Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “NEOPLASMS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Secondary haematological neoplasm after treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: analysis of 1170 adult ALL patients enrolled in the GIMEMA trials. Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto.

Between 1983 and 1994 the incidence of secondary haematological neoplasms (SHM) was evaluated in 1170 new cases of ALL enrolled in the GIMEMA trials. Of the 942 patients who achieved complete remission (CR); seven developed a SHM: four AMLs and three NHLs. The median latency from onset of ALL and of secondary haematological neoplasm was 69 months for AML and 61 months for NHL. Three out of four patients with secondary AML were unresponsive to the new chemotherapy and died, whereas the fourth patient achieved a new CR. Among the three NHL cases, two patients are presently alive in CR, whereas the third patient was refractory to chemotherapy and died. The relative risk of haematological malignancy among the GIMEMA trials population, as compared to that of the Italian Cancer Registries, was 15.25-fold higher, and the actuarial estimated cumulative proportion of ALL patients with a secondary haematological neoplasm at 5 and 10 years were 0.59% and 3.63% respectively. The incidence of adult ALL who developed a SHM, although apparently lower than in the paediatric ALL series, was higher when compared to the normal population. The difference between paediatric and adult ALL is probably due to the lack of craniospinal radiotherapy and to the lower doses of epipodoxiphyllotoxins used in adult trials. The higher percentage of childhood ALL with a prolonged event-free survival could result in an increase of secondary neoplasms in these cases, which suggests that secondary haematological neoplasms in adult ALL patients are real, although rare, events.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Primary epithelial neoplasms and other epithelial lesions of the appendix (excluding carcinoid tumors).

Epithelial tumors of the appendix range from low-grade mucosal-based tumors which, when confined to the appendix, have an excellent prognosis but, once outside the appendix, have a fair prognosis and often a prolonged disease course, to high grade invasive carcinomas that are rapidly fatal. Low grade mucinous neoplasms may rupture and spread to the peritoneum as pseudomyxoma peritonei, and the nomenclature of these tumors has been the subject of considerable disagreement among pathologists; the designation "low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm" has recently been proposed for reasons discussed herein. Demonstrating rupture of these neoplasms may require particularly diligent gross and microscopic evaluation as the rupture site often heals over leaving only subtle evidence of its presence. Invasive adenocarcinomas are often mucinous and may also spread to the peritoneum. Against this backdrop, the clinical and pathologic features of low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and mucinous adenocarcinomas, as well as other types such as typical colorectal type and signet-ring cell type, are reviewed. In addition, emerging entities, serrated polyps and serrated adenomas, whose significance is only beginning to be understood, are considered. Retention cysts, hyperplastic polyps, and diffuse mucosal hyperplasia, although not necessarily neoplastic, are reviewed here as they may enter into the differential diagnosis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms.

Appendiceal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Overview of the molecular biology of hepatocellular neoplasms and hepatoblastomas of the mouse liver.

The molecular pathogenesis of chemically induced hepatocellular neoplasms and hepatoblastomas in the B6C3FI mouse is unclear but may involve alterations in the fi-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway as was recently described for human liver neoplasms. The objectives of this research were to characterize the mutation frequency and spectrum of P-catenin mutations and the intracellular localization of I-catenin protein accumulation in chemically induced hepatoblastomas and hepatocellular neoplasms. In the majority of the hepatoblastomas examined by immunohistochemical methods, both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of P-catenin protein were detected, whereas in hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas and normal liver only membrane staining was observed. Genomic DNA was isolated from paraffin sections of each liver tumor. P-catenin exon 2 (corresponds to exon 3 in humans) genetic alterations were identified in the majority of hepatoblastomas from exposed mice. Deletion mutations were identified more frequently than point mutations in hepatoblastomas. Hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas from treated mice had mutations in exon 2 of the B-catenin gene which ranged from 32-43%, while 10% P-catenin mutations were detected in spontaneous neoplasms. By immunohistochemical methods cyclin Dl was observed in most nuclei of hepatoblastomas and strong expression of cyclin Dl was confirmed by Western analysis regardless of treatment. The cumulative data suggests that P-catenin mutations with upregulation of the B-catenin protein and Wnt signaling most likely increased cyclin Dl expression. Cyclin D1 may provide an advantage during tumor progression of hepatocellular neoplasms and hepatoblastomas. The review will also focus on other genes which are important in mouse and human liver tumors.

Adenoma, Liver Cell↗
PubMed2004

Multiphasic helical CT criteria for differentiation of recurrent neoplasm and desmoplastic reaction after laparoscopic resection of renal mass lesions.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Differentiation of recurrent neoplasm and desmoplastic reaction following laparoscopic resection of renal mass lesions poses a problem. The usefulness of multiphasic helical CT-generated criteria based on enhancement and morphologic characteristics was investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The findings in 5 female and 12 male patients aged 29 to 68 years having renal-cell carcinoma (11-38 mm; N = 15) or solitary angiomyolipomas (N = 2) treated by laparoscopic resection (N = 15) or open segmental surgery (N = 2) were analyzed. Multiphasic helical CT was performed in the preenhancement, arterial corticomedullary, parenchymal, and excretory phases generating 2.5- to 7-mm slices. RESULTS: Both recurrent neoplasms showed median postcontrast enhancement of 119 HU in the arterial corticomedullary phase; the median enhancement of desmoplastic masses was 48 HU. In the parenchymal and excretory phase, recurrent neoplasms showed progressive loss of enhancement, whereas desmoplastic lesions sustained enhancement at about the same level. Recurrent neoplasms presented a defined mass with characteristic spiculation, whereas desmoplastic reaction was characterized by an ill-defined mass with spidery projections extending to abutting fat and residual fascial planes. On 2- to 3-month follow-up scans, recurrent neoplasms showed progressive increases in size and desmoplastic reaction a sharp decrease. CONCLUSION: Enhancement of the mass at the operative site on arterial corticomedullary-phase CT to >90 HU strongly suggests recurrent renal-cell carcinoma, while progressive decrease in size on 1- to 3-month follow-up CT suggests a desmoplastic reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Diagnostic value of brush cytology in the diagnosis of duodenal, biliary, and ampullary neoplasms.

Endoscopy is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of duodenal lesions and biliary strictures. We assessed the value of cytology in the evaluation of these lesions and analyzed the causes of discrepancy among clinical, histologic, and cytologic parameters. The study included 118 patients with duodenal ulcers, ampullary neoplasms, or biliary strictures who were examined between 1975 and 1995; 120 cytologic examinations were performed. The specimens included brushings of the duodenum (DB, n = 50), ampulla (AB, n = 32), and biliary ducts (BB, n = 38). Endoscopic biopsies performed concurrently included the duodenum (n = 37), the ampulla (n = 22), and the biliary ducts (n = 23). Comparison of cytologic and histologic results showed the following sensitivity and specificity: DB, 40% and 97%, respectively; AB, 100% each; BB, 75% and 93%, respectively. The DB, AB, and BB revealed malignant neoplasms in 2 of 5, 7 of 7, and 6 of 8 cases, respectively. Twenty-three duodenal neoplasms were diagnosed by either modality and included 11 adenocarcinomas, 9 villous tumors, 2 metastatic renal cell carcinomas, and 1 large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Endoscopic brush cytology is an effective means of diagnosing ampullary neoplasms, and it complements tissue biopsy in cases of bile duct stricture. Location, predominance of tumor-induced stroma, an extramucosal growth pattern, sampling error, and interpretative experience influence the diagnostic evaluation. Cytologic diagnosis of an adenoma does not exclude an underlying malignant neoplasm in ampullary tumors. In some instances, it may be difficult to distinguish between villous tumors with severe dysplasia and adenocarcinomas by cytology alone.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Induction of nm23 gene expression in human colonic neoplasms and equal expression in colon tumors of high and low metastatic potential.

Levels of expression of the murine nm23 gene inversely correlate with metastatic potential in several rodent tumor model systems. Expression of the human nm23 homologue also is lower in human breast cancers of high metastatic potential than in breast cancers of low metastatic potential. In the present study, we examined changes in nm23 expression during colon carcinogenesis as found in 18 matched pairs of normal and neoplastic human colon tissues. We found that a 0.8-kilo-base nm23 transcript was expressed in all samples of morphologically normal colon mucosa. In 16 of 18 colon neoplasms, nm23 expression was further increased in the neoplastic, compared with the morphologically normal, colon mucosa from the same individual. Expression of nm23 was elevated over normal mucosa in 3 of 3 polyps, in 2 of 3 nonmetastatic cancers, and in 11 of the 12 cancers that were metastatic at the initial presentation. The levels of nm23 expressed were similar in the 12 metastatic colon neoplasms and in the 6 colon neoplasms of lower clinical stage. In addition, nm23 expression was maintained in culture in each of 12 cell lines initiated from human colon neoplasms and did not differ between lines established from neoplasms of high or low metastatic capability. We concluded that nm23 was expressed in normal colon mucosa. Expression of nm23 increased during early stages of colon carcinogenesis and remained increased in metastatic colon cancer. Therefore, in the colon, tissue-specific events dissociate nm23 expression from loss of tumor metastatic competence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Genetic analysis of invasive carcinoma arising in intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm of the pancreas.

A case of intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm of the pancreas, with the rare progression to invasive carcinoma, is described. The intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm component had the features typical of this entity, with stratified layers of oncocytic cuboidal tumor cells growing in papillary and pseudopapillary arrangements within dilated pancreatic ducts. The invasive carcinoma formed a discrete fleshy tumor with well-circumscribed borders. The invasive carcinoma grew in solid lobules, subdivided by fine fibrovascular septae into predominantly organoid and trabecular growth patterns. Molecular analysis showed no loss of heterozygosity for microsatellite markers at the tumor suppressor loci of TP53, CDKN2A (p16/INK4A), and MADH4 (Smad4/DPC4) in the invasive carcinoma, although loss of heterozygosity was detected at one CDKN2A marker in the intraductal component. DNA sequencing of polymerase chain reaction amplification products of exons 1 and 2 of the CDKN2A gene showed no mutation in either tumor component. TP53 immunohistochemistry showed no increased levels of staining, consistent with the presence of wild-type gene product. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing showed no mutation of codons 12 and 13 of the KRAS proto-oncogene. These results suggest that intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm is a neoplasm with genetic changes that are distinct from typical pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The lack of mutation in these genes may be an explanation for the typically indolent clinical behavior of intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Incidence of neoplasms in ages 0-19 y in parts of Sweden with high 137Cs fallout after the Chernobyl accident.

The incidence of neoplasms in childhood and adolescence in northern and central Sweden before and after the radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident was investigated in an ecologic study, 1978 to 1992. The study included all parishes in the six most contaminated counties classified after aerial mapping of ground radiation from 137Cs and investigated 746 cases of neoplasms in ages 0-19 y, diagnosed in the six counties. Incidence and relative risks of neoplasms were compared in areas with high, intermediate, and low contamination after versus before the Chernobyl accident in 1986. A continuous increase of brain tumor incidence in the ages 0-19 y during the period 1978-92 without clear relationship to the Chernobyl fallout was discovered. No clear relationship between the incidence of brain tumor and the exposure to varying levels of radiation from 137Cs was apparent. A somewhat decreased relative risk of acute lymphatic leukemia appeared in areas with increased exposure. Other neoplasms showed no changes in incidence over time or with regard to exposure. Until now, there is no indication that the Chernobyl accident has affected the incidence of childhood and adolescence neoplasms in Sweden, but it is still too early for any final conclusion about the effect of this event.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Lectin histochemistry in mucinous and serous ovarian neoplasms.

The lectin-binding properties of 44 cases of serous and mucinous ovarian cystadenoma, tumor of low malignant potential (LMP), and invasive carcinoma were examined histochemically. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A (con A), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and Robina pseudoaccacia (RPA) were employed. All the lectins examined were bound to neoplastic epithelial cells of benign and malignant tumors, but none bound exclusively to ovarian tumor cells. Different lectin-binding patterns between serous and mucinous neoplasms were observed, with the exception of RPA. UEA-I, con A, RPA, and PNA in serous neoplasms and UEA-I, RPA, and WGA in mucinous neoplasms demonstrated lectin-binding properties of LMP tumors intermediate between those of cystadenoma and invasive carcinoma. These findings indicate that serous and mucinous ovarian neoplasms contain different glycoconjugates, that malignant transformation of the neoplasms is associated with alteration of these glycoconjugates, and especially that LMP tumors have a different composition of cellular glycoconjugates from that of invasive ovarian carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1996

Clinical significance of K-ras oncogene activation in ampullary neoplasms.

AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of K-ras codon 12 point mutations in ampullary neoplasms, to explore their clinical usefulness, and to test whether the detection of these mutations could be used to identify ampullary malignancies at an early stage. METHODS: Forty one tumour specimens from 28 patients with ampullary neoplasms were analysed for activating point mutations in K-ras codon 12 using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay. RESULTS: Eleven (39%) of the 28 primary tumours harboured point mutations in K-ras. Mutations were identified in seven (41%) of the 17 carcinomas and four (36%) of the 11 adenomas. Four of the possible six permutations in codon 12 were found in these 11 samples. This spectrum of mutations is different from pancreatic carcinoma but resembles that of colorectal neoplasms. Cytological brush specimens were available in 11 cases, and in all of these specimens, the K-ras status in the primary tumour and brush specimens was identical. CONCLUSIONS: K-ras codon 12 point mutations occur in about 40% of ampullary neoplasms at a relatively early stage in tumorigenesis. The pattern of mutations in these tumours resembles that of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the colorectum. These results indicate that ampullary neoplasms can be detected at an early stage by searching for genetic alterations in the K-ras oncogene in cytological brush specimens.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Small renal parenchymal neoplasms: further observations on growth.

PURPOSE: To determine the growTH rate and behavior of small (< or = 3.5-cm diameter) incidentally detected renal parenchymal neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty renal parenchymal tumors in 37 adult patients (mean age, 65.5 years) were observed with computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound for 1.75-8.5 years (mean, 3.25 years). Surgical removal was performed of 26 tumors proved and graded at pathologic examination. Fourteen tumors with CT criteria of neoplasm are being followed up. RESULTS: The overall growth rate of neoplasms was 0-1.1 cm/y (mean, 0.36 cm/y). Thirty tumors grew 0.5 cm/y or less and 19 grew very slowly (< or = 0.35 cm/y). No patient developed metastatic disease. Nine (24%) had multiple neoplasms. CONCLUSION: Most small, incidentally discovered, well-marginated renal parenchymal neoplasms grow slowly and are not an immediate threat to a patient's life. Watchful waiting might be appropriate instead of surgical removal, especially in patients who are elderly or may not survive surgery.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Multiple malignant neoplasms in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The records of 759 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were reviewed. Fifteen of them also suffered from another malignant neoplasm. All patients had histological confirmation of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the other malignant neoplasm. There was no predilection for the second malignant neoplasms to arise from the bronchus. Although the observed number of second malignant neoplasms was not significantly different from the expected number (p greater than 0.05) computed by the patient-month approach, in 1 patient the second malignant neoplasm may be causally related to the previous treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Second malignant neoplasms following the treatment of brain tumors in children.

We investigated retrospectively 992 children with central nervous system tumors who were treated at our center between 1970 and 2004. All of the patients were treated by surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy. Six patients developed second malignant neoplasms, and their clinical and histopathologic characteristics are reviewed in this article. The second malignant neoplasms were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and high-grade neuroectodermal tumor. The initial diagnoses were ependymoblastoma in one, medulloblastoma in three, and low-grade astrocytoma in two patients. The median latency time was 3.03 years (range 0.39-22.93 years). The outcome varied according to the histopathologic type of the second tumor. The patients who developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndrome died of progressive disease. The patients with second skin neoplasms are alive as of the time of this writing. The patient with Kaposi sarcoma developed one of the rare reported second malignant neoplasms following a primary brain tumor in childhood. A wide spectrum of second malignant neoplasms was detected after treatment of primary brain tumors with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Long-term follow-up is therefore necessary for the child who has survived a primary central nervous system tumor.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Small renal neoplasms: clinical, pathologic, and imaging features.

Small renal neoplasms are being found more often because of the widespread use of abdominal CT and sonography. Little is known about their natural history. We therefore retrospectively reviewed clinical, pathologic, and imaging findings in 22 patients with surgically confirmed solitary renal neoplasms that were 3 cm or less in diameter. Eighteen lesions were first found by CT, three by sonography, and one by IV urography. Three lesions were discovered because the patients had hematuria. Nineteen were incidental radiologic diagnoses in patients without renal symptoms. Of 22 neoplasms, 15 (68%) were renal cell carcinomas, six (27%) were oncocytomas, and one (5%) was a lymphoma. Fourteen (93%) of the 15 carcinomas were confined to the kidney, and one showed microscopic capsular invasion. Metastases did not develop in any patient with carcinoma, indicating that small carcinomas usually have good prognoses. Patients with carcinomas had a mean follow-up of 42 months. All neoplasms were visible on CT. However, characterization of these lesions sometimes required a combination of CT and sonography and occasionally angiography. The carcinomas, oncocytomas, and solitary renal lymphoma could not be distinguished radiologically. Small renal neoplasms are most often found incidentally by CT performed in patients without renal complaints. Most are low-stage carcinomas, and some are oncocytomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The many faces of smooth muscle neoplasms in a gynecological sampling: an ultrastructural study.

Smooth muscle neoplasms may have a variety of light microscopic and ultrastructural appearances. On one extreme, a spindle cell mass with a fascicular pattern, located in the myometrium, usually does not need electron microscopy or immunohistochemistry to confirm its smooth muscle nature. However, at the other end of a spectrum is an epithelioid neoplasm of the extrauterine pelvic tissues that could be composed of any of several cell types if routine light microscopy, alone, were used in studying it. In this report, some of these variants of smooth muscle neoplasms are exemplified, including myxomatous, fibroblast-like, nondescript, epithelioid, granular cell, and clear cell types. The main purpose has been to address, in particular, the ultrastructure of these unusual neoplasms, but, at the same time, not to ignore or downplay the contributory role of immunohistochemistry in making a final diagnosis, in some cases. Especially intriguing were the ultrastructural characteristics of leiomyomatous granular cell and clear cell neoplasms. A paucity or absence of filaments and dense bodies in samplings of these lesions makes the reliance on other ultrastructural features extremely useful.

Actins↗
PubMed1985

Primitive cystic hepatic neoplasm of infancy with mesothelial differentiation: report of a case.

A malignant cystic neoplasm in the liver of a 6-month-old girl is reported. The neoplasm has unique clinical and morphological features, and despite ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies, the tumor could not be clearly classified as any known primary hepatic neoplasm of infancy. A differentiated cystic component of the neoplasm had features of cystic peritoneal mesothelioma. Alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-fetoprotein were demonstrated in solid, anaplastic portions of the recurrent tumor by immunohistochemistry. The neoplasm recurred after surgical resection and proved fatal 11 months following diagnosis, despite multiple courses of chemotherapy.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal ultrasound findings of fetal neoplasms.

A variety of neoplasms can develop in each fetal organ. Most fetal neoplasms can be detected by careful prenatal ultrasonographic examination. Some neoplasms show specific ultrasonographic findings suggesting the differential diagnosis, but others do not. Knowledge of the presence of a neoplasm in the fetus may alter the prenatal management of a pregnancy and the mode of delivery, and facilitates immediate postnatal treatment. During the last five years, we experienced 32 cases of fetal neoplasms in a variety of organs. We describe their typical ultrasonographic findings with correlating postnatal CT, MRI, and pathologic findings.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Depressed-type (0-IIc) colorectal neoplasm in patients with family history of first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To investigate the correlation of depressed-type (0-IIc) colorectal neoplasm and family history of first-degree relatives (FDR) with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2000 to October 2002 at National Cancer Center Hospital East. Eligible patients undergoing initial total colonoscopy were surveyed regarding family history of CRC among FDR by a questionnaire prior to colonoscopic examinations. All endoscopic findings during colonoscopy were recorded and the macroscopic classification of the early stage neoplasm/cancer was classified into two types (0-IIc vs non 0-IIc). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression to estimate the association between macroscopic features and clinicopathological data including gender, age, and family history of FDR with CRC. RESULTS: The OR of an association between family history of FDR with CRC and overall early stage neoplasm adjusted by gender and age was 1.85 (95% CI: 1.31-2.61, P = 0.0004), that for non 0-IIc neoplasm was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.22-2.41, P = 0.0017) and for 0-IIc colorectal neoplasm was 2.78 (95% CI: 1.49-5.16, P = 0.0031). CONCLUSION: Our study shows a significant association between a family history of FDR with CRC and 0-IIc colorectal neoplasm. When patients with a family history of FDR with CRC undergo colonoscopy, colonoscopists should check carefully for not only polypoid, but also depressed-type (0-IIc) lesions.

Aged↗