latency disadvantage for low frequency irregular words suggesting that assembly is the dominant process in both tasks when items are unfamiliar. As items become more familiar with repetition, the regularity effect disappeared in LD but persisted in NAM. Brain activation patterns for repeated words that were observed in fMRI paralleled the behavioral studies in showing greater reductions in activity under lexical decision than naming for regions previously identified as involved in assembly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A comparison of breast, testicular and prostate cancer in mass print media (1996-2001).

This paper compares the portrayal of breast, testicular and prostate cancer in mass print English language magazines in the United States and Canada from 1996 to 2001. It is a follow-up of three papers that examined each of these three diseases separately in high circulating magazines up to 1995. It includes both quantitative and qualitative analyses of magazine stories and notes the continuing dominance of a medical perspective regarding disease as well as the association of each type of cancer examined with stereotypically individualized yet feminine and masculine characteristics and pursuits. It notes the conflation of breast cancer, since the discovery of BRCA1 and BRCA2, with the family. To be a 'feminine' woman is to be vulnerable to breast cancer and to be a 'masculine' man is to be vulnerable to testicular cancer when young and prostate cancer when older. The association of disease not just with personhood but also with the specifics of stereotyped masculinity and femininity may construct a more intimate, more personal link between disease and identity. This close attachment of gender and disease may shore up and exacerbate a fear reaction. It may also serve to diminish the awareness of other, more prevalent, causes of death for men and women. The social control consequences of potentially exacerbated disease-specific fear are discussed.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2006

Cancer in the mass print media: fear, uncertainty and the medical model.

Cancer is increasing in incidence and prevalence in North America and around the world. The mass print media play an important role in information provision about prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this disease, as well as informing health policy and personal experience. This paper reports on a content analysis of the portrayal of cancer in the highest circulating magazines available in Canada and published in Canada or the USA in 1991, 1996, 2001. It includes both manifest and latent analysis of the framing and content of cancer stories. Manifest analysis documented the dominance of the medical as compared to the lifestyle and political economy frames and the predominance of articles on breast as compared to other cancers. Latent themes included: an emphasis on fear of cancer in that: (1) cancer and fear are frequently conflated; cancer is said to grow outside of awareness; cancer is portrayed as (almost) inevitable; cancer is associated with normal experiences; early detection is associated with diagnosis; and scary statistics are emphasized; (2) contradictions and confusion exist within and between articles; and (3) metaphors of war and battle are used frequently. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the linking of fear with cancer in the context of medicine as the solution.

Fear↗
PubMed2006

Inclusions detection using Lamb waves in flexible printed circuits.

The materials used for the manufacture of flexible printed circuits are selected according to various characteristics: thermal and electrical behavior, moisture absorption, flexibility... Those are determined by the basic materials of the three components of the circuit, which are the conducting layer, the adhesive layer and the dielectric film. Such circuits have a typical thickness of about 200 microm and are therefore an interesting solution for a great number of electronic applications. However, these circuits can present various defects like inclusions, delaminations, cracks... In this work, we are interested in the detection of inclusions using guided waves propagation in such structures. These waves also called Lamb waves have the advantage of propagating over long distances while informing us about the totality of the inspected volume. According to the range of frequencies considered and the method used for their generation, it is possible to make profitable use of different propagation modes. To serve this purpose, laser-induced thermoelastic excitation of the first antisymmetric Lamb waves mode is studied. The results obtained are analysed using signal processing methods and then compared in order to clearly highlight the potentialities of these guided waves for the detection of inclusions in such samples.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Utilization of magnetic and electrostatic separation in the recycling of printed circuit boards scrap.

The progress of the technology is directly related to the growth of production and consumption of electrical/electronics equipment, especially of personal computers. This type of equipment has a relatively short average lifetime, 2-3 years. The amount of defective or obsolete equipment has been increasing substantially; consequently its disposition and/or recycling should be studied. In this work, printed circuit boards, which are used in personal computers, were studied in order to recover the metals in the circuit boards through mechanical processing, such as crushing, screening, as well as magnetic and electrostatic separation. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of using these processes to separate metal fractions from polymers and ceramics, and that it is possible to obtain a fraction concentrated in metals containing more than 50% on average of copper, 24% of tin and 8% of lead.

Ceramics↗
PubMed1995

The new nutrition facts label in the print media: a content analysis.

A content analysis was conducted to evaluate the coverage of the new food labels in the print media from December 1, 1992, to August 30, 1993. We used newspaper, magazine, and health newsletter indexes to identify 59 newspaper articles, 16 magazine articles, and 7 health newsletter articles for examination. Articles were evaluated by four trained coders using a pretested coding form addressing 35 aspects of the nutrition label coverage. Twenty percent of articles were double-coded with at least 80% coder reliability. Analysis of the data indicated that health newsletters covered the topic in the most detail, followed by magazines and then newspapers. Ten of 59 (17%) newspaper articles named and defined the term percent daily value, whereas 6 of 7 (86%) health newsletter articles and 9 of 16 (56%) magazine articles provided this information. Analysis of quotes in the articles indicated that more than half of the quotes were from government and industry officials. In contrast, quotes from college and university faculty represented only 5% of total quotes and quotes from dietitians represented less than 8% of total quotes. Coders identified several errors resulting from oversimplification of complex concepts. These findings suggest that dietitians need to increase their exposure with the media and help the media translate complex nutrition labeling information to the public.

Food Labeling↗
PubMed2003

Genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in printed word recognition.

The genetic and environmental etiologies of individual differences in printed word recognition and related skills were explored in 440 identical and fraternal twin pairs between 8 and 18 years of age. A theoretically driven measurement model identified five latent variables: IQ, phoneme awareness, word recognition, phonological decoding, and orthographic coding. Cholesky decomposition models on these five latent constructs revealed the existence of both common and independent genetic effects, as well as non-shared environmental influences. There was evidence for moderate genetic influences common between IQ, phoneme awareness, and word-reading skills, and for stronger IQ-independent genetic influences that were common between phoneme awareness and word-reading skills, particularly phonological decoding. Phonological and orthographic coding skills in word recognition had both significant common and significant independent genetic influences, with implications for "dual-route" and "connectionist" reading models, subtypes of reading disabilities, and the remediation of reading disabilities.

Awareness↗
PubMed2006

Printing your own inkjet microarrays.

DNA arrays are now the tools of choice for high-throughput DNA/RNA analysis. While many technologies exist for mass-producing arrays, there are just a few ways to economically produce small batches of custom oligonucleotide arrays for prototyping experiments and specialized applications. Inkjet printing, adapted from the world of office electronics to the world of molecular biology, is one such method. With programmable oligonucleotide synthesizers, scientists can prototype DNA array assays quickly and inexpensively. A benchtop inkjet arrayer-nicknamed POSAM-can be built by most skilled molecular biology laboratories. Inkjet arrays can fulfill the changing needs of those studying the complex network of relationships in systems biology.

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis↗
PubMed2004

Reading habits, perceptual learning, and recognition of printed words.

The present work aims at demonstrating that visual training associated with the act of reading modifies the way we perceive printed words. As reading does not train all parts of the retina in the same way but favors regions on the side in the direction of scanning, visual word recognition should be better at retinal locations that are frequently used during reading. In two studies that probed word and letter discriminations we provided evidence for a correlation between eye fixation pattern during reading and performance. We showed that effects of reading-related visual training were stimulus-specific in the sense that it affected the perception of words but not that of visually unfamiliar non-words. This stimulus specificity was also evident in the legibility of individual characters of the Roman and the Hebrew scripts-two scripts that are read in opposing directions. When displayed within a sequence of homogenous letters (e.g., xxexx) the legibility of a target character varied with the location of the sequence in the visual field and with the serial position of the target within the sequence. This retinal location- and context-dependency differed between Roman and Hebrew characters. These results seem to indicate that reading modifies the functional structure of early stages in the visual pathway. The cortical network that supports reading seems to comprise components of the visual cortex of both hemispheres before it lateralizes to the left hemisphere. Expanding the reading network to include these visual regions will shed a different light on the potential role of the visual word form area (e.g., ) in word recognition and on the organization of the reading system in general.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Outbreak of organising pneumonia in textile printing sprayers. Collaborative Group for the Study of Toxicity in Textile Aerographic Factories.

Eight textile printing factories in Valencia, Spain, with a total workforce of 257 using spraying techniques were investigated as a result of severe interstitial lung disease occurring in three employees, one of whom died. Clinical and radiological data together with biopsy specimens from 71 (27.6%) workers with abnormal respiratory features indicated the occurrence of an outbreak of organising pneumonia resulting in 6 deaths. Epidemiological analysis included the 22 workers who fulfilled the radiological case definition based on chest radiograph and computed tomographic scan showing widespread nodular opacities or confluent patchy consolidation with a lung biopsy corresponding to organising pneumonia. The overall attack rate was 8.9%. Only 2 of the 22 cases never worked in factories A or B. Those who had only worked in factory A had the highest risk of being a case (RR = 24.3; 95% CI = 5.7-104.4). The relationship of case status to period of employment suggested an abrupt change in exposure conditions in the period when Acramin FWR was substituted by Acramin FWN. Although the precise toxicological mechanism is unknown, it is proposed that the lung disease was caused by spraying procedures delivered a respirable aerosol of Acramin FWN to distal airways and pulmonary parenchyma.

Adipates↗