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PubMed1987

Crohn's disease in a married couple.

The aetiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease is still unknown. Multiple occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease among blood relatives of patients with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis is seen much more frequently than would be expected by chance alone, whereas reports on the development of these diseases in spouses are very rare. We describe such a case here, and suggest that chance, rather than an infectious agent, is behind such occurrences.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Sexual relations and condom use among young male factory workers in northern Thailand].

PURPOSE: This article analyzes sexual relations and condom use among young male factory workers at an industrial estate in Northern Thailand, so as to clarify their HIV risk situation. METHODS: The analysis is based on data obtained from a total of 13 months of ethnographic field research at an industrial estate between June 1997 and March 2000. During this period, I interviewed 27 male factory workers, gathering information on their knowledge and awareness of AIDS, HIV preventive behavior, lifestyles, relations with friends, sexual relations, health, and contraception. RESULTS: This study identified the emergence of positive self-images among participants as diligent and respectable factory workers, as a result of life changes, such as having a stable job at the estate and improvement of their social status. Having a wife/lover also stabilized the sexual life, as they tried to avoid sexual relationships with commercial sex workers. All participants had accurate knowledge about HIV/AIDS. They had negative images of HIV risk groups such as "poor," "uneductated," and "sexually promiscuous," which stood in opposition to their positive self-images such as "financially stable," "educated," and "self-controlled," Such formation of self-images resulted in the denial of their risk potential. Believing that their sexual partners posed no risk of infection, they hardly ever took HIV preventive measures. In marriage and loving relationships, oral pills were mostly used for contraception, and condom use was seen as unnatural and unnecessary. CONCLUSIONS: It was inferred from the present study that formation of new sexual norms in opposition to traditional sexual norms of Thai men that value sexual philandering would possibly control their risk-taking behavior. New sexual norms emerged as a result of their life and status change from sons of peasants' families to factory workers, and also their conscious effort to differentiate themselves from HIV risk groups. Insofar as their life remains stable and their mutually exclusive relations with their wife/lover are maintained, they should have no risk of infection. However, some of the participants in this study were in multiple sexual relationships and almost all of the participants did not take any preventive measures, suggesting a potential hazard. Effective HIV prevention campaigns for factory workers that clearly state that every sexual activity involves a potential risk of infection are required.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Marital relationships and somatic and psychological symptoms in pregnancy.

The relevance of marital relationships to somatic and psychological symptoms in late pregnancy was examined. Fifty-four primiparae at the 7th month of pregnancy completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the Ryle Marital Patterns Test (RMPT), which was also completed by their husbands. Multiple regression analyses identified the husbands' ratings of nurturance behaviour as the best predictors of somatic and social dysfunction symptoms in late pregnancy. Higher perception of care by the husband was associated with a higher number of symptoms in wives. A high level of exchanged affection reported by wives is associated with lower levels of symptoms of anxiety and insomnia. The implication of these findings is discussed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical-genealogic analysis of diaphragmatic hernias].

The results of clinical-genetic examination of 174 probands with congenital diaphragmatic hernias and their families are presented. Genetic heterogeneity of diaphragmatic hernias, the spectrum of inherited syndromes obtained in the present study and shown in literature the spectrum and frequency of congenital malformations accompanying diaphragmatic hernias were shown. No increase in the average age of the probands' parents and in the marriage distances changes was observed both for isolated diaphragmatic hernias and those accompanied by other malformations was observed. Because of the high risk of neural tube defects occurrence in the sibs of children with diaphragmatic hernias, the probands' mothers should be recommended to undergo prenatal diagnosis of their further pregnancies for this character. The evidence of multifactorial inheritance for the most of diaphragmatic hernia cases was obtained. Empirical recurrent risk for probands' sibs was 1.54 + 1.5%.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Marital intimacy and self-disclosure.

Examined the relationship between the qualitative aspects of marital intimacy among 20 couples and a quantitative, microanalysis of their self-disclosing behavior. Two interview segments and their combination were scored for the basic parameters of self-disclosure using the Self-Disclosure Coding System (SDCS). These scores served as predictor variables for each of 12 intimacy dimensions derived from the standardized, structured Victoria Hospital Intimacy Interview in stepwise multiple regression analyses. The resulting multiple Rs ranged from .357 for Sexuality in segment I to .853 for Identity in segment II. Analysis of the couples' self-disclosures across segments I and II yielded multiple Rs from .446 to .850, with the intimacy dimensions of Expressiveness, Compatibility, Behavior, and Identity the highest correlates. These results suggest that although self-disclosure and intimacy are not synonymous, self-disclosing behavior is a major determinant of various aspects of marital intimacy and accounts for more than 50% of the variance in at least four dimensions. Explanations for these findings and their clinical relevance are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Risk factors for cervical cancer in Greenland and Denmark: a population-based cross-sectional study.

The incidence of cervical cancer in Greenlandic women aged 20-39 years is nearly 6 times higher than in Danish women of the same age. Possible determinants of cervical cancer incidence were investigated in a population-based cross-sectional study. From Nuuk (Greenland) and Nykøbing Falster (Denmark) a sample of 800 women aged 20-39 years was drawn at random. A total of 586 and 661 women were studied in Greenland and Denmark, respectively. All underwent a personal interview. In Greenland, 13% of the women reported first intercourse before the age of 14 in contrast to 3.5% in Denmark, and nearly 85% of the Greenlanders had their sexual debut before the end of the 16th year of age whereas this applied to only 45% of the Danish women. The prevalence of women with 0-1 lifetime sexual partner was 20.4% in Denmark, and only 1.7% in Greenland. In contrast, 53.2% of the Greenlandic women reported more than 20 partners and 22.4% more than 40 partners. The corresponding figures for Denmark were 3.6% and 0.3%, respectively. In Greenland the most common contraceptive method was the use of intra-uterine devices (73.6%), whereas, in Denmark, oral contraceptive use was most frequent (87.9%). Few Greenlanders had ever used "barrier" contraceptives (diaphragm: 1.4%; condom: 18.1%) compared to Denmark (diaphragm: 10.1%; condom: 53.9%). As many as 87.4% were current smokers in Greenland (Denmark: 53.6%) and 5.6% claimed to have never smoked, whereas this applied to 35.3% in Denmark. The indications of a higher sexual activity (multiple partners, early age at first intercourse) in Greenland compared to Denmark are in line with the observed higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases and with the hypothesis that differences in cervical cancer incidence between Greenland and Denmark are determined by aspects of sexual background.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of daily stress on negative mood.

This article examines the influence of daily stressors on mental health in a community sample. Ss were 166 married couples who completed diaries each day for 6 weeks. In pooled within-person analyses, daily stressors explained up to 20% of the variance in mood. Interpersonal conflicts were by far the most distressing events. Furthermore, when stressors occurred on a series of days, emotional habituation occurred by the second day for almost all events except interpersonal conflicts. Contrary to certain theoretical accounts, multiple stressors on the same day did not exacerbate one another's effects: rather an emotional plateau occurred. Finally on days following a stressful event, mood was better than it would have been if the stressor had not happened. These results reveal the complex emotional effects of daily stressors, and in particular they suggest that future investigations should focus primarily on interpersonal conflicts.

Emotions↗
PubMed1979

Aggregation of blood pressure in the families of identical twins.

The multiple relationships which exist within families of adult monozygotic (MZ) twins permit evaluation of genetic and environmental variance and provide a direct test of maternal effects. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured in 610 members of the families of 76 MZ twin pairs. Age and sex effects on BP were removed via a Z-transformation. Correlations for SBP were .72 for MZ twins and .23 for full siblings. Regression of offspring on single parent was .26. The husband-wife correlation was significant, but it was no higher than the resemblance of a twin to the spouse of his co-twin. Comparisons of maternal and paternal half-siblings provide no evidence of maternal influences on SBP. To evaluate whether familial resemblance of BP is mediated by body size, the original systolic pressures were adjusted by stepwise multiple regression of age, sex, height, weight and skinfold thickness. Adjusting BP for effects of body size reduced regression of offspring on mid-parent from .40 to .23. The authors conclude that familial aggregation of systolic pressure reflects additive genetic variance mediated, in part, by body size and augmented by social homogamy arising from non-random mating.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1982

Socioeconomic status and risk of cancer, cerebral stroke, and death due to coronary heart disease and any disease: a longitudinal study in eastern Finland.

The association of socioeconomic status with the risk of death from ischaemic heart disease and any disease as well as the risk of cerebral stroke and any cancer was studied in 3644 men aged 30-59, based on a random sample from the population of eastern Finland. Age, smoking, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol concentration were allowed for in multiple logistic models. On the basis of these data, not being married, short education, and low income are associated with an excessive risk of death from ischaemic heart disease and any disease. The data also indicated that men who were not married and who lived in urban areas might have an increased risk of cerebral stroke and those with a short education an increased risk of cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Conjugal psychiatric hospitalization.

A heterosexual couple, both with multiple prior hospitalizations, was hospitalized in the same room at the Douglas Hospital, Montreal. Both patients had previously been extremely difficult to treat. While this approach was instituted with wariness by the ward's staff, the hospitalization proved to be highly beneficial for the couple as well as having certain positive effects on the ward in general. It is suggested that this therapeutic approach be considered in certain specialized cases.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1986

The effects of Quebec home aid services on the utilization profile of sociosanitory resources: a substitution study.

The development of home aid services in Quebec is based on the hypothesis that this new program will help to maintain at home people who would otherwise be institutionalized and also contribute to reducing costs in the health care sector. Accordingly, home aid services can be viewed as a substitute for conventional health care services. This study evaluates utilization modifications of health care services subsequent to the introduction of a home-aid program in October 1977. A modified, non-equivalent, control group design was used on a target population including all residents aged 65 or more in one region of Quebec. Multiple regression was used to explain variations in resources utilization in relation to population characteristics and different health care settings. Results for the utilization of hospitals are discussed. We discovered that the anticipated substitutive effects of a home-aid program on the use of health care services cannot be ascertained.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

The use of female spouse proxies in common symptom reporting.

To determine the quality of proxy health reports by telephone the 1984 Wisconsin Health Status Survey employed a repeated-measure design in an interview covering 22 recently occurring health and psychologic complaints. Comparisons on individuals in households containing two or more adults revealed a relatively weak correspondence between the respondent and proxy reports. While a previous analysis of these data found that certain characteristics thought to underlie reporting differences are not useful in explaining proxy underreporting, the current analysis focuses on spousal pairs and achieves greater success by applying somewhat more sophisticated methods. The authors examined the nature, persistence, and number of health complaints as factors in reporting bias. They find evidence that female proxies vary by symptom in their ability to report common complaints and also observed that proxy underreporting diminishes somewhat as the persistence of symptoms increases. Using multiplicative models, the authors show that the gross misclassification of complaints is concentrated in the respondent-proxy pairs with the shortest exposure to the symptom. Finally, an examination of the disagreements on all 22 health complaints simultaneously revealed that neither mutual misallocation by respondents and proxies nor a diminished health status of the individual reported on are important influences on reporting behavior.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Management dilemmas in patients with hereditary renal adysplasia.

We report a neonatal case of right renal aplasia with left dysplastic kidney and mild pulmonary hypoplasia. The respiratory insufficiency gradually improved on high frequency oscillation and conventional ventilation. Severe hypotension necessitated the use of inotrops. Anuria and electrolyte imbalances were managed by peritoneal dialysis. At age 13 days the baby had a small bowel perforation, developed septic shock and, after discussion with the multi-disciplinary team and the family, inotropic support was withdrawn and the baby died. The family history revealed the father had a newborn from a previous marriage who died secondary to bilateral renal agenesis. Renal studies in the father showed agenesis of the kidney with normal renal functions suggesting the diagnosis of hereditary renal adysplasia, an autosomal dominant condition with variable expression. This case illustrates the importance of renal ultrasound of the parents and siblings of affected newborns with structural kidney anomalies. A general consensus is lacking as to which infants with bilateral renal adysplasia should be aggressively treated.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ease of remarriage for females: a cross-cultural test of competing explanations.

Using data on the relative status of women in 93 societies, the authors attempt "to identify and test two explanations for the existence of sex biases in norms governing remarriage. These explanations focus on the benefits derived from imposing restrictions on women's opportunities in the remarriage process and the countervailing power women command to resist subordination and the limitation of their freedom." Results of a multiple classification analysis indicate that "both theories taken together do predict cross-cultural variation in sex biases in remarriage norms. In general, women experience more difficulty than men in remarriage in societies where females have little power in domestic contexts, there is low value attached to women's economic contribution and women have little control over property, control of female sexual expression is high, and the levirate is practiced."

Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Family functioning 2 to 4 years after preterm birth.

The purpose of the study was to determine if selected risk factors related to preterm birth continued to be associated with family functioning when preterm children were 2 to 4 years of age. A convenience sample of 55 mothers and 27 fathers participated in the survey. Parents completed the Family Dynamics Measure and the family APGAR. Multiple regression analyses were computed to examine the associations between the dependent variables for family functioning and the independent variables, which included child's developmental status, neonatal hospitalization length, adequacy of family economics, parental age, and marital status. Of these risk factors, longer neonatal hospitalizations continued to be associated with poorer family role functioning for mothers (R2 = .237, F = 2.43, p = .039).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

Validity of three measures of communication for predicting relationship adjustment and stability among a sample of young couples.

The goal of this study was to examine whether data from 3 different measures of communication (i.e., self-report, quasi-observational, and observational) can predict relationship adjustment and stability 1 year later when used conjointly in a sample of 62 young couples. The 3 measures of communication were the Communication Skills Test--Revised (CST-R), the Communication Box (CB), and the Demand/Withdraw Pattern Questionnaire (DWPQ). Through hierarchical multiple regression analyses, results revealed that the CST-R and the DWPQ predict both genders' relationship adjustment 1 year later when used conjointly. Logistic regression analyses revealed that none of the measures of communication significantly predicted relationship stability. In conclusion, the combination of the CST-R and the DWPQ appears to be useful for longitudinally predicting relationship adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Childhood antecedents of interpersonal problems in young adult children of divorce.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term effects of parental divorce on interpersonal problems and to identify specific childhood pre- and postdivorce experiences that might be associated with these problems. METHOD: Scores on the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems in a university student population were compared for 125 subjects from divorced families, subgrouped by specific divorce experiences, and 467 subjects from intact families. RESULTS: Young adult children of divorce reported more problems with submission and overcontrol. When specific divorce experiences were examined, problems with intimacy emerged in the children of divorce. Mother never remarrying, multiple maternal remarriage, and high levels of pre- and postseparation parental discord were associated with more interpersonal problems. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that parental divorce is associated with interpersonal problems in young adulthood. The findings also provide evidence that specific childhood pre- and postdivorce experiences are associated with later young adult interpersonal problems, including problems with intimacy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Overview and commentary.

The California Health Benefits Review Program (CHBRP)--established in 2003 in response to new state legislation aimed at enhancing the evaluation of potential changes in health benefit packages--represents a unique marriage of academic analysis and real-time legislative decision making. CHBRP is based within the University of California (UC) Office of the President and provides analyses to the legislature within a 60-day timeframe on the potential consequences of specific benefit changes under consideration as part of legislative mandates. The consequences examined include current known medical effectiveness of the services for which coverage is to be mandated as well as potential costs and impact on public health considerations associated with the mandate. Teams throughout the University system specialize in analyzing medical effectiveness, costs, and public health impacts and work with a statewide faculty task force and a private actuarial firm to generate literature reviews and analyses in response to legislative requests. These teams work on multiple requests simultaneously, all within the constraints of the legislative calendar. In its first 2 years, CHBRP generated 22 such analyses.

California↗