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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Implementation of computer-based patient records in primary care: the societal health economic effects.

OBJECTIVE: Exploration of the societal health economic effects occurring during the first year after implementation of Computerised Patient Records (CPRs) at Primary Health Care (PHC) centres. DESIGN: Comparative case studies of practice processes and their consequences one year after CPR implementation, using the constant comparison method. Application of transaction-cost analyses at a societal level on the results. SETTING: Two urban PHC centres under a managed care contract in Ostergötland county, Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Central implementation issues. First-year societal direct normal costs, direct unexpected costs, and indirect costs. Societal benefits. RESULTS: The total societal effect of the CPR implementation was a cost of nearly 250,000 SEK (USD 37,000) per GP team. About 20% of the effect consisted of direct unexpected costs, accured from the reduction of practitioners' leisure time. The main issues in the implementation process were medical informatics knowledge and computer skills, adaptation of the human-computer interaction design to practice routines, and information access through the CPR. CONCLUSIONS: The societal costs exceed the benefits during the first year after CPR implementation at the observed PHC centres. Early investments in requirements engineering and staff training may increase the efficiency. Exploitation of the CPR for disease prevention and clinical quality improvement is necessary to defend the investment in societal terms. The exact calculation of societal costs requires further analysis of the affected groups' willingness to pay.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed1996

A systematic view on medical informatics.

Medical informatics is defined as the scientific discipline concerned with the systematic processing of data, information and knowledge in medicine and health care. The domain of medical informatics (including health informatics), its aim, methods and tools, and its relevance to other disciplines in medicine and health sciences are outlined. It is recognized that one of the major tasks of medical informatics is modelling processes. In this context, biological, communication, decision, engineering, educational, organizational and computational processes are distinguished and described.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1990

The CIO and IRM (information resources management) alliance: maneuvering for the competitive edge in hospital information management.

In 1986, Johns noted that "The hospital industry was caught unprepared for the external demands and information needs required in a case-mix reimbursement environment." Lack of a data-processing philosophy and inattention to external forces were cited as having hampered technology upgrade and integration of financial and clinical databases. The intervening years have witnessed a growth of information dissemination in the health care industry concerning information value and resource management. The frequency of appearance of articles on information management in the professional literature and the number of workshops and professional meetings addressing the topic attest to the current visibility of the information resource. Despite this flurry of interest, the industry has not developed its own models of information resources management nor validated its information evolution with accepted management information systems models. While interest in health care information resource management exists, understanding of the complex issues in this area has not developed as one would expect. While there are a myriad of reasons for this, a contributing factor is the lack of a research foundation for development and application of theory and models. Even though various graduate programs exist in medical informatics and biomedical computing, few concentrate on the study of health information resource management from an organizational perspective. Because of this, academic research in the area has been minimal. The scarcity of graduate-level programs has also meant that few individuals have been educated to deal with the challenges of managing the many disparate functional activities associated with health care information resource management. Due to a variety of internal and external forces, extreme demands were placed on the hospital information resource during the past decade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Hospital Administrators↗
PubMed2004

Knowledge and process management in health care organizations.

OBJECTIVE: Medical knowledge management and care process management have become to be considered as valuable strategic assets that can lead to sustained increase in Health Care Organization (HCO) performance. Thus, it is essential to investigate which are the enablers for promoting knowledge-based organizations (people, organization, process, and system perspectives). Although they are essential for a HCO to manage knowledge effectively, it is still unclear how to employ them in more principled fashion. This requires innovative management strategies to determine effective ways of utilizing knowledge resources and capabilities available both within and outside the organization. METHOD: This paper reviews knowledge and process management theories, methods, and technologies that are potentially effective in building high performance HCOs. They come from a variety of fields behind computer science and medical informatics, e.g. from business and organization sciences to psychological and cognitive sciences, from epistemology to sociology. However, the success in developing future Health Information Systems (HIS) requires their incorporation into a new conceptual framework after recognizing how peculiar are the characteristics of HCOs with respect to other organizations. Investigating the nature of knowledge, in general, and of medical knowledge, in particular, is essential to define which services the future HIS should provide to foster collaboration between patients and health professionals. The knowledge creation process is then described in order to emphasize its dynamic and social characteristics. The potential of workflow technology for building innovative HISs is analyzed together with several basic research issues which are very challenging for researchers in the field. RESULT: A framework for augmenting the conceptual analysis of theories, methods, tools and effects of knowledge management in building high performance HCOs.

Health Facility Administration↗
PubMed2004

Medical informatics between technology, philosophy and science.

Medical (health) informatics occupies the central place in all the segments of modern medicine in the past thirty years--in practical work, education and scientific research. In all that, computers have taken over the most important role and are used intensively for the development of the health information systems. Following activities develop within the area of health informatics: health-documentation, health-statistics, health-informatics and biomedical scientific and professional information. The medical informatics as the separate medical discipline very quickly gets developed, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In our country, the medical informatics is a separate subject for the last ten years, regarding to the Medical curriculum at the biomedical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina is in accordance with the project of the education related to Bologna declaration and the project EURO MEDICINA.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed1990

[Progress in biostatistics correlated with the development of computer technics].

The development of computers has positively influenced both Biostatistics and Medical Informatics. Close cooperation between Physicians, Biostatisticians and Experts of Medical Informatics is necessary. The leading role has to play the medical question, the medical problem to be solved, and not one of the cooperating disciplines. Both Biostatistics and Medical Informatics are parts of Medicine and must therefore taught as natural-scientific basic discipline of Medicine.

Biometry↗
PubMed2002

Utilization of computer technology by family medicine community preceptors in Mississippi.

BACKGROUND: Medical informatics require physicians to synthesize information available from a broad range of sources and identify "best" treatment strategies based upon individual patient's needs. METHODS: An assessment of computer technology utilization and the self-perceived competency of the family medicine preceptors who supervise residents during rotations was completed. A ten item survey was developed which assessed the preceptors' comfort level and use of computer technology within their office practices. Surveys were mailed to 127 family medicine preceptors. RESULTS: Sixty-six respondents completed the survey for a response rate of 52%. The majority of respondents indicated ownership of a desktop computer (88%). Forty-nine respondents (77%) indicated general comfort using the computer. Seventeen respondents (27%) used the computers for patient education and nine (14%) utilized the computers in student/resident teaching. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians are not using computers for patient education nor student/resident training. Community preceptors need further training in medical informatics and advanced computer competency.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer use among medical students in an institution in southern India.

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in Pondicherry from May to October 2002 to assess computer and internet use among medical students. METHODS: The participants were four batches of undergraduate students, one batch of interns and two batches of postgraduate students. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data from 394 subjects. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants. RESULTS: Computer knowledge was found to be higher among postgraduates (93.3%) compared to undergraduates (84.5%). Students learnt computers by self-learning, attending classes and using manuals. Writing letters was the most common use of the computer (postgraduates [100%] and undergraduates [87.5%]). Seventy-one per cent of the postgraduates and 43% of the undergraduates used English language dictionaries. About 61% of the undergraduates used computers for playing games. Students also used computer for watching movies. MS Office was the most commonly used software (postgraduates [100%] and undergraduates [72.2%]). The use of software for visual designing and drawing was low. Undergraduates used audio players more often than postgraduates. Most students used the internet for e-mail (postgraduates [100%] and undergraduates [97.3%]). Undergraduate students used the internet for chatting and entertainment. Online banking was also used to some extent. Most of the students were willing to undergo training. All the groups unanimously felt that the institute should provide free training in medical informatics. CONCLUSION: This study revealed high computer use among medical students in an institution with good computer facilities. The majority expressed their willingness to undergo further training.

Computer Literacy↗