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PubMed1987

Free-living dinitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from petroleum refinery oily sludge.

Dinitrogen-fixing activity (acetylene reduction and N(2) fixation) was found in an oily sludge originating from a petroleum refinery. Two representative dinitrogen-fixing bacterial strains were isolated from this oily waste. Their nitrogenase activity was effective when they were cultivated on sterilized sludge or simple carbon substrates (organic acid salts, sugars). Using the classical methods, these strains could not be unambiguously related to other diazotrophic taxa. The landfarming process is widely used for oily sludge disposal; this study shows that oily sludges are more than a simple carbon input into the soil but that they must also be considered as real sources of dinitrogen-fixing and probably degradative microorganisms.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1974

Microbial petroleum degradation: use of mixed hydrocarbon substrates.

Methods of examining hydrocarbons to estimate the microbial degradation of petroleum are compared. Gas-liquid chromatography with a mixed hydrocarbon substrate has been shown to be useful in evaluating microbial potential for degradation of a number of hydrocarbons.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Sperm as an indicator of reproductive risk among petroleum refinery workers.

A questionnaire study of men in a wastewater treatment plant of a petroleum refinery showed twice the rate of fetal loss in the period during employment in the plant compared with the periods before and after. Questions regarding the interpretation of that study and continuing concern about reproductive risk prompted us to perform a cross sectional evaluation of sperm concentration and morphology. After adjustment for an abstinence period, the mean sperm concentration of the 74 unexposed men did not differ significantly from that of the 34 exposed men (79.9 million/cm3 v 68.2 million/cm3, p(1) = 0.16). The two groups also had a similar proportion of sperm with abnormal morphology (49.1% v 44.5%, p(1) = 0.94). This lack of association remained when degree of exposure, age, use of alcohol and marijuana, past illness or fever, use of baths or sauna, and history of urological problems were considered. These results are most consistent with the absence of sperm mediated reproductive problems.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1999

Nested case-control study of leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and kidney cancer in a cohort of petroleum workers exposed to gasoline.

OBJECTIVES: This nested case-control study was based on data in a cohort study of more than 18,000 petroleum distribution workers exposed to gasoline, which contains about 2%-3% benzene. Risks of leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and kidney cancer were examined relative to exposure to gasoline. METHODS: For each case, up to five individually matched controls were selected. Analyses based on the Mantel-Haenszel procedure as well as univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression were performed for each disease category. Jobs with similar exposures were grouped into homogeneous categories for analysis. Several quantitative indices of exposure to gasoline were used in the analyses: duration of exposure, cumulative exposure, frequency of peak exposure, and time of first exposure. RESULTS: No increased risks for the four cancers were found for any job category. Analyses with logistic regression models based on duration of exposure, cumulative exposure, and frequency of peak exposure did not show any increased risk or exposure-effect relation. Time of first exposure to gasoline was also found to be unrelated to the four diseases under investigation. CONCLUSION: Exposure to gasoline or benzene at the concentrations experienced by this cohort of distribution workers is not a risk factor for leukaemia (all cell types), acute myeloid leukaemia, multiple myeloma, or kidney cancer.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of the inhibitory action of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and petroleum spirit extract of herbal cannabis on human sperm motility.

1 Using the trans-membrane migration method to measure drug effects on human sperm motility, it is found that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the major constituent of cannabis which inhibits sperm motility and unlike the cataleptic effect, other constituents in the petroleum spirit extract do not potentiate this effect significantly. 2 It is suggested that the mechanisms for sperm immobilization and cataleptic effects are different.

Cannabis↗
PubMed2004

New insecticidal amides from petroleum ether extract of dried Piper nigrum L. whole fruits.

The petroleum ether extract of dried ground whole fruits of Piper nigrum L. afforded 20 compounds (1-20) including two new insecticidal amides named as pipnoohine (1), and pipyahyine (2), seven reported for the first time from this plant (12, 13, 15-17, 19, 20), and eleven known compounds (3-11, 14, 18). The structure of 1 has been elucidated as (2E,4E,12Z)-N-(4-methylpentyl)octadeca-2,4,12-trienamide and that of 2 as (2E,4E,11E)-12-(benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N-(3-methylbutyl)dodeca-2,4,11-trien-amide through extensive ID-, 2D-NMR spectral studies and chemical reactions. The known compounds have been identified through comparison of their spectral data with those reported in literature. 1 and 2 exhibited toxicity at 35.0 and 30.0 ppm respectively against fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti L. by WHO method.

Alkanes↗
PubMed2001

Isolation and characterization of long-chain-alkane degrading Bacillus thermoleovorans from deep subterranean petroleum reservoirs.

Two extremely thermophilic alkane-degrading bacterial strains, B23 and H41, were respectively isolated from deep subterranean petroleum reservoirs in the Minami-aga (Niigata) and Yabase (Akita) oil fields. Both strains were able to grow at temperatures ranging from 50 to 80 degrees C, with optimal growth at 70 degrees C for B23 and 65 degrees C for H41. From 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and physiological characterization, both strains were identified as Bacillus thermoleovorans (identities of 99.5% and 99.6% to strain DSM 5366, and 98.3% and 98.7% to the type strain LEH-1(TS), respectively). Strains B23 and H41 effectively (60%) degraded n-alkanes longer than C12 and C15, respectively, at 70 degrees C, while strain LEH-1(TS) degraded undecane (C11) most effectively. When B23 and H41 were cultivated in the presence of heptadecane, heptadecanoate and pentadecanoate were specifically accumulated in the cells. These results strongly suggest that the two strains degraded n-alkanes by a terminal oxidation pathway, followed by a beta-oxidation pathway.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Spectral range optimization for the near-infrared quantitative analysis of petrochemical and petroleum products: naphtha and gasoline.

The proper selection of the spectral range in partial least squares (PLS) calibration is critical when highly overlapping spectra from compositionally complex samples are used, such as naphtha and gasoline. In particular, the relevant spectral information related to a given property is frequently localized in a narrow range, and the most selective region may be difficult to locate. We have presented the importance of range optimization in near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the analyses of petrochemical and petroleum products that are generally highly complex in composition. For this purpose, the determination of a detailed compositional analysis (so called PIONA) and the distillation temperature of naphtha were evaluated. In the same fashion, the research octane number (RON) and Reid vapor pressure (RVP) were selected for gasoline. By optimizing the range using moving window (MW) PLS, the overall calibration performance was improved by finding the optimal spectral range for each property. In particular, for a detailed compositional analysis of naphtha, it was effective to search for localized spectral information in a relatively narrow range with fewer factors.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia due to nasal application of petroleum jelly.

We describe a patient who presented with a history of unexplained exertional dyspnea and pulmonary infiltrates. She was evaluated for interstitial lung disease, presumed to be idiopathic and underwent an open lung biopsy. The pathologic findings were compatible with exogenous lipoid pneumonia and her history revealed longstanding use of intranasal petroleum jelly (Vaseline) at bedtime.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1989

Enhanced withdrawal of polychlorinated biphenyls: a comparison of colestipol, mineral oil, propylene glycol, and petroleum jelly with or without restricted feeding.

Meat type chickens were fed a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), Aroclor 1254, at 10 ppm for 14 days, then treated for 21 days to hasten the withdrawal of PCB with either mineral oil (MO), petroleum jelly (PJ), propylene glycol (PG), or colestipol (CO) at 5% of the diet, or at 10% of the diet when restricted to 50% of control intake (50% FR). Whole carcass analyses for PCB revealed that MO + 50% FR reduced PCB to 1.91 mg/bird, or 32% of the body burden (5.96 mg) in nontreated chickens previously fed PCB, whereas those restricted in feed intake by 50% (50% FR) had almost no change (6.44 mg/bird) in body burdens. The PJ, PG, and CO in combination with 50% FR reduced body burdens of PCB to 47, 57, and 77%, respectively, of the control value. When treated with MO, PJ, PG, or CO alone (no 50% FR), chickens had body burdens reduced to only 67 to 90% of control, depending on th compound. Thus, feed restriction was necessary for the MO and PJ to have their greatest effect. Carcass lipid values and body weight gains were markedly reduced by the feed restriction. The CO reduced carcass lipid in nonrestricted chickens by 30%.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2000

The petroleum-laced background

Using passive headspace concentration (ASTM E-1412) and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis as described in ASTM E-1618, the authors have studied the volatile components detectable in several kinds of otherwise uncontaminated substrata, including clothing, shoes, household products, building materials, paper products, cardboard, and adhesives. Due to the use of petroleum-derived liquids in the manufacture of these materials, it is frequently possible to detect the liquids, even when the products are several years old. These results point out the need for the use of comparison samples whenever possible.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

[Constituents in petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract fractions of Dracaena cochinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Dracaena cochinensis. METHODS: Compounds were separated by solvent extraction, column chromatography, TLC and HPLC, and their structures were determined by spectral analysis. RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions of D. cochinensis and identified as n-heptacosane, lophenol, docosanyl ferulate, tetracosanyl ferulate, hexacosanyl ferulate, octacosanyl ferulate, pterostilbene, dioctyl phthalate, butyl isobutyl phthalate and 4'-methoxy-3',7-dihydroxy-flavone. CONCLUSION: All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Coumaric Acids↗
PubMed1999

[Research on petroleum ether extract of rhizoma Drynariae].

OBJECTIVE: To study the petroleum ether extract of Rhizoma Drynariae. METHOD: Solvent extraction silica gel column isolation, and structure elucidation by physico-chemical evidence and spectral analysis. RESULT: Three compounds were isolated and elucidated as fern-9(11)-ene, hop-22(29)-ene and cyclolaudenol. CONCLUSION: All the three compounds are triterpenoids.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1999

[Determination of C1-C5 composition of liquefied petroleum gas by capillary gas chromatography].

In this paper, thirteen C1-C5 hydrocarbons in liquefied petroleum gas were separated and determined by using capillary gas chromatography. The cloumn used was 50 m x 0.53 mm i.d. HP PLOT-Al2O3. A standard mixture of known composition was used for the determination of correction factots and the corrected area mormalization was used for quantification. The relative standard deviations (n = 5) were 0.39%-5.4%. Ethane, ethylene and butene were separated to baseline.

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of psychopharmacological effects of petroleum ether extract of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. stem in mice.

The petroleum ether extract of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. stem (PECR) was evaluated for its psychopharmacological activities in several experimental models using Swiss albino mice. The PECR was found to cause significant reduction in spontaneous activity and exploratory behavioral profiles. It also showed reduction in muscle relaxant activity by rotarod, 30 degrees inclined screen tests and showed significant analgesic properties as well as potentiated remarkably the pentobarbitone sodium, diazepam and meprobamate--induced sleeping time. All these results were compared with respective controls for the evaluation of significance. The presence of steroids in the PECR might he responsible for psychopharmacological activities.

Alkanes↗
PubMed2004

[Distribution of sulfur-containing compounds in the gasoline range petroleum products].

A capillary gas chromatography coupled with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GC-SCD) method has been developed for detailed analysis and group-type characterization of sulfur compounds in gasoline range petroleum products. Chemical treatment of the samples was carried out using selective reactions for group-type classification of compounds. A total of 107 sulfur compounds were tentatively classified and identified based on standard substances and retention rule. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of retention times were no more than 0.25%. The quantitative analysis on major sulfur compounds and total sulfur was carried out based on the linear response of sulfur chemiluminescence detector and the internal standard method. The recoveries were in the range of 96% - 115%. For the sulfur-containing compounds whose concentration exceeded 7 mg/kg, the RSDs of the determination were less than 8.9%. Various types of gasoline were analyzed and their sulfur distributions were investigated using the developed method. The results show that the method can be used to separate, identify and quantitate sulfur-containing compounds.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed2004

[Elementary investigation on the application of laser Raman microprobe in petroleum exploration].

Laser Raman Microprobe (LRM) is a micro-analytical technique for determining molecular components. Based on the summarization of the applications of LRM in petroleum exploration, the authors analyzed fluid inclusions (FI) and organic matters, and found that this technique could not only research qualitatively different phase components of single fluid inclusions and the types of organic substances, but also determine quantitatively each phase component of single fluid inclusions and the indexes of maturation of vitrinite. It is concluded that it is feasible to calculate the salinity of single FI by to sigmaB % NaCl = 61.183S - 22.173 and the reflectance (R0) of vitrinite by R0 (%) = 0.69 ln(82.12 D - 16,054.49) - 4.88.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1998

[Application of three-dimension luminescence method to the identification of petroleum pollutants].

As three-dimension luminescence method can provide abundant sample information, it is applied to the identification of petroleum pollutants. In this paper, the whole analytical process of three-dimension luminescence method is described, including sample disposal, analytical conditions, analytical process, especially the automation in acquisition, disposal and differentiation of analytical data.

English Abstract↗