Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Nimustine”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Combination chemotherapy with 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride and bleomycin in meningeal carcinomatosis in rats.

Combination chemotherapy with 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) and bleomycin (BLM) was evaluated using an experimental model of meningeal carcinomatosis induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intracisternal inoculation of 1 X 10(4) Walker 256 tumor cells. Tumor-bearing animals were treated by i.v. administration of cyclophosphamide, BLM, ACNU, or a combination thereof, starting on Day 5 after tumor inoculation. BLM, 5 mg/kg on Day 5 as well as 5 mg/kg/day on Days 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13, was ineffective. Cyclophosphamide, 30 mg/kg, or ACNU, 15 or 30 mg/kg, on Day 5 increased the median survival time by 52, 70, and 82%, respectively. The combination of ACNU, 15 mg/kg, and cyclophosphamide, 15 mg/kg, increased median survival time by 73%, while the combination of ACNU, 15 mg/kg, and BLM, 5 mg/kg, resulted in a maximal increase of median survival time of 200% when the agents were given on Day 5. The combination of ACNU, 15 mg/kg on Day 5, and BLM, 5 mg/kg/day on Days 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13, increased median survival time by over 360% and cured 60% of the animals. These results point to the therapeutic advantage inherent in ACNU and BLM combination therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Chemotherapy against pulmonary metastasis from uterine cervical carcinoma].

The eligibilities for chemotherapy, prognostic factors and effects of chemotherapy were evaluated in pulmonary metastasis from uterine cervical carcinoma. There was no difference in median survival between patients treated with surgery and those with chemotherapy. The mediastinal lymph node involvement and vascular invasion were demonstrated to be important prognostic factors in patients treated with surgery, and it was suggested that systemic chemotherapy should be given to the patients with mediastinal lymph node involvement. The median survivals of patients treated with chemotherapy were 12.3 months in patients with pulmonary metastasis alone and 5 months in those with both pulmonary and other visceral metastasis, respectively. Responders to chemotherapy survived longer than non-responders. Overall response rate was 42.7% (44/103), and the response rate of MDU (Mitomycin C+Dextran sulfate+Urokinase) (62.3%) was higher than other chemotherapeutic regimens, which suggested that appropriate chemotherapy would prolong the survival of patients with pulmonary metastasis from uterine carcinoma.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Application of flow cytometry to chemotherapy of malignant brain tumor].

It has been suggested that flow cytometric analysis may offer an ability to select drugs for chemotherapy of malignant neoplasms. For this purpose perturbation of cell cycle travers which induced by several anti-cancer drugs were studied to determine the fundamental factors to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy for individual tumors. From these results, we have made a presumption that for the majority drugs studied, the perturbation of cell cycle travers will be proportional to tumor cell kill. Primary cultured cells from the human brain tumor were used to determine the effectiveness of drugs for its treatment using Factor B (the accumulated cells in SG2M phases after anti-cancer drug treatment as the percentage of cells that was previously in SG2M phases) in comparison with the results (dose-response curves) obtained by glioma cell line. The clinical application was tried using these results. A case with malignant astrocytoma had shown 20.8% for ACNU treatment, however, 85.7% for VCR treatment in maximum range of Factor B on the samples of the removed tumor at the operation (cultured cells). This patient was already treated with radiation, ACNU and other anti-cancer drugs but subsequently failed and revealed constant growth in tumor size. Thereafter patient was treated with VCR according to flow cytometric indication, there was a response, that was the first time after the desperate trials of various drugs. It was only one case, nevertheless, this result illustrates the type of studies for our plan to pursue in order to determine if flow cytometric analysis aids in the brain tumor chemotherapy by individualizing patient's treatment in near future.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[New combination chemotherapy for malignant melanoma--PAV(peplomycin, ACNU, VCR) therapy].

A combination chemotherapy (PAV) consisting of peplomycin, ACNU and vincristine (VCR) was given to 30 patients with malignant melanoma and its therapeutic evaluation was performed. The objective response rate was 42.9% for the patients with stage IV metastatic lesions; three of 7 patients showed improvement. This regimen was particularly effective for both cutaneous and subcutaneous metastatic lesions. When PAV was applied as an adjuvant therapy to the operable cases with stage Ib and II, a five-year survival rate was 50% and the result was far better than that of operation alone. Our results in PAV regimen almost identical with those of DAV(DTIC, ACNU, and VCR) regimen as an adjuvant therapy. The result indicates that PAV regimen is useful for the treatment of malignant melanoma since toxic reactions were mild. Further studies are necessary to assess the efficacy of PAV regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The value of carcinoembryonic antigens in patients with advanced lung cancer: in relation to chemotherapy].

The serum carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) levels in 177 advanced lung cancer patients were studied to assess their value for the prognosis and indicating the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The relationship of pretreatment CEA levels with histology and stage of disease was also examined. Levels in excess of 5 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml were found in 55% and 32% of lung cancer patients, respectively. The elevated CEA levels were more frequently observed in patients with adenocarcinoma (65% in excess of 5 ng/ml) and extensive disease, but pretreatment CEA levels were not significantly correlated with the histology and clinical stage of disease. In 102 patients with adenocarcinoma, there was no significant difference of survival time in each patient with CEA levels less than 5 ng/ml, 5.0 less than or equal to - less than 20 ng/ml and in excess of 20 ng/ml; median survival time was 7, 7, 8 mo, respectively, and response to chemotherapy was not significant in each of these groups. Serial serum CEA measurements in patients with pretreatment levels in excess of 20 ng/ml correlated well with changes in disease status reflecting clinical response to chemotherapy. Mean percent changes of CEA levels to pretreatment levels were-77.4% in patients with partial response (PR), -55.6% in those with minor response (MR), -4.0% in patients with no change (NC) and +79.0% in patients showing progressive disease (PD). There was a significant difference in the percent changes of CEA levels between patients with an objective response (PR) and patients who had none (MR + NC) (p less than 0.02). CEA levels of all patients who had PD increased or unchanged. Serial measurements of serum CEA are useful in patients whose pretreatment levels are more than 20 ng/ml for monitoring the response to chemotherapy, and may be a useful noninvasive technique for patients with unmeasurable disease as a monitor of tumor burden in response to chemotherapy and recurrent disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Local application of anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of malignant pleural and pericardial effusion].

Pleural effusion is a common complication in patients with malignant neoplasm. A randomized controlled study of intrapleural instillation of Adriamycin (control group, 30 patients) and Adriamycin Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS group, 26 patients) with tube thoracostomy was performed in 55 patients with malignant pleural effusion due to primary lung cancer. The response rates for control of pleural effusion were 73.4% in the N-CWS group and 46.1% in the N-CWS group. These results suggest that intrapleural instillation using a combination of anti-cancer agent and immunopotentiator is an effective treatment for malignant pleurisy. Cardiac tamponade secondary to cancer is a life-threatening complication requiring immediate treatment. Twenty-four patients with malignant pericardial effusion were treated by intrapericardial instillation of anti-cancer drugs, such as Carbazilquinone, Mitomycin-C or ACNU, with pericardial drainage. The range of survival time from the instillation of anti-cancer drug was 3-365 days (average days). In only 4 patients, reaccumulation of pericardial effusion was recognized. There were no serious complications with this procedure. It was considered that local instillation of anti-cancer agents with pericardial drainage was a useful therapeutic modality for malignant pericarditis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Comparative effect of administration schedules on the antitumor activities of 3 water-soluble nitrosoureas, ACNU, GANU and MCNU against L1210 leukemia].

ACNU, GANU and MCNU, water-soluble nitrosoureas, have been evaluated in terms of influence of treatment schedule on antitumor activity in mice bearing L1210 leukemia. The results obtained were as follows: 1) ACNU produced a significant increase in life span and long-term survivors by administration on day 1 only, once every 8 days for 2 doses or once every 4 days for 3 doses, and the compound was most effective when given on day 1 only. 2) GANU produced a significant increase in life span and long-term survivors by same administration schedules as ACNU, and the compound was most effective when given every 8 days for 2 doses. 3) MCNU produced a significant increase in life span and long-term survivors by each administration including daily treatment, and the compound was most effective when given every 4 days for 3 doses. 4) ACNU and MCNU displayed the same level of activity as CCNU when the drugs were given on day 1 only. Daily treatment with MCNU was as effective as daily treatment with CCNU. Our results suggest that ACNU, GANU and MCNU should be administered by intermittent schedule as lipid-soluble nitrosoureas such as BCNU, CCNU and MeCCNU.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Cancer chemotherapy with special reference to pharmacokinetics of nitrosoureas].

This paper provides an overview of cancer chemotherapy with special reference to the pharmacokinetics of the nitrosoureas. At physiological PH, the chloroethylnitrosoureas can be decomposed into an isocyanate and 2-chloroethyl diazene hydroxide. Therefore, it is clear that they have both alkylation and carbamoylation actions. In addition to the spontaneous chemical dissociation, the nitrosoureas can be metabolized by liver microsomal enzymes to more polar hydroxylated products, and certain nitrosoureas can be denitrosated by these enzymes to the parent urea. Since the lipid-soluble nitrosoureas and some of the water-soluble nitrosoureas such as ACNU and MCNU demonstrated to cross the blood-brain barrier, they have been used in the treatment of primary brain tumors and tumors and tumors of metastatic origin. It has been demonstrated from the results of our study and other reports that the alkylation of DNA by ACNU progresses more slowly as compared with that of other alkylating agents. This is an important finding in relation to the appearance of delayed myelosuppression of the nitrosoureas and in the design of dose schedules of these agents. The major clinical emphasis has been directed towards the more active chloroethylnitrosoureas with reduced myelosuppression, and attempts are now made for this purpose. Unfortunately, the results of phase I and II trials of the newly developed nitrosoureas suggest that these agents produce delayed and cumulative bone marrow toxicity. Antitumor activity of the nitrosoureas is frequestly observed in chronic myelocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, brain tumors and small cell carcinoma of the lung, and less frequently in gastrointestinal carcinoma, multiple myeloma and malignant melanoma. In order to enhance clinical effects of the nitrosoureas, further investigation of the design in therapeutic schedules on the basis of their pharmacokinetic characteristics will be needed.

Carmustine↗
PubMed1983

[Adjuvant immunotherapy with levamisole for malignant glioma].

The long-term therapeutic results in patients with glioblastoma multiforme and malignant astrocytoma were compared between 15 cases of levamisole treated group and 18 cases of control group similar in method and time of treatment to the levamisole treated group. As the result, it was found that the prolongation of life was noted in the levamisole treated group compared with the control. In adult patients, the levamisole treated group survived significantly longer than the control group (p less than 0.05). There is, however, no significant difference of prolongation of the survival time between the levamisole treated (8 cases) and control (8 cases) groups, both which were pretreated by chemoradiotherapy using ACNU and vincristine. This paper refers also to side effects of levamisole.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Anti-tumor activity of ACNU against malignant glioma--a clinical application of in vitro sensitivity test of chemotherapeutic agent].

In vitro sensitivity test of cultured human malignant glioma cells to ACNU[1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride] was performed on Falcon 3064 microtestplate. Early culture cells established from 10 clinical cases were examined by means of this method and the correlation between in vitro response and clinical response of tumor to ACNU was studied. In microtestplate assay, it was defined as ACNU sensitive when the tumor growth showed more than 60% suppression when tumor was cultured in the medium which contained 40 meg/ml of ACNU. Clinical responses were evaluated by means of CT scan, being divided into 4 classes, PR (partial response), CR (complete response), NC (no change) and PD (progressive disease). The former two groups were regarded as responder and the latter two as nonresponder. The correlationship between in vitro response and clinical response was higher in resistant group (100%) than in the sensitive group (60%), so the resistant tumor can be checked with this method. For this reason, the use of this assay may prove helpful in the selection of the chemotherapeutic agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Multidisciplinary treatment for small cell lung cancer].

The effect of multidisciplinary treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung was tested. The response rates to induction chemotherapy were 69.2% (9/13) and 57.1% (12/22) in small cell carcinoma of the lung with limited and extensive disease, respectively. The response rates of oat and intermediate cells were 63.6% (14/22) and 50% (5/10), respectively. Radiation therapy to primary site and mediastinum after induction chemotherapy was also effective, producing the response rates of 87.8% (7/8) and 58.3% (7/12) in limited disease and extensive disease, respectively. The non-responder and recurrent cases responded to chemotherapy with epipodophyllotoxin and/or cisplatin but not with mitomycin C and/or adriamycin. The median survival of all 37 cases was 12.2+ months, and those with limited and extensive cases were 14.8+ and 8.7 months, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Randomized systemic chemotherapy using two or three drug combination for small cell lung cancer (SCLC)].

Randomized trials were sequentially performed in SCLC patients using a two-drug combination (ACNU . VCR, ADM . VCR) and a three-drug combination (ACNU . CPA . VCR, ACNU . ADM . VCR). The response rate for the two-drug regimen was 36.4% (8/22 cases) and that for the three-drug combination was 60.0% (15/25 cases). The median survival time of the two groups was 7 and 9 months, respectively. The group with PS. 0-1 showed a better prognosis than that with PS. 2-3 (p = 0.03). No fatal side effects were experienced in this protocol. These data suggest that the three-drug combination (ACNU . VCR . CPA) represents an active regimen for SCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Combination chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung: AVN-DVC therapy].

Comparative studies of alternating non-cross resistant chemotherapy, A.V.N.-D.V.C. (ACNU + VCR + PCZ-ADM + VCR + CPA) was carried out on 19 patients with small cell lung cancer. A.V.N. (A. V.F.) therapy on 45 patients and D.V.C. therapy on 19 patients were used as historical control, respectively. A.V.N. (A.V.F.) therapy was composed of ACNU (2.5 mg/kg, day 1), VCR (0.02 mg/kg, once every week) and PCZ (1 mg/kg, daily) (or FT-207 (15 mg/kg, daily], and duration of one course was 6 to 8 weeks. D.V.C. therapy was composed of ADM (1 mg/kg, day 1) VCR (0.02 mg/kg, days 1 and 5) and CPA (2 mg/kg, days 1 to 5), and repeated every 4 weeks. A.V.N.-D.V.C. therapy was done by a timely alternation of one course of A.V.N. and two course of D.V.C. Reduction rate of tumor size was 84% in A.V.N.-D.V.C. therapy, 62% in A.V.N. (A.V.F.) therapy and 26% in D.V.C. therapy, respectively. Median survival time was 13 months on A.V.N.-D.N.C. therapy, 8.5 months and A.V.N. (A. V.F.) therapy and 4 months on D.V.C. therapy. Significant prolongation of median survival time was obtained in A.V.N.-D.V.C. therapy in comparison with that of historical controls. Major toxicity in A.V.N.-D.V.C. therapy was slight bone marrow suppression.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Multidisciplinary treatment of metastatic brain tumor and its fundamental studies for chemo-immunotherapy].

We have studied the effect of ACNU and adriamycin on rat brain tumor model innoculated by hepatoma cells (AH-7974) in relationship to blood-brain barrier. It is concluded that a drug penetrates BBB(ACNU) is more potent agent for brain metastasis than non-penetrating drug (adriamycin). T cell and its subsets were measured using monoclonal antibodies; OKT 3, 4 and 8 in 12 patients with brain metastasis during the clinical course in relationship to immunotherapy with N-CWS. It was found that these parameters seemed well correlated to the immunological state of the patients and also useful to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy. Seventy six cases of brain metastasis of lung cancer were treated since CT scan has been introduced. The result of our multidisciplinary treatments were analysed. Overall mean survival was 7.44 months and one, two and three years survival rate was 19.8%, 9.7% and 2.8% respectively. However mean survival was 24.7 months in the selected cases with multimodal scheduled therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Long-term survival of patients with brain tumors treated with ACNU and PSK after surgery--with special reference to there immunological follow-up].

Forty-one non-selected patients with malignant brain tumors have been treated since 1976 with chemoimmunotherapy using ACNU and PSK postoperatively. Eleven (27%) of these cases have survived usefully over five years, including 6 cases (30%) out of 20 with glioblastoma (astrocytoma III, IV approximately Kernohan). This long-term survival response for glioblastoma was considered to be better than any previous figures in the literature. Among these 6 cases, one child of 11 years old with brain stem tumor was found to be so significantly improved by chemoimmunotherapy that no surgery was needed. In another patient with astrocytoma III of the bilateral thalamus, the tumor was seen to be diminished so completely on CT examination after administration of ACNU(100 mg x 4), that no surgery was needed except for external decompression and was needed except for external decompression and biopsy. In three other cases local (intracavitary) chemotherapy was performed successfully. Local concentration of ACNU in these latter cases 24 h after its insertion was verified as being markedly higher than that in peripheral blood and brain tissues after intravascular administration. In an immunological study of these brain tumors, parameters such as lymphocytes and T cells in peripheral blood and Ig(G.A.M) in serum were examined. The results showed that these parameters were almost at normal levels in long-term survival patients (Group I), low in short-term survivals patients (Group II died) and normal in all control cases (Group III benign brain tumors, traumatic disorders etc.). Combined administration of PSK was considered to be very effective for the improvement of these parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[High dose ACNU and radiation therapy with autologous bone marrow rescue for a patient with cerebellar medulloblastoma: case report].

High dose ACNU and radiation therapy with autologous bone marrow rescue was performed in a 3-year-old boy suffering from cerebellar medulloblastoma, whose main mass had been removed at operation when widespread subarachnoid tumor dissemination was already present. The myelosuppression, which is a major side effect of high dose chemotherapy, was successfully prevented by the autologous bone marrow grafting and the serial CT scans showed complete disappearance of the tumor. However, the patient died on the 53rd day after the administration of ACNU of respiratory complication which was most likely due to pulmonary fibrosis. Although the autologous bone marrow rescue therapy is a technical advance to cope with myelosuppression secondary to chemotherapy, side effects of the other organs, particularly of the respiratory system, remain to be solved. The optimal treatment schedule should be established as soon as possible.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for metastatic hepatic tumor of colo-rectal cancer].

Effect of intraarterial infusion chemotherapy on metastatic liver tumor (28 cases) of colo-rectal cancer was compared with that of oral or intravenous chemotherapy (8 cases). The efficacy of the selective intraarterial chemotherapy was 40%, non-selective intraarterial chemotherapy, 11.1% and oral or intravenous chemotherapy 0%, respectively. Mean survival time of the intraarterial chemotherapy was 11.1 months, and that of oral or intravenous chemotherapy was 6.0 months, suggesting greater efficacy of the intraarterial infusion chemotherapy. Especially, the selective intraarterial infusion chemotherapy will be an effective therapy for inoperable metastatic liver tumor.

Adult↗