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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Halcinonide-neomycin-nystatin in the treatment of dermatosis and cutaneous candidiasis].

Sixty-four patients were treated for inflammatory dermatoses or cutaneous candidiasis with a new corticosteroid combination drug, halcinonide-neomycin-nystatin (HNN). In 50 patients treated for psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, eczematous dermatitis, or neurodermatitis, HNN was evaluated in a double-blind, paired comparison study with hydrocortisone (HC) as the control drug. HNN was superior in 24 patients, HC was superior in 6, and the responses were equal in 18. The overall therapeutic response was Excellent with HNN in 29 patients as compared to 14 with HC. The anticandidal properties of HNN were assessed in a parallel study with iodochlorhydroxyquin-hydrocortisone (I-HC) as the control drug. The most frequently treated conditions were "erosio interdigitalis blastomycotica" and candidal lesions of the neck region. The response with HNN was Excellent in 7 of 14 patients as compared to 4 out of 14 treated with I-HC.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Effects of shaking on the sensitivity of neuromuscular transmission in vitro to d-tubocurarine and neomycin in mice.

The effects of continuous shaking after birth were examined on the sensitivity of neuromuscular transmission to d-tubocurarine (dTc) and neomycin (NMC) in various nerve-muscle preparations from male mice of the ddY strain. Newborn mice were subjected to continuous reciprocal shaking with an amplitude of 2.5 cm at a frequency of 2 cycles per second until they reached 13 weeks of age. Some of them were returned to conventional breeding conditions for 4 weeks at 13 weeks of age. Nerve-muscle preparations were made from the left phrenic nerve and the diaphragm muscle (DPH), the sciatic nerve and the soleus muscle (SOL), and the sciatic nerve and the extensor digitorum lungus muscle (EDL) of 13- or 17-week-old male mice. The results revealed that the shaking augmented the sensitivity of SOL and DPH to dTc, it reduced the sensitivity of all the preparations to NMC, it reduced the rate of spontaneous release of transmitter in SOL and it increased the rate of evoked release of transmitter in DPH. Furthermore, these alterations disappeared upon cessation of shaking. These results suggest diversity in the plasticity of neuromuscular transmission and, moreover, that some changes might be reversible.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide and polycationic neomycin on stimulation of purified plasma membrane Ca(2+)-pump by negatively charged phospholipids.

At least two reaction steps are involved in the activation of purified plasma membrane Ca(2+)-transport ATPase by negatively charged phospholipids depending on the type of phospholipids (Lehotský et al. 1992). The effect of negatively charged phospholipids on Ca(2+)-stimulated ATPase (cycling activity) was compared with that of p-nitrophenylphosphatase (E2-form activity) catalyzed by Ca(2+)-pump. PIP like PS, activated Ca(2+)-ATPase activity by modifying ATP activation curve with increasing Vmax of the high affinity site. Ca(2+)-ATPase activity reconstituted in PC was stimulated by DMSO(10%) by a factor of 1.36. The activity stimulation by DMSO was only weak in PS and activity was inhibited in PIP. Also, phosphatase activity catalyzed by Ca(2+)-pump was strongly stimulated by DMSO and was differentially affected by phospholipid head group. Positively charged neomycin (5 mmol/l) had no effect on Ca(2+)-ATPase activity reactivated in PC or PS, but the stimulatory action of PIP was suppressed. Relative stimulation of phosphatase activity by PS was not influenced. Both hydrolytic activities catalyzed by Ca(2+)-transport ATPase were differentially affected by organic solvents and polycations with respect to the kind of the phospholipid.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Complications using imidazolin derivates and neomycin containing substances in irrigation therapy of the maxillary sinus (author's transl)].

A 5-year-old boy, who suffered from a chronical maxillary sinusitis was treated by daily irrigations with an imidazolin derivate, followed by neomycin-containing solutions via drainage plastic tubes. 2 hours after the irrigation the boy showed signs of a generalized hyperergic reaction with unconciousness, bradycardy and hypertonus. After 18 hours the boy had recovered completely without incidents of nephrotoxic, ototoxic or neuronal damage. The toxic effects of Privin and Nebacetin are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2005

[Generation of transgenic mice for hygromycin and neomycin resistance genes and studies on transgene expression].

To generate transgenic mice in which both hygromycin (hyg) and neomycin (neo) resistance genes are expressed in murine fibroblast cells (MEFs), which are required for conditional gene knock-out and screening of drug resistant ES cell clones. To construct HygR-neoR expression vector, pTK-hygR-pA and PGK-neoR-pA were cloned into pBluescript vector. DNA fragments of tandem genes ( 4245bp ) were prepared by Kpn I and Xba I digestion and transgene was microinjected into pronucleus of zygotes to generate transgenic mice. Transgenic mice were identified by PCR and Southern blot; expression of hygR and neoR gene transcripts were detected by RT-PCR. 7 founder mice carrying hyg-neo resistant genes were obtained and 6 transgenic mouse lines were successfully established. The hygR and neoR gene transcripts were detected in the liver and/or ovary of transgenic mice from hn30, hn33, hn66 and hn67 mouse lines. In MEFs isolated from the mice of line hn66 and hn30, expression of hyg and neo resistant genes was also detectable. Transgenic mouse lines expressing two anti-drug genes have been established. The hyg and neo resistant gene transcripts were detected in the MEFs of two transgenic mouse lines.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Indirect determination of neomycin trisulphate as sulphate by column coupling capillary isotachophoresis.

Anionic capillary isotachophoresis (cITP) with conductometric detection was used for indirect determination of neomycin trisulphate (NMS) as sulphate anion. The following electroylets were tested: leading (LE)--8 mM HCl adjusted with beta-alanine to pH = 3.55, 3 mM bis-tris-propane and 0.2% hydroxyethylcellulose and terminating (TE): 5 mM citric acid; 5 mM formic acid and 5 mM caproic acid. The calibration graphs of sulphates concentration were linear in the range 3.55 to 25.90 mg/dm3 with recoveries between 94.50-99.70%. The method was tested on pharmaceutical preparation Enterogast.

Electrophoresis, Capillary↗
PubMed1991

Stable inhibition of adenylate cyclase by muscarinic agonist in rat parotid gland: effects of neomycin and pertussis toxin.

Treatment of rat parotid slices with carbachol (CCh) resulted in the stable inhibition of isoproterenol-induced activation of adenylate cyclase (AC); the inhibition of the enzyme was persistently observed in washed membrane prepared from parotid slices pretreated with CCh. Methoxamine, but not clonidine, also caused stable inhibition. Activation of AC by 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (GppNHp) and by NaF was also attenuated by treatment with either CCh or methoxamine, indicating reduction of the Gs protein function. Pertussis toxin treatment prevented CCh-induced inhibition of the enzyme. However, MnCl2-stimulated and forskolin-stimulated activity, and the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated activity by GppNHp were not altered by CCh treatment. It appears, therefore, that the stable muscarinic inhibition of AC involves the Gi protein, but it does not result from the inhibitory regulation of AC activity by the interaction between the Gi protein and the catalytic unit of AC. Furthermore, the inhibition of GppNHp-stimulated AC activity by CCh was effectively reversed by the pretreatment of slices with neomycin. This suggests that the stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis elicited by CCh possibly participates in stable muscarinic inhibition of AC presumably by reducing the function of the Gs protein. Thus, in the rat parotid gland, CCh appears to cause a stable inhibition of AC through two different mechanisms; one is associated with the Gi protein and the other is associated with the stimulation of phosphoinositide metabolism.

Adenylate Cyclase Toxin↗
PubMed1990

Acanthamoeba keratitis successfully treated with prolonged propamidine isethionate and neomycin-polymyxin-gramicidin.

We report a case of Acanthamoeba castellanii keratitis that was successfully treated with intense propamidine isethionate and neomycin-polymyxin-gramicidin over 11 and nine days, respectively. The frequency with which the medications were applied, once every 30 minutes with each medication, has been surpassed only once before in reported cases. Additional medical treatment included topical miconazole 1% drops for five days and clotrimazole 1% drops for one day; the latter was discontinued due to corneal epithelial toxicity. Intense treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis with these medications has not been reported before for as long as 11 days. Our aggressive approach was successful, and no clinically detectable significant side effects were observed. There has been no recurrence to date.

Acanthamoeba Keratitis↗
PubMed1990

Prophylactic single-dose fosfomycin and metronidazole compared with neomycin, bacitracin, metronidazole and ampicillin in elective colorectal operations.

Two antibiotic regimens for the prophylaxis of infection after colorectal operations were compared in a prospective, double blind, randomised controlled trial in 244 patients. Ninety-five patients (39%) were either excluded before randomisation or withdrawn, leaving 149 for analysis. Group 1 (n = 72) received a single infusion of 8 g fosfomycin and 1 g metronidazole at the induction of anaesthesia. Group 2 (n = 77) received bacitracin 250 mg plus neomycin 250 mg (as four tablets on three occasions over two days), metronidazole 500 mg tablets three times a day for one day, and ampicillin 1 g intravenously at induction of anaesthesia. Nine patients in group 1 (13%), 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.9 to 22.4, developed infective complications, compared with 8 in group 2 (10%), 95% CI 4.6 to 19.4. The overall infection rate was 17 of 149 evaluable patients (11%), 95% CI 6.8 to 17.7. Seven patients died (five in group 1 and 2 in group 2), two of whom (one in each group) died as a direct result of infective complications. Long operations and obesity were the most important risk factors, and may indicate a need for longer prophylaxis. Fosfomycin, which is mainly active against aerobic bacteria, was both safe and useful when combined with metronidazole.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microbiological determination of neomycin in feeds: collaborative study.

A modification of the AOAC microbiological determination of neomycin in feeds was collaboratively studied by 12 laboratories. The official method was modified by substituting a constant salt concentration diluent for the feed extract diluent, preparing the agar medium in tris buffer, and performing the test with a monolayer plating system. Each laboratory performed single assays on 8 samples in a randomized sequence. The samples included duplicates of a cattle and swine feed at 2 different marketed concentrations. The mean recovery across all laboratories was 110.7% of theory with a range of means of 69.4-128.6 across the 12 laboratories. The results of one laboratory and 2 additional values from different laboratories were deemed outliers and excluded from statistical analysis. The statistical analysis gave a confidence interval of +/- 26% for individual assays.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1988

Phorbol ester and neomycin dissociate bradykinin receptor-mediated arachidonic acid release and polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Evidence that bradykinin mediates noninterdependent activation of phospholipases A2 and C.

Many types of peptide hormone and neurotransmitter receptors mediate hydrolysis of phosphoinositides (PI) and arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid metabolite (AA) release, but the relation between these responses is not clearly defined. We have characterized bradykinin (BK)-mediated AA release and PI hydrolysis in clonal Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK-D1). Both responses occurred over a similar dose range in response to the B1 and B2 receptor agonist, BK, but not in response to the B1 receptor-selective agonist des-Arg-BK. To test whether AA release occurs via a mechanism which is sequential to and dependent upon PI hydrolysis, we used the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which activates protein kinase C. TPA treatment blocked BK-mediated PI hydrolysis in MDCK-D1 cells, while at the same time and at similar concentrations enhancing BK-mediated AA release. Thus, TPA treatment dissociated BK-mediated AA release from PI hydrolysis. In addition, treatment of MDCK-D1 cells with neomycin blocked BK-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate without reducing BK-mediated AA release. BK treatment increased formation of lysophospholipids with a time course in accord with BK-mediated AA release, indicating that at least part of the BK-mediated AA release was likely derived from activation of phospholipase A2. BK-mediated lysophospholipid production was enhanced by pretreatment with TPA, suggesting that the mechanism of AA release before and after treatment with TPA was the same. BK-mediated AA release and lysophospholipid production was dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium, while the enhanced responses to BK in the presence of TPA were not dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. TPA treatment also enhanced AA release and lysophospholipid production in response to the calcium ionophore A23187. From these data we propose that BK, acting at B2 receptors, promotes AA release in MDCK cells via a mechanism which is 1) independent of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis by phospholipase C, 2) dependent upon influx of extracellular calcium and activation of phospholipase A2, and 3) enhanced by activation of protein kinase C.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Comparative studies of nicotinohydroxamic acid and neomycin on ammonia and urea metabolism in rats.

The effect of oral administrations of nicotinohydroxamic acid (NHA) and neomycin (NM) in ammonia and urea metabolism were investigated in the rat. NHA and NM lowered the blood ammonia level, and NHA increased urinary excretion of urea and depressed urease activity in the stomach and the colon, while NM had a smaller effect on urinary excretion of urea but depressed urease activity in the colon.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1985

[Aminoglycoside acetyltransferase from Streptomyces fradiae--a producer of neomycin].

An enzyme inactivating aminoglycosides by acetylation was isolated from S. fradiae 918 producing neomycin. By the data on the substrate specificity the enzyme was identified as aminoglycoside-3-acetyltransferase. Localization of aminoglycoside-3-acetyltransferase in the cells of the culture was determined. The enzyme could be detected in the spores and mycelium of S. fradiae already at the early hours of the fermentation process. The enzyme was not detected in the fermentation broth filtrate. The activity of aminoglycoside-acetyltransferase did not depend on the cultivation conditions providing different antibiotic production levels.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1979

Effect of preoperative oral administration of oxytetracycline and neomycin on postoperative infectious complications in cases of cancer coli-recti.

A prospective randomized study on the effects of Enterobiotic (oxytetracycline + neomycin) given per os to patients operated upon electively and curatively for carcinoma coli and recti is presented. 75 patients were treated and 66 were controls. A highly significant reduction of peroperative total and Gram-negative bacterial growth from the bowel was registered and a probably significant reduction of anaerobic bacterial growth. In the whole material a highly significant lower incidence of wound sepsis and intra-abdominal infectious complications occurred in the treated group, compared with the control group. This applies also to the resection material, while the difference is of probable significance in the excision group. 13 of 66 patients died, 8 of septic complications, all in the non-treated group. There was no mortality in the pretreated group. The difference between the noninfected and the infected patient groups was significant as regards the preoperative intraluminal total growth of bacteria and the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. The subsequent non-infected patients show a significantly increased number of cultures not showing any growth of bacteria. No negative side effects of Enterobiotic therapy were noted.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

[Prevention and treatment of urinary infection in patients with an indwelling catheter: continuous vesical irrigation with a mixed antibiotic solution of neomycin and polymyxin B].

A method of continuous lavage of the bladder using a solution containing a mixture of Neomycine and Polymyxine-B was tried out in 32 patients with indwelling urinary catheters. To do this, a three-channel catheter was used, lubricated with an antibacterial cream and connected to a plastic container which could be emptied without removing the catheter. This method of treatment, which was effective, well tolerated and simple to use, would appear to be a useful addition to the prevention and treatment of urinary infections in patients with in-dwelling catheters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1971

Fluctuations in antibiotic resistances of gram-negative rods in one hospital, 1961-70, with comment on kanamycin-neomycin relationships.

Records of the percentages of various types of gram-negative rods resistant to six antibiotics are presented for the years 1961 to 1969 with additional notes on 1970. Gross amounts of each antibiotic used in each of the years are also depicted. Resistance-factor transference does not seem to be an important factor but levels of antibiotic usage do seem to affect the percentages of resistant strains found. In the case of kanamycin, extensive use of neomycin appears to have produced much cross-resistance. Free use of polymyxins does not seem to increase resistant percentages.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

[Hematogenous contact eczema following oral administration of neomycin].

Systemic contact dermatitis may occur when a previously cutaneously sensitised patient is given the hapten orally or by inhalation or injection. Some patients will develop a distinctive clinical picture with eczematous lesions on the neck, in the axillae and in the genital area. Further, a pompholyx on hands and feet might appear. The disease entity is illustrated in a neomycin-sensitive patient who was accidentally given an overdose of the hapten.

Administration, Oral↗