SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
TLC was used to detect ephedrine, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizic acid, cinnamic aldehyde and xixin volatile oils in Xiaoqinglong mixture. Paeoniflorin was determined by HPLC. The average recovery is 99.42%, and RSD 0.23%.
Trials on persistence of repellent properties of N, N-diethyl phenyl acetamide (DEPA), N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), 3acetyl2(2-6-dimethyl-5-heptenyl)oxazolidine(Citronyl) , dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and N-benzoyl piperidine (NBP) on cloth were conducted against land leeches in evergreen rain and deciduous forests of Assam. Results obtained were compared with volatile oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. syn. Z. alatum Roxb (Timur) to evaluate its efficacy as leech repellent. DEPA and DEET were found to be the best. Timur oil was at par with Citronyl and exhibited better results than DMP and NBP.
Nasal congestion and sinusitis are common effects of cold and flu viruses. One treatment for nasal congestion is oral doses of vasoconstrictors such as ephedrine which mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system. Care should be taken before these are prescribed or recommended as these drugs are contraindicated in patients on certain drugs or with certain conditions. Vasoconstrictors can also be given as nasal drops or sprays but for a limited period to avoid rebound congestion. Aromatic volatile oils, e.g. menthol, eucalyptus, can be given as rubs or inhalants (see manufacturers' instructions for use with young children).
Nutmeg is an easily obtainable spice that has been widely used domestically for centuries because of its psychotropic effects. Several cases of nutmeg poisoning, including one fatality, have been published. The active ingredients are volatile oils where myristicin and elemicin are thought to be the most important constituents. These have anticholinergic and psychotropic properties and are metabolised to compounds similar to amphetamine. We present the first reported case of nutmeg poisoning in Norway.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The volatile, odorous fraction of neem oil coded as NIM-76 obtained by steam distillation was investigated for in vitro spermicidal activity. The data showed that the minimum concentration which inhibited spermatozoal motility was 0.25 mg/ml for rat and 25 mg/ml for human spermatozoa. The effect of the drug on spermatozoal motility was found to be dose-dependent. The activity of this drug was not altered in the presence of vaginal or cervical mucus. Intra-vaginal application of NIM-76 in rabbits showed no irritation to the vaginal mucosa.
The essential oil from the hydrodistillation of Eugenia dysenterica leaves consisted mainly of beta-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene as the major sesquiterpene, while limonene and alpha-thujene were the major monoterpene hydrocarbons. The main oxygenated mono and sesquiterpene constituents were alpha-terpineol and beta-caryophyllene oxide, respectively. The oil was investigated against eight strains of Candida albicans, 35 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, and two C. neoformans var. gattii isolated from HIV-infected individuals with candidosis or cryptococcal meningitis using the agar dilution method. Based on the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, the most significant results were obtained against Cryptococcus strains. It was observed that 22 strains were inhibited at a concentration of 250 microg/ml, whereas four exhibited potent inhibition with MIC values below 125 microg/ml against 10(6) UFC/ml organisms. We found MICs > or = 3.12 microg/ml for 91.6, 50 and 30% of all Cryptococcus strains in relation of amphotericin B, fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively.
NIM-76, the odorous and volatile fraction of neem oil, was investigated for its antifertility activity in vivo in rats, rabbits and rhesus monkeys. The drug is effective when applied before coitus but not so when applied during post-coital stages. It, therefore, appears to act mainly by its spermicidal effect. No alteration in the estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) values was observed after the application of the drug in monkeys.
Aroma of olive oil is a very complex mixture of components. Analysis of head space of a series of virgin olive oil samples indicate a great variability of volatile substances composition in olives and these data probably should be related to the story of olives after collecting.
The volatile constituents of the sterile stems of Equisetum arvense L. (Equisetaceae) were investigated for the first time using GC, GC/MS and (13)C-NMR. Twenty-five compounds were identified. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (18.34%), cis-geranyl acetone (13.74%), thymol (12.09%) and trans-phytol (10.06%) were the major constituents. A disk diffusion method was used for the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of this oil against a panel of microorganisms (bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritidis; fungi: Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The 1:10 dilution of the essential oil of Equisetum arvense L. was shown to possess a broad spectrum of a very strong antimicrobial activity against all tested strains.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The toxicities of 44 plant essential oils against larvae of Cadra cautella (Walker) were examined using direct contact and vapor phase toxicity bioassays and compared with the lethal activity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos, and fenthion, four widely used organophosphorus insecticides. Responses varied according to plant material used and exposure dose and time. In a filter paper contact toxicity bioassay, potent toxicity was produced from buchu leaf, niaouli, and rosemary oils at 2.4 mg/cm2 and armoise, cypress, galbanum, and mace oils at 4.7 mg/cm2. In vapor phase toxicity bioassays with larvae, cypress, galbanum, niaouli, and rosemary oils were much more effective in closed containers than in open containers, indicating that the lethal effects of these oils were largely because of action in the vapor phase. As judged by 24-h LC50 values, potent fumigant action was observed with niaouli oil (64.7 mg/liter air) and rosemary oil (64.6 mg liter/air). Cypress and galbanum oils exhibited weak fumigant activity. These essential oils were less active than dichlorvos (0.86 mg/liter air). Little or no fumigant action was observed with chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, and fenthion. Essential oils described herein, particularly niaouli and rosemary oils, merit further study as potential larvicides for the control of C. cautella.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.