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PubMedDate not supplied

[Occupational health problems in epileptics].

From the point of view of occupational medicine some questions are important for epileptics; amongst others: falling, behavior during the paroxysm, shift work dependence of attack, behaviour after an epileptic episode. Occupational capacity depends on the process of epileptic episodes and their frequency. The development of neurology has rendered numerous cures from epilepsy, but the the occupational stigma is difficult in many professions--electrical engineering, working with machinery, milling machines and others. In some professions a care must be taken when hiring epileptics--for instance professions with a fall hazard, jobs connected with public transport or involving crane or excavator operation.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed1988

Measures of memory and information processing in elderly volunteers.

A screening study was carried out in normal elderly volunteers to determine 1. their scores in measures of memory and information processing 2. how the measures correlate with sample characteristics 3. how the measures correlate with each other and with the EEG. We report here on 111 subjects, 56 women and 55 men aged 53-77 years (63.9 +/- 6.8) with average intelligence (Coloured Progressive Matrices CPM 26.7 +/- 5.1). In the C-normed measures of the word list from the Nuremberg Geriatric Inventory (NGI) our sample scored better than average (immediate recall of words C = 7.5, delayed recall of words C = 8.2; mean C = 5). The sample even attained ceiling scores in the test of recognition. The sample likewise had a better than average speed in a color-word test (CWT) of focused attention similar to the Stroop test (e.g., reading C = 7.5, color-naming C = 6.7, interference task C = 6.3) and in the ZVT trail-making test (C = 7.0). In contrast, speed-free focused attention was only average (C = 5.2 and C = 5.5). The following sample characteristics correlated with test measures of memory and information processing (p less than 0.01): age negatively with immediate recall, trail making, incidental episodic memory, focused attention, speed in the CWT; intelligence correlated positively with 10-min adding which relies on working memory (Pauli test) and immediate recall; education correlated positively with delayed recall, visual memory performance in a figures test, immediate recall, and reading speed in the CWT; occupation correlated positively with figures test performance; exercise of profession correlated positively with incidental episodic memory and immediate recall. Age and occupation correlated more with motor measures than with cognitive measures (pegboard, 1 min tapping at maximal speed). Sex had no bearing on memory characteristics, but did on tracking (men better) and color-naming performance in the CWT (women better). Of the semiluxuries, only regular alcohol consumption showed a relationship with the test measures (negatively with color-naming speed, immediate recall, and pegboard performance). Analysis of memory and information processing measures revealed no correlations (r greater than or equal to 0.40) between memory measures from the word list, Pauli test, figures test, and learning. Measures of the CWT correlated with Pauli test and pegboard. ZVT score was the variable with the most correlations (CWT, Pauli test, pegboard). A factor analysis with a reduced set of variables should further clarify the inner structure of our subject's performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Preparing placement supervisors for primary care: an interprofessional perspective from the UK.

All the professions working in primary care provide placements for students. How common, or how profession-specific, are the competency requirements of the different professions for their members who supervise students on placements? If there is a significant degree of commonality in these competency requirements, how feasible would it be to develop an integrated interprofessional development and support programme for placement educators? These were the main questions addressed in this research project. The requirements for placement educators of four professions in the UK - nursing, medicine, occupational therapy and social work - were analysed and classified. Categories identified included the skills of enabling learning, knowledge of the theory and principles of learning, the ability to manage the learning environment and the ability to impart a sense of professional responsibility, as well as up-to-date knowledge on professional practice and on the relevant curricula. We concluded that only the last of these was profession-specific. The potential to use this classification for the development of an interprofessional placement educator training and support programme was explored, and the potential benefits of using this area to promote interprofessional learning were discussed. Issues that need to be considered include gaining cross professional involvement, whether service providers or universities should run programmes, whether there should be one or several programmes, and accreditation. In order to explore and take action on these issues a working group with representatives of the four professions was set up in the Primary Care Trust.

Allied Health Occupations↗
PubMed1992

Assessment of codependency behavior in two health student groups.

The present study examines the relationship between codependency and caregiving to determine whether codependent persons tend to be attracted to caregiving professions. The study also examined the relationship between codependency, self-esteem, and locus of control, as measured by the Friel Co-Dependency Assessment Inventory (Friel, 1985; Friel & Friel, 1987), the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (Fitts, 1965), and the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (Rotter, 1966), respectively. Voluntary participants consisted of 15 occupational therapy students and 15 health information administration (HIA) students believed to be different from one another with respect to the caregiving aspects of their respective professions. The occupational therapy group scored significantly lower than the HIA group on the measure of codependency (m = 21.2 vs. m = 28.8, respectively) [t(28) = 2.258, p = 05]. No other significant differences were noted between groups for the other test scores. Only codependency scores between 31 and 60, that is, moderate-to-severe and severe concerns (n = 6), had a strong correlation with self-esteem scores (r = -.974) and a moderate correlation with locus of control scores (r = .683). No student in the occupational therapy group scored within the moderate-to-severe or severe range. The results did not support a relationship between codependency and choice of a caregiving-oriented profession. Further, only moderate-to-severe and severe codependency scores were indicative of low self-esteem and high external locus of control. Implications of this study suggest incorporation into the academic preparation of occupational therapy students information regarding codependency and self-assessment of codependency to facilitate awareness of the student's need to nurture others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Hearing loss in musicians.

Hearing is of special vocational importance in musicians. Musical performance may create sounds sufficiently intense to cause sensorineural hearing loss. Although such losses are usually not severe enough to be compensable under American Academy of Otolaryngology guidelines for occupational hearing loss, they may interfere with the musician's ability to perform the daily tasks of his or her profession. A review of the literature on occupational hearing loss in musicians reveals a substantial need for further research.

Ear Protective Devices↗
PubMed1984

Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectureship, 1984: transformation of a profession.

Professional evolution includes a period of disunity, a phase when old values and concepts are being examined, and new perspectives emerge. Disunity can be a positive impetus for dynamic change. Transformation provides a higher level reintegration through which new understanding and progress unfold. Occupational therapy's transformation is now; it is time for careful analysis and creative synthesis. Transformation is a three-fold process of integration of past, present, and future into an upward spiral of professional development. Transformation is a constant flow of activities influenced by both internal and external factors. Although there are multidimensions that influence occupational therapy's transformation, three major components are inherent in the profession's paradigm shift: society's decline in patriarchal authority; decline in allegiance to a biomedical model; and shift in values, dimensions of practice, and education that form the reality of occupational therapy. Transformation of our profession will be a paradigm shift: in our value system of purposeful activity to a new perspective of occupation and occupational, in our quest to develop a unifying theory for recognition of the unifying force of values, in our concepts and theories to include the science of occupation and the art of purposefulness from total allegiance to scientific knowledge to include intuitive knowledge, from being an allied medical field to an independent health profession that is both educationally and medically related, from a biomedical model to a paradigm of wellness, in balancing of feminine and masculine values of human nature in organizing educational curricula and entry-level requirements that reflect our value system and predicted practice dimensions.

Forecasting↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurses' health, age and the wish to leave the profession--findings from the European NEXT-Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In many industrialised countries the number of workers with low health is expected to increase in the nursing profession. This will have implications for occupational health work in health care. The European NEXT-Study (www. next-study. net, funded by EU) investigates working conditions of nurses in ten European countries and provides the opportunity to evaluate the role of health with respect to age and the consideration of leaving nursing. METHODS: 26,263 female registered nurses from Belgium, Germany, Finland, France, England, Italy, Netherlands, Poland and Slovakia were eligible for analysis. RESULTS: In most countries, older nurses considered leaving the profession more frequently than younger nurses. 'Health' was--next to 'professional opportunities' and 'work organisational factors'--strongly associated with the consideration of leaving nursing. However, more than half of all nurses with low health wanted to remain in the profession. This group reported rather positive psychosocial working conditions--but also the highest fear for unemployment. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that 'the nurse with low health' is reality in many health care settings. Both positive supporting working conditions but also lack of occupational alternatives and fear of unemployment may contribute to this. Current economic, political and demographic trends implicate that the number of active nurses with low health will increase. Occupational health surveillance will be challenged by this. But NEXT findings implicate that prevention also will have to regard work organisational factors if the aim is to sustain nurses' health and to enable nurses to remain healthy in their profession until retirement age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Perspectives for an epidemiological study of hairy cell leukemia].

A strong male predominance (4/1) has been noticed in all series of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and we wonder whether there could be a link between male predominance and occupation. From a series of 161 patients observed by two different groups, the repartition of profession suggest an aetiological link between HCL and occupational exposure, particularly radiation, benzene and other solvents, since it appears that the proportion of medical workers (6%), mechanic divers (22%), printers and painters (10%) and farmers (11%) represent a high proportion of patients. Aware of the relative rarity of the disease we suggested to set up a national registry of the cases of HCL, the precise incidence of which remains unknown, and to start a classical case-referent study.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Occupational stress in anaesthesia.

Anaesthetists, like most in the medical profession, often deny that they may be suffering from work-related stress. This article explores the sources and effects of occupational stress with suggestions for dealing with the stresses of our specialty.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2001

Self assessment for quality and assurance. An essential component of effective health care delivery at the worksite.

Programs designed to ensure high quality performance, whatever name they are given, have the same basic elements. They measure compliance with established standards, provide feedback, institute changes as necessary to improve outcomes, and measure again. The first steps include determining which programs need evaluation and identifying the standards. Measurement tools are then developed and the self assessment takes place. After the results are analyzed, the necessary program changes are made, and the cycle is repeated. Failure to determine levels of compliance with government regulations can leave a company vulnerable to sanctions if noncompliance is significant. Self identification of problems before they become apparent outside the department allows the occupational and environmental health nurse to make program and process improvements before the problems become crises. Self assessments are designed to monitor activities, determine program or procedure effectiveness, validate decision making, and investigate unsolicited observations and comments. Self regulation is the hallmark of a mature profession (Phaneuf, 1972), and as such, occupational and environmental health nurses have a professional responsibility to actively engage in formalized self regulation activities.

Documentation↗
PubMed1981

Occupational nasal carcinogenesis among dentists?

671 dentists were registered in Alberta for 1973. In that year two dentists presented at the Cross Cancer Institute with extensive anaplastic squamous cell carcinoma involving the nasal cavity and accessory sinuses, an incidence rate of 298 per 100,000. Owing to the Provincial Cancer Service the registration of malignant disease is virtually complete and during 1973 the total Alberta registration of squamous carcinoma of the nasal cavity, accessory sinuses and nasopharynx was 28 cases. Assuming that all 28 cases arose in males over 24 years of age, and knowing that the 1973 Alberta population included 412,000 males over the age of 24 years a maximum expected incidence rate of 6.8 per 100,000 would apply to this population group. This paper describes the two dentists referred to above, contrasts the incidence rates previously quoted, discusses the frequency of malignancy among dentists in general and most especially draws attention to the role of inhaled oil droplets produced by high speed air rotor dental drills as a possible occupational carcinogenic hazard in the dental profession. On reviewing the world medical literature no previous report of this hazard has yet been traced. There is no significant risk for dental patients.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed2003

Occupation and smoking as risk factors for lung cancer: a population-based case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is associated with occupation, but not much is known about the influence exerted on risk by length of exposure and the joint effect of occupational exposure and tobacco on risk of lung cancer. METHODS: Through a population-based case-control study, we defined risk professions as those that have been associated previously with higher risk of lung cancer. RESULTS: The relative risk seems to increase linearly and significantly with the number of years spent in risk occupations, rising significantly by 28% for every 10 years in a risk profession. Should such occupations be combined with exposure to a smoking habit, then in the case of heavy smokers, a working career spanning 20 years or more in risk occupations would mean tripling the possibility of developing lung cancer from occupation. CONCLUSIONS: The high risks observed indicate a public health problem and indicate that joint exposure to risk professions and tobacco ought to be avoided. We must stress from these results the need for effective education for all workers.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

A problem-oriented assessment of continuing education needs of allied health department heads.

A survey of the continuing education needs of allied health department heads in Ohio hospitals and educational institutions provided data on the following professions: Dietetics, Medical Record Administration, Medical Technology, Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, Radiologic Technology, and Respiratory Therapy. Seven hundred and eighty responses (51% response rate) representing the seven allied health professions were analyzed by profession and in total. Of the respondents, 93 percent stated an interest in attending continuing education programs but only 59 percent had inservice continuing education provided by their employing institution. Specific topics needed and program characteristics to maximize accessibility were identified for each profession.

Ancillary Services, Hospital↗
PubMed1993

State authority, medical dominance, and trends in the regulation of the health professions: the Ontario case.

The relationships amongst the health professions and between them and the state are rapidly changing. I argue that analysis of these relationships has to take into consideration: the fact that medicine played an intermediary role (through medical dominance in health care) between the state and the other health occupations; the permeability of the boundaries of the state and the professions; and the dual nature of professional organizations (as sites of intra-occupational conflict and as possible vehicles of extra-occupational control). In Ontario the medical profession partially 'mediated' the relationships between 'non-physician' health occupations and the state through medical control over other health care occupations. National/provincial health insurance brought the state into the health care system as an actor and forced a reconsideration of its relationships with medicine and with the other health care occupations. The state came to be directly involved in 'rationalizing' health care. This involvement meant curbing the power of medicine and modifying the relationships between medicine and the para-medical occupations. State influence is partly constructed through a particular kind of professional organization, namely, the professional College. These changing relationships are illustrated by historical and recent developments regarding medicine, nursing and chiropractic in Ontario.

Chiropractic↗
PubMed1993

State authority, medical dominance, and trends in the regulation of the health professions: the Ontario case.

The relationships amongst the health professions and between them and the state are rapidly changing. I argue that analysis of these relationships has to take into consideration: the fact that medicine played an intermediary role (through medical dominance in health care) between the state and the other health occupations; the permeability of the boundaries of the state and the professions; and the dual nature of professional organizations (as sites of intra-occupational conflict and as possible vehicles of extra-occupational control). In Ontario the medical profession partially 'mediated' the relationships between 'non-physician' health occupations and the state through medical control over other health care occupations. National/provincial health insurance brought the state into the health care system as an actor and forced a reconsideration of its relationships with medicine and with the other health care occupations. The state came to be directly involved in 'rationalizing' health care. This involvement meant curbing the power of medicine and modifying the relationships between medicine and the para-medical occupations. State influence is partly constructed through a particular kind of professional organization, namely, the professional College. These changing relationships are illustrated by historical and recent developments regarding medicine, nursing and chiropractic in Ontario.

Chiropractic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational therapists' responses to practice errors in physical rehabilitation settings.

OBJECTIVE: Errors occur in all health care professions. Practice errors, however, have not been systematically examined in occupational therapy. The purpose of this study was to examine occupational therapists' responses to practice errors in physical rehabilitation settings. METHOD: A qualitative focus group research method was used in this study and a total of 35 occupational therapists from four different states who had practice experience in physical rehabilitation settings participated in four focus groups. Focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by two investigators of the study. Qualitative software program, NUD*IST Vivo was used to aid the data analysis process. RESULTS: Five major themes were generated from the data regarding practice errors, which included (1) Concept of practice error: It is against our standards; (2) Perceived causes of practice error: Not just an individual matter; (3) Emotional responses: I felt horrible; (4) Impact on practice: Doing things differently; and (5) Management of practice error: Being honest and taking initiative. Occupational therapists perceived practice error from a broad perspective and identified physical and psychosocial issues as practice error. CONCLUSION: Most practice errors described by participants appeared to be preventable. Despite the tremendous emotional distress in reaction to making an error, participants valued the learning in the experience and made constructive practice changes. Findings of the study have implications for current educational training programs and practice such as the development of clinical reasoning related to patient safety and assertiveness training for hierarchical situations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reclaiming the vision of reaching for heart as well as hands.

Although infrequently discussed in the professional literature, visionary language and visual imagery are identifiable elements within occupational therapy's culture. They seem part of the profession's desire to characterize, affirm, and renew itself. One early vision of practice, that of reaching for heart as well as hands, is the subject of this inquiry that extends a prior discussion of visions in occupational therapy. Central to the inquiry are the early vision's (a) origin, exemplification, and clarity of meaning within one autobiographical text and (b) merits for the profession's characterization, affirmation, and renewal. The early vision of reaching for heart as well as hands may benefit the profession today by characterizing the ethos of occupational therapy as integrative, affirming its practice as occupational, and inspiring its practitioners to renew a commitment to caring.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Burnout in occupational therapists and physical therapists working in head injury rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVES: Burnout has been linked to job retention in occupational therapy, physical therapy, and other health professions. Professional development activities are often suggested to reduce burnout, but little empirical evidence supports this contention. This study explored the prevalence of burnout among occupational and physical therapists working in head injury rehabilitation and evaluated the relationship between burnout and professional development activities. METHOD: Forty therapists working full-time in head injury rehabilitation were surveyed. Correlations between subscale scores of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (i.e., Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment) and responses to a survey of professional development activities are reported. RESULTS: Professional development activities are most strongly associated with feelings of personal accomplishment. Emotional exhaustion was relatively high among these therapists, but few feelings of depersonalization were evident. CONCLUSIONS: Professional development activities in the workplace may augment feelings of personal accomplishment and minimize burnout as an issue in job retention. Strategies to effectively identify and manage therapists' feelings of emotional exhaustion require further study.

Adult↗