Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Osteogenesis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2007

Mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis: review of three techniques.

Mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis (MSDO) is an alternative strategy to correct mandibular transverse deficiencies and dental crowding. Only a limited number of practitioners have reported their clinical experience and potential complications of this procedure to widen the mandible in a large case series. This study involved retrospective analysis of 40 patients who underwent mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis. Three different types of distractor were used to widen the mandible: tooth-borne in 21 patients, bone-borne in 5 patients and hybrid (both bone and tooth-borne) in 14 patients. The distraction amount ranged from 7 to 11 mm (mean 7.31 mm). While 39 patients underwent successful mandibular symphyseal distraction, there was one failure. Most of the complications were experienced in bone-borne distractors, such as breakage of the distractor rod, gingival recession, secondary infection and ptosis of the chin. In the light of these findings, it is suggested that a lingually placed tooth-borne hyrax appliance is more suitable and reliable than the other distraction devices. Further larger studies are needed in order to better evaluate the effectiveness of bone-borne or hybrid devices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Validation of a musculo-skeletal model of the mandible and its application to mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Mandibular distraction osteogenesis will lead to a change in muscle coordination and load transfer to the temporomandibular joints (TMJ). The objective of this work is to present and validate a rigid-body musculo-skeletal model of the mandible based on inverse dynamics for calculation of the muscle activations, muscle forces and TMJ reaction forces for different types of clenching tasks and dynamic tasks. This approach is validated on a symmetric mandible model and an application will be presented where the TMJ reaction forces during unilateral clenching are estimated for a virtual distraction patient with a shortened left ramus. The mandible model consists of 2 rigid segments and has 4 degrees-of-freedom. The model was equipped with 24 hill-type musculotendon actuators. During the validation experiment one subject was asked to do several tasks while measuring EMG activity, bite force and kinematics. The bite force and kinematics were used as input for the simulations of the same tasks after which the estimated muscle activities were compared with the measured muscle activities. This resulted in an average correlation coefficient of 0.580 and an average of the Mean Absolute Error of 0.109. The virtual distraction model showed a large difference in the TMJ reaction forces between left and right compared with the symmetric model for the same loading case. The present work is a step in the direction of building patient-specific mandible models, which can assess the mechanical effects on the TMJ before mandibular distraction osteogenesis surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The role of simultaneous gap arthroplasty and distraction osteogenesis in the management of temporo-mandibular joint ankylosis with mandibular deformity in children.

INTRODUCTION: Temporo-mandibular joint ankylosis is a common cause of acquired deformity in children. PURPOSE: Surgical correction of the ankylosis only leaves the patient with an uncorrected mandibular deformity. This study was to evaluate the use of distraction osteogenesis for simultaneous correction of the mandibular deformity. MATERIAL: This study was done on six children with temporo-mandibular joint ankylosis and mandibular deformity. Uniaxial double pin distractors with Schanz pins were used in this study. METHODS: The patients underwent simultaneous gap arthroplasty and mandibular osteotomy (retromolar) with distractor insertion. Distraction was started on the fifth post-operative day. The patients were put on dynamic temporo-mandibular joint exercises on the first post-operative day. RESULTS: All patients had a satisfactory mouth opening on follow-up. Satisfactory cosmetic correction of the mandibular deformity was also achieved in all these patients. Some degree of malocclusion resulted from treatment due to which the patients were placed on orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Distraction osteogenesis can be used simultaneously with gap arthroplasty in patients with temporo-mandibular ankylosis, for the correction of the mandibular deformity.

Ankylosis↗
PubMed2004

The overbite and intraoral mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify the overbite reduction in skeletal Angle Class II malocclusions and discuss the management of the overbite during and after intraoral distraction of the mandible, and during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cephalograms of 26 patients with an Angle Class II malocclusion and orthodontic appliances and distraction osteogenesis of the horizontal part of the mandible before (T0) and at least 1 year after treatment (T1) were evaluated. Mean age of the patients at the time of distraction was 14.6 years (range 12.8-15.9 years) and at the final registration 17.3 years (range 14.6-20.4 years). RESULTS: The overbite decreased significantly and the SpP/MP value increased significantly. The increase in the value of the Y-axis and the MP/SN angle before and after treatment was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: Opening of the bite during distraction of the mandible can be expected. The use of the 'floating bone' technique did not correct the overbite permanently. The patients in whom an open bite has already been treated are not ideal for mandibular lengthening by means of distraction osteogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Biomechanical and clinical implications of distraction osteogenesis in craniofacial surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Craniofacial distraction osteogenesis is an established surgical procedure to correct bony malformations. Force transduction through the osteotomized bone fragments elicits defined biological responses in the gap tissue, which determines the clinical success of the distraction treatment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate clinically a new distraction protocol based on an analysis of the biological and biomechanical parameters executing direct effects on bone regeneration during distraction. STUDY DESIGN: A multistep distraction protocol was used in 39 patients and the clinical outcome was monitored postoperatively. RESULTS: All the distraction cases were successful with a single exception. Segmental displacements were stable clinically and radiologically. CONCLUSION: In order to improve the clinical success of distraction osteogenesis, individual treatment protocols are recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on bone consolidation on distraction osteogenesis: a preliminary study in rabbit mandibles.

AIM: To examine the effectiveness of administering recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in distraction osteogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-one mature male Japanese white rabbits underwent unilateral mandibular osteotomy. After 5 days, the osteotomized mandibles were distracted 1mm/day for 10 days. On the first day (groups A-1 [n=4] and A-2 [n=4]) or on the last day (group B [n=5]) of distraction, rhBMP-2 mixed with collagen gel was injected into the distraction zone. In control groups (groups C-1 [n=4] and C-2 [n=4]), the mandibles were distracted without rhBMP-2 injection. At the end of the distraction period (groups A-1 and C-1) and after 2 weeks of consolidation (groups A-2, B, and C-2), the distracted mandibles were harvested and examined with soft radiographs, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and microscopy. RESULTS: Radioopacity was more marked in the distraction zone of the groups with rhBMP-2 than in control groups. The mineral density of the cortical bone (BMD) was higher in groups B and A-2 than in group C-2. Histologically, bone formation was more advanced in groups A-2 and B than in group C-2. The cortical BMD was higher in group A-1 than in group C-1. Histologically, bone formation was more advanced in groups A-2 and B than in group C-2. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that rhBMP-2 promotes bone formation in distraction osteogenesis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2006

Effect of recombinant human tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in rabbit mandibular distraction osteogenesis: a histological and immunohistochemical study.

BACKGROUND: Bone matrix metalloproteinases are capable of degrading bone matrix during the remodelling, and their degradation activities can be down regulated by the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. This study evaluated the influence of exogenous tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and endogenous tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases in mandibular distraction osteogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were assigned to three groups: a negative control; a sham control group implanted with a collagen sheet; and an experimental group implanted with recombinant human tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 impregnated in a collagen sheet. Rabbits were sacrificed at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks of consolidation. RESULTS: Major expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases was observed at the early stage of consolidation, only positive signals of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases were observed at 24 weeks. The addition of recombinant human tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 did not affect bone maturation and remodelling. CONCLUSIONS: An equilibrium of bone formation and resorption was reached at 24 weeks of consolidation in the rabbit mandible. No obvious influence of recombinant human tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 on bone remodelling of mandibular distraction osteogenesis was noted.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Stability after distraction osteogenesis to lengthen the mandible: results in 50 patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate mandibular stability after lengthening the mandible by means of distraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients (mean age, 14.7 years; range, 11.2 to 37.3 years) with Angle Class II mandibular hypoplasia were treated by bilateral distraction osteogenesis to lengthen the mandible. Patients were divided into a high-angle group, with a high mandibular angle (sella/nasion-mandibular plane [SN-MP] >38 degrees), and a normal-to-low mandibular angle group (SN-MP <or=38 degrees). Clinical measurements and standardized cephalometric radiographs were taken just before operation; postdistraction at time of removal of the distraction devices, and 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Analysis was performed by means of angle measurements: sella/nasion-maxilla point A (SNA), sella/nasion-mandibular point B (SNB), and SN-MP. RESULTS: Eight of 14 high-angle patients showed a degree of relapse (57%), and only 3 of 36 patients showed relapse in the low/normal-angle group (8.3%). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that high-angle patients are still at risk of relapsing and that distraction osteogenesis cannot prevent relapse in cases with a high mandibular plane angle. For low-angle patients, however, distraction is a safe and predictable procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effect of distraction osteogenesis on the severely hypoplastic mandible and inferior alveolar nerve function.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of distraction osteogenesis surgery on the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and on the stability of the occlusion in patients undergoing mandibular osteotomy and advancement for correction of severe retrognathia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five patients (4 women and 1 man) underwent vertical posterior body osteotomy or bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy with the application of a distraction device for advancement of the mandible of 10 to 14 mm. After a period of latency, each mandible was advanced 1 mm per day until the patient achieved a Class I occlusion. Distraction devices were removed after a suitable period of consolidation (4 to 11 months). IAN sensory function was evaluated by 2-point discrimination, response to painful stimulus, and moving brush stroke identification. Testing of the IAN was performed on all patients at 7 different time intervals: preoperative (T0), postsurgery and predistraction (T1), within 7 days after the end of distraction (T2), 3 months after T2 (T3), 6 months after T2 (T4), 9 months after T2 (T5), and 1 year after T2 (T6). The same surgeon performed all IAN testing. RESULTS: There were no instances of malunion or fibrous union. At the 1-year follow-up, all 5 patients showed no relapse of their advancement as assessed by their maintenance of a Class I occlusion. Radiographic analysis was not done to discern skeletal versus dental stability. All 10 IANs were intact after the initial surgery. As time progressed, all 10 nerves showed improvement of function as measured by 2-point discrimination, response to painful stimulus, and moving brush stroke identification. At 1 year postsurgery, all 10 nerves showed function consistent with or very near presurgery levels. CONCLUSION: Stable mandibular advancements of 10 mm and greater can be successfully accomplished by distraction osteogenesis without producing significant damage to the IAN.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Use of a plate-guided distraction device for transport distraction osteogenesis of the mandible.

BACKGROUND: Transport distraction osteogenesis has been used to reconstruct continuity defects by regenerating bone and soft tissues. A challenge has been to maintain the correct vector during the distraction process. A new type of distraction device was recently developed that uses a standard reconstruction plate to "guide" the transported segment of the bone. This plate-guided distractor device (PGD) intimately follows the shape of the plate, thus allowing for 3-dimensional vector control during the distraction process. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four patients underwent transport distraction osteogenesis for reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects ranging in size from 4 to 7 cm. The age of the patients ranged from 27 to 62 years. Two patients had been treated with radiotherapy as part of treatment for oral malignancy. A standard locking reconstruction plate was placed to bridge the continuity gap. An osteotomy was performed to create a bone transport segment. The PGD was secured to both the reconstruction plate and the transport bone. After a latency period of 7 days, the device was activated at a rate of 1 mm/d. The distraction process continued until the transport segment reached the opposing bone or sufficient bone and soft tissue were reconstructed for oral rehabilitation. RESULTS: All patients achieved hard and soft tissue formation. Two patients had premature consolidation of the distraction regenerate but had sufficient tissue for rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: A PGD can be used to regenerate missing hard and soft tissues. An advantage of this technique is that it uses a reconstruction plate that is routinely placed to bridge mandibular continuity defects. This device allows for ultimate vector control by intimately following a carefully adapted plate.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Distraction osteogenesis of the canine mandible: the impact of acute callus manipulation on vascularization and early bone formation.

PURPOSE: Manipulations of the newly created regenerate, using adjustable multiplanar devices during distraction osteogenesis or as a 1-step molding procedure at the end of the distraction process, may be necessary to correct the position of the mandible. Treatment of complex deformities may require preplanned major angulation provided by adjustable devices. We sought to assess the effects of molding the fresh regenerate on vascularization and early bone formation within clinically relevant dimensions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Evaluation of the nature of the problem in mechanical terms was based on a geometrical model, its dimensions chosen with clinical relevance. Custom-made devices, allowing the simultaneous compression and stretching of a regenerate 10 mm long, were fixed bilaterally in the angular region of beagle mandibles (n = 14). Angulation of 20 degrees (n = 7) or 30 degrees (n = 7) was performed immediately after ending the lengthening period, and the animals were killed after a 7-day consolidation period. The vascular system was stained via intravital Procion red infusion and post mortem carbon ink (Deperussol P130; Degussa AG, Frankfurt, Germany) perfusion to assess possible damages. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the mineralized tissue were performed with contact radiography, quantified computed tomography, and histologic assessment. RESULTS: The only finding indicating mechanical forces acting on the regenerate was related to orientation of the collagenous fibers. Vascular damage was not observed. Mineralization patterns were identical in both the compressed and the stretched zone. The degree of angulation had no visible impact on early bone formation, even if compression and stretching of the regenerate at a range of 33% to 54% exceeds most clinical requirements. However, the amount of callus formation differed independent of the shaping angle, revealing parameters other than the degree of angulation to be important. CONCLUSIONS: Although the newly forming bone is highly sensitive to nonphysiologic strain during the lengthening process, a completed fresh regenerate, created by distraction osteogenesis, can be manipulated to a considerable extent without endangering early callus formation. Manipulation of the regenerates would provide a precise final result, minimizing the need for secondary corrections and diminishing treatment duration and costs.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The effect of chitosan bead encapsulating calcium sulfate as an injectable bone substitute on consolidation in the mandibular distraction osteogenesis of a dog model.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to study the effect of chitosan bead encapsulating calcium sulfate, which provides a sustained release of chitosan and calcium sulfate after implantation, on early bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis of a dog model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five dogs were used for this study. An external distraction device was applied to the mandibular body after a vertical osteotomy and mandibular distraction was initiated 5 days after the operation at a rate of 1 mm/day up to a 10-mm distraction. The experimental group was divided into a control group (I), hyaluronic acid group (II), chitosan group (III), calcium sulfate group (IV), and chitosan bead encapsulating calcium sulfate group (V). Normal saline was injected in group I. In group II, 1 mL of hyaluronic acid solution was injected into the distracted region. In group III, 1 mL of injectable solution of chitosan mixed with hyaluronic acid was implanted. In group IV, 1 mL of injectable solution of calcium sulfate mixed with hyaluronic acid was implanted. In group V, an injectable form of powdered chitosan bead encapsulating calcium sulfate mixed with 1 mL volume of hyaluronic acid was implanted. RESULTS: Bone mineral density was 12% of the contralateral normal mandible at 3 weeks, 23.4% at 6 weeks in group I, 15% at 3 weeks, 29.1% at 6 weeks in group II, 16% at 3 weeks and 32% at 6 weeks in group III, 30.4% at 3 weeks and 52.8% at 6 weeks in group IV, and 33.6% at 3 weeks and 55% at 6 weeks in group V with statistical significance (P < .005). The mean 3-point failure load was compared with the intact contralateral mandible and noted to be 12% in the control group, 16% in group II, 18% in group III, 34.3% in group IV, and 31.7% in group V. Difference of mean percentages between one group and another was statistically significant (P < .005). In the histologic findings, new bone was generated in all groups. In groups IV and V, the formation of active woven bone was observed throughout the distracted region at 6 weeks. The amount of new bone formation in the distracted zone was in the order of group IV and V, III and II, and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that chitosan bead encapsulating calcium sulfate appears to facilitate early bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Internal distraction osteogenesis with a unidirectional device for reconstruction of mandibular segmental defects.

PURPOSE: To present the authors' clinical experience with unidirectional internal distraction devices to reconstruct mandibular defects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five patients have been treated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis to reconstruct different acquired segmental defects. These mandibular defects (35 to 80 mm in length) were reconstructed by means of internal distraction devices with a transcutaneous activator. All the patients underwent complete resection of the affected bone and immediate placement of the distraction device on the remaining mandible. RESULTS: The results' analysis was based on clinical observation, postoperative radiographs, histopathologic findings and 3-dimensional computed tomographic scans. Successful distraction osteogenesis was achieved in 3 cases. In 1 case, extensive intraoral exposure of the device was observed, resulting in a failure of the procedure. One patient died of distant metastases 4 months after the resective surgery. CONCLUSION: Because of the limited number of cases, this study is preliminary. However, considering the good experimental and clinical results, this new technique offers an alternative for patients with segmental mandibular defects in which, because of local or general reasons, a more aggressive procedure should be avoided.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Vector control in transportation osteogenesis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability to control vectors in the technique of transportation osteogenesis using 4 principles. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen defects measuring approximately 30-180 mm were retrospectively evaluated. Vector control was attempted using a single or combination of the following principles: multiple linear vectors, exaggerated linear distraction ("sausage effect"), braced guided distraction, and reorientation osteotomies. Observations were made regarding the ability to create the desired vectors. Angular deviation from desired vectors was determined and recorded numerically by evaluating either submental vertex or occlusal radiographs, stereolithographic models, or digital radiographs. Radiographic evaluation of symmetry alone was not used to determine the desired vector because a more laterally displaced segment was desirable to maintain favorable facial balance when soft tissue deficiency was pronounced. A subjective evaluation scale was developed to supplement the numerical values. RESULTS: Vector control primarily required the use of 2 or more principles. The most common combination was that of exaggerated linear distraction and reorientation osteotomy. CONCLUSION: The use of multiple linear vectors, exaggerated linear distraction ("sausage effect"), reorientation osteotomies, and braced guided distraction greatly assisted the operator in achieving the goal of symmetrical reconstruction. Transportation osteogenesis may be considered an effective tool in the box to reconstruct patients. In cases in which vector control is achieved, the advantages of diminishing the volume of bone graft required or achieving final bony reconstruction can outweigh the disadvantages of the technique.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Radiographic evaluation of alveolar distraction osteogenesis: analysis of 60 cases.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate radiographically the effectiveness of alveolar distraction osteogenesis (ADO) technique for vertical reconstruction of atrophy alveolar ridges in partially edentulous patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 vertical distraction osteogenesis procedures were performed in 55 patients. Two panoramic radiographies were performed in all patients, one the day before the beginning of distraction, and one after consolidation period, 12 weeks postoperatively. The radiographic analysis consisted of obtaining the amount of the vertical bone gain (VBG) in each radiography. For this, we obtained initially the magnification factor (MF) of each panoramic radiography by dividing the real size (RS) of the activation rod among the image size (IS) of the activation rod. After this, to obtain the VGB, we measured initially the length of the distracton preactivation (LD1), which consisted of the distance between the superior portion of the basal plate and the superior portion of the transport plate, multiplying by the MF. Then, we measured the length of the distraction postactivation (LD2), using the same method described before, in radiographies performed 12 weeks postoperatively. The VBG was obtained using the following formula: VBG = LD2 - LD1. The results were applied to descriptive statistical analysis. Complications were also investigated during all of the treatments. RESULTS: The mean alveolar distraction achieved in 60 cases was 6.27 mm (range, 0 to 10.83 mm). According to the region treated, 51.6% were in the posterior mandible (mean VBG, 4.60 mm), 36.66% were in the anterior maxilla (mean VBG, 7.46 mm), 8.33% were in the anterior mandible (mean VBG, 6.73 mm), and 3.33% were in the posterior maxilla (mean VBG, 6.32 mm). The overall rate of complications that compromised the success of the technique was 8.44%. The increased radiopacity of the distracted region could be observed in the 12-week period after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The ADO technique was demonstrated to be an effective tool to treat vertical defects of the alveolar ridge with a success rate of 91.66%. Our radiographic analysis seems to be an important tool in verifying the technique as well as planning implant placement after ADO.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Alveolar width distraction osteogenesis for early implant placement.

Distraction osteogenesis for correction of horizontal alveolar width deficiency was performed for 9 patients by using an alveolar crest widening device. Four prototypes were used during the course of the study until a final protocol was achieved. Under local anesthesia, a blind crestal osteotomy was carried out with minimal periosteal reflection. The horizontal distraction device was placed percutaneously. Distraction proceeded from the seventh postoperative day at a rate of 0.4 mm/day for 14 to 18 days. Seven to 10 days later, dental implants were placed. Distraction osteogenesis occurred in all 9 patients and increased alveolar width from 4 to 6 mm. Twenty implants successfully osteointegrated of 21 placed. Marginal bone resorption was not observed after 12 months' follow-up. The advantages of horizontal distraction over block grafting include simultaneous expansion of soft tissue, high degree of dimensional stability, abbreviated overall treatment time, and no graft requirement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Experimental evaluation of the effects of zoledronic acid on regenerate bone formation and osteoporosis in mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemically administered zoledronic acid (ZA) on the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at mandibular distraction sites in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups. Bone lengthening was performed in the left portion of the mandible through distraction osteogenesis at a rate of 0.5 mm every 12 hours for 5 days. While the experimental group rabbits were administered intravenous 0.1 mg/kg ZA, control group rabbits were given only saline infusion during operation. All animals were sacrificed at the end of the consolidation period of 28 days. The mandibles of all animals were removed and both the anterior and posterior pin regions of the regenerate and regenerate region were evaluated by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). BMD and BMC data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Except for 1 rabbit from the experimental group that had an infection at the external pin region, all animals showed complete clinical healing. When the values in the group receiving ZA were compared with those of the control group, it was observed that the BMD values of the anterior pin region of regenerate, regenerate region, and posterior pin region increased by 23%, 20%, and 31%, respectively; and BMC values increased by 22%, 24%, and 32%, respectively. When data of these regions were compared, both BMD and BMC were found statistically different in all regions (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that ZA had positive effects on new bone formation at and around the distraction gaps of the lengthened rabbit mandibles by distraction osteogenesis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2006

Effect of intravenous pamidronate therapy on functional abilities and level of ambulation in children with osteogenesis imperfecta.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional abilities and the level of ambulation during pamidronate therapy in children with moderate to severe osteogenesis imperfecta. STUDY DESIGN: Functional abilities, ambulation, and grip force were assessed in 59 patients (mean age, 6.1 years; range, 0.5-15.7 years; 30 girls) during 3 years of pamidronate treatment. Functional skills (mobility and self-care) were both assessed by using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory. Ambulation level was assessed by using the modified Bleck score. For 48 patients, results after 3 years of pamidronate treatment could be matched to those of patients with similar age and disease severity who had not received pamidronate. RESULTS: Mobility and self-care scores increased during the study period (+43% and +30%, respectively). The average ambulation score changed from 0.8 to 1.9. Maximal isometric grip force increased by 63%. Mobility and ambulation scores and grip force measures were significantly higher than in patients who had not received pamidronate. The difference in self-care scores did not reach significance. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that cyclical pamidronate treatment improves mobility, ambulation level, and muscle force in children with moderate to severe osteogenesis imperfecta.

Activities of Daily Living↗