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PubMed1995

The organization of the digital library.

As digital information proliferates and the difficulties of managing it threaten to overwhelm traditional publication and information delivery processes, new visions of a digital library are forming. Exactly what a digital library is and how it is to be organized have not yet been determined, and bibliographic organization of digital information has not been sufficiently addressed. Bibliography is the systematic description or classification of writings or publications considered as material objects. In today's digital world, such material objects may no longer be relevant, but the need for systematic description remains. The important issue is not whether digital bibliography is needed but, instead, whether or not existing bibliographic techniques are appropriate for this new media. A second issue is the location of the responsibility for a new digital bibliography. Does it rest with medical informaticians, often the producers of this new digital information, or with librarians, traditionally the classifiers of information? Developments in both medical informatics and medical librarianship indicate a need for greater collaboration between these specialties in order to achieve their common purpose--the creation, classification, and dissemination of scholarly information.

Bibliography of Medicine↗
PubMed2006

Preventing medication errors in hospitals through a systems approach and technological innovation: a prescription for 2010.

Medication errors in hospital settings are considered both widespread and costly to the American healthcare system; yet, it is tractable to available solutions. This article offers a novel prescription for the problem that could be implemented by 2010. It consists of a systems approach--failure mode effects analysis (FMEA)--in combination with emerging technologies, such as a decision support system (DDS) with integrated real-time medical informatics, electronic medical records (EMR), computer physician order entry (CPOE), bar coding, automated dispensing machines (ADM), and robotics. Cost and benefit analysis reveals that this proposed integrated solution will radically reduce medication errors in hospitals and save the lives of thousands of Americans who frequent such facilities on an annual basis, as well as reduce healthcare costs.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed1999

[Information technology as a support in the area of education].

Decision Support Systems (DSS) are more and more used and developed, mainly within the management area. It is used at strategic level for global planning and managing the organization; at tactical level for short-term planning, process realization and control. Although many authors state that DSS are used only at global and tactical level, some of them--through practical applications--show that specific DSS can be created in order to support decision in other areas than classical management. Paper describes computer application that efficiently supports organisation of exams at The Department for Medical Informatics of Medical Faculty in Tuzla.

Decision Support Techniques↗
PubMed2002

The simulation of emergency cases and other computer-based learning programs on the Internet for medical students and young doctors.

The aim of the project was to evaluate several of the most interesting Intemet "interactive patient" programs, as well as simulations of real clinical cases, and to compare them with a program "The Simulation of Emergency Cases" described in this work, and created by the Students' Research Group at the Department of Medical Informatics, the Medical University of Warsaw. These programs are aimed at medical students and doctors, and they are of great help in gaining medical experience in situations when the access to the real patient is limited.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2004

Metropolis redux: the unique importance of library skills in informatics.

OBJECTIVES: The objective is to highlight the important role that librarians have in teaching within a successful medical informatics program. Librarians regularly utilize skills that, although not technology dependent, are essential to conducting computer-based research. The Metropolis analogy is used to introduce the part librarians play as informatics partners. Science fiction is a modern mythology that, beyond a technical exterior, has lasting value in its ability to reflect the human condition. The teaching of medical informatics, an intersection of technology and knowledge, is also most relevant when it transcends the operation of databases and systems. Librarians can teach students to understand, research, and utilize information beyond specific technologies. METHODS: A survey of twenty-six informatics programs was conducted during 2002, with specific emphasis on the role of the library service. RESULTS: The survey demonstrated that librarians currently do have a central role in informatics instruction, and that library-focused skills form a significant part of the curriculum in many of those programs. In addition, librarians have creative opportunities to enhance their involvement in informatics training. As a sample program in the study, the development of the informatics course at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences is included. CONCLUSIONS: Medical informatics training is a wonderful opportunity for librarians to collaborate with professionals from the sciences and other information disciplines. Librarians' unique combination of human research and technology skills provides a valuable contribution to any program.

Education, Continuing↗
PubMed2006

Modeling in biomedical informatics--an exploratory analysis (part 1).

OBJECTIVES: Modeling is a significant part of research, education and practice in biomedical and health informatics. Our objective was to explore, which types of models of processes are used in current biomedical/health informatics research, as reflected in publications of scientific journals in this field. Also the implications for medical informatics curricula were investigated. METHODS: Retrospective, prolective observational study on recent publications of the two official journals of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), the International Journal of Medical Informatics (IJMI) and Methods of Information in Medicine (MIM). RESULTS: 384 publications have been analyzed, 190 of IJMI and 194 of MIM. In regular papers (69 in IJMI, 62 in MIM), analyzed here in part 1, all of these model types could be found. In many publications we observed a mixture of models, being used to solve the 'core' research questions and also to systematically evaluate the research done. Knowledge of (and models for) software engineering and project management are also often needed. IJMI seems to have a closer focus on research concerning health information systems and electronic patient records, with a strong emphasis on evaluation. MIM seems to have a broader range of research approaches, including also statistical modeling and computational intensive approaches. The aim to provide solutions for problems related to data, information and knowledge processing and to study the general principles of processing data, information and knowledge in medicine and health care in order to contribute to improve the quality of health care, and of research and education in medicine and the health sciences was given in all publications. CONCLUSIONS: Modeling continues to be a major task in research, education and practice in biomedical and health informatics. Knowledge and skills concerning a broad range of model types is needed.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical image informatics infrastructure design and applications.

Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) is a system integration of multimodality images and health information systems designed for improving the operation of a radiology department. As it evolves, PACS becomes a hospital image document management system with a voluminous image and related data file repository. A medical image informatics infrastructure can be designed to take advantage of existing data, providing PACS with add-on value for health care service, research, and education. A medical image informatics infrastructure (MIII) consists of the following components: medical images and associated data (including PACS database), image processing, data/knowledge base management, visualization, graphic user interface, communication networking, and application oriented software. This paper describes these components and their logical connection, and illustrates some applications based on the concept of the MIII.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed2001

Medicine ethics as a public problem.

Ethics, especially medical ethics, is of a great importance in medical informatics field ethical principles have great importance in confidentiality, security, and access to patient records. This is not as simple problem as it looks in the first sight, and--in that context--it is significant that many jurisdictions have drafted laws in this regard. As medical informatics has been developed, this ethical problem is becoming very important for medical informatics. Many efforts to make fundamental principles "according to which data protection and access to official information could be reconciled" are made. The principles described in this paper are independent of any process, as they are based on ethical principles. It avoids any kind of conflict or misunderstandings. They can be a base for making of an ethical code for informatics in health care delivery. These principles are independent of any particular "laws", and they can serve as to establish uniformity of standards in medical informatics.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed1995

Ethical principles in health data protection.

Ethics, especially medical ethics, is of a great importance in health data protection, and in medical informatics field ethical principles have great importance in confidentiality, security, and access to patient records. This is not as simple problem as it looks in the first sight, and-in that context-it is significant that many jurisdictions have drafted laws in this regard. As medical informatics has been developed, this ethical problem is becoming very important for medical informatics. Many efforts to make fundamental principles "according to which data protection and access to official information could be reconciled" are made. The principles described in this paper are independent of any process, as they are based on ethical principles. It avoids any kind of conflict or misunderstandings. They can be a base for making of an ethical code for informatics in health care delivery. These principles are independent of any particular "laws", and they can serve as to establish uniformity of standards in medical informatics.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1994

Informatics and general pediatrics.

Medical informatics is both a science, which seeks to understand the information requirements of medical practice, research, and education, and an engineering discipline, which applies new technologies to help manage the explosion of data and new knowledge that confront contemporary physicians. Computerization of the patient record is expected to resolve long-standing problems with the current paper-based system. Medical decision support applications provide patient-specific advice and remind clinicians about problems that might otherwise be overlooked. New methods are required to evaluate the performance of expert systems in the medical domain where a single "gold standard" solution may not exist. Modern technologies can facilitate communication among multiple providers and between clinicians and patients. The need for improvements in user-interface design and for standards for recording and interchanging information pose ongoing challenges for informatics research.

Communication↗
PubMed2006

The life and death of URLs in five biomedical informatics journals.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the decay rate of Uniform Record Locators (URLs) in the reference section of biomedical informatics journals. METHODS: URL references were collected from printed journal articles of the first and middle issues of 1999-2004 and electronically available in-press articles in January 2005. We limited this set to five biomedical informatics journals: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, International Journal of Medical Informatics, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, Methods of Information in Medicine, and Journal of Biomedical Informatics. During a 1-month period, URL access attempts were performed eight times a day at regular intervals. RESULTS: Of the 19,108 references extracted from 606 printed and 86 in-press articles, 1112 (5.8%) references contained a URL. Of the 1049 unique URLs, 726 (69.2%) were alive, 230 (21.9%) were dead, and 93 (8.9%) were comatose. URLs from in-press articles included 212 URLs, of which 169 (79.7%) were alive, 21 (9.9%) were dead, and 22 (10.4%) were comatose. The average annual decay, or link rot, rate was 5.4%. CONCLUSION: The URL decay rate in biomedical informatics journals is high. A commonly accepted strategy for the permanent archival of digital information referenced in scholarly publications is urgently needed.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed2005

CiteSpace II: visualization and knowledge discovery in bibliographic databases.

This article presents a description and case study of CiteSpace II, a Java application which supports visual exploration with knowledge discovery in bibliographic databases. Highly cited and pivotal documents, areas of specialization within a knowledge domain, and emergence of research topics are visually mapped through a progressive knowledge domain visualization approach to detecting and visualizing trends and patterns in scientific literature. The test case in this study is progressive knowledge domain visualization of the field of medical informatics. Datasets based on publications from twelve journals in the medical informatics field covering the time period from 1964-2004 were extracted from PubMed and Web of Science (WOS) and developed as testbeds for evaluation of the CiteSpace system. Two resulting document-term co-citation and MeSH term co-occurrence visualizations are qualitatively evaluated for identification of pivotal documents, areas of specialization, and research trends. Practical applications in bio-medical research settings are discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

[Informatics in the Croatian health care system].

Informatization process of the Croatian health care system started relatively early. Computer processing of data of persons not covered by health insurance started in 1968 in Zagreb. Remetinec Health Center served as a model of computer data processing (CDP) in primary health care and Sveti Duh General Hospital in inpatient CDP, whereas hospital administration and health service were first introduced to Zagreb University Hospital Center and Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital. At Varazdin Medical Center CDP for health care services started in 1970. Several registries of chronic diseases have been established: cancer, psychosis, alcoholism, and hospital registries as well as pilot registries of lung tuberculosis patients and diabetics. Health statistics reports on healthcare services, work accidents and sick-leaves as well as on hospital mortality started to be produced by CDP in 1977. Besides alphanumeric data, the modern information technology (IT) can give digital images and signals. Communication in health care system demands a standardized format of all information, especially for telemedicine. In 2000, Technical Committee for Standardization in Medical Informatics was founded in Croatia, in order to monitor the activities of the International Standardization Organization (ISO) and Comite Européen de Normalisation (CEN), and to implement their international standards in the Croatian standardization procedure. The HL7 Croatia has also been founded to monitor developments in the communication standard HL7. So far, the Republic of Croatia has a number of acts regulating informatization in general and consequently the informatization of the health care system (Act on Personal Data Confidentiality, Act on Digital Signature, Act of Standardization) enacted. The ethical aspect of data security and data protection has been covered by the Code of Ethics for medical informaticians. It has been established by the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), and the Croatian Society of Medical Informatics (CSMI) has translated it into Croatian and published it on its website. Based on a survey of medical staff attitudes toward health care system informatization, the Croatian health system appears to be ready for informatization. The only requirement is that the present and future health care providers have appropriate medical informatics education, proper computer equipment at their workplace, and an opportunity to participate in the development and/or improvement of the health information system. One of the EU health strategy priorities is the improvement of health information and knowledge. It means that integrated health information systems are required, i.e. systems able to provide key information on health and health care system to the politicians, health professionals and public in general.

Croatia↗
PubMed2000

Applications of informatics in veterinary medicine.

This study used the peer-reviewed biomedical literature to define the veterinary informatics knowledgebase and associated subspecialties, and assesses the level of activity in the field over the thirty-year period from 1966 through 1995. Grateful Med was used to search the MEDLINE bibliographic database for articles that shared one or more Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords from the veterinary and medical informatics subject headings. Each of ninety-five MeSH medical informatics terms was assigned to one of twelve veterinary informatics subspecialties. The number of articles retrieved by each MeSH keyword and subspecialty was calculated. A total of 611 articles were retrieved, representing the contributions of 1,338 authors published in 153 journals. The field experienced slow growth over the twenty-year period from 1966 through 1985. In the following decade, the cumulative number of veterinary informatics articles almost tripled and the percentage of veterinary-related articles that included an informatics component increased almost two-and-one-half fold. Despite this recent growth, the number of veterinary-related articles with an informatics component has never exceeded 1% of either the veterinary or medical informatics literature over the past thirty years, and representation of veterinary subspecialties in the literature varied widely.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Personal health records: definitions, benefits, and strategies for overcoming barriers to adoption.

Recently there has been a remarkable upsurge in activity surrounding the adoption of personal health record (PHR) systems for patients and consumers. The biomedical literature does not yet adequately describe the potential capabilities and utility of PHR systems. In addition, the lack of a proven business case for widespread deployment hinders PHR adoption. In a 2005 working symposium, the American Medical Informatics Association's College of Medical Informatics discussed the issues surrounding personal health record systems and developed recommendations for PHR-promoting activities. Personal health record systems are more than just static repositories for patient data; they combine data, knowledge, and software tools, which help patients to become active participants in their own care. When PHRs are integrated with electronic health record systems, they provide greater benefits than would stand-alone systems for consumers. This paper summarizes the College Symposium discussions on PHR systems and provides definitions, system characteristics, technical architectures, benefits, barriers to adoption, and strategies for increasing adoption.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1993

Developments in health informatics within the standards associations of Australia and New Zealand.

Activities to support the development and adoption of Standards in health informatics are now well started. The Standards Association of Australia formed a committee (IT/14) on Medical Informatics which met for the first time in February 1991: early in 1992 it changed its name to reflect a broader concern with "Health Informatics" rather than the rather narrower interpretation that many had chosen to place on the term "Medical Informatics". The Standards Association of New Zealand held the inaugural meeting of persons interested in constituting committee SC606 on Health Informatics in August of this year. A growing program of active collaboration between Australia and New Zealand was formalised in July of this year, whereby standards will for the most part be jointly developed and adopted regionally, and whereby the separate committees will be merged wherever practicable to form a single head Joint Technical Committee (JTC) for each domain of involvement. The focus in Australia and New Zealand is at present very much on the need for standards to implement national health information networks. The progressive definition of network standards is prompting increased interest in the standards implemented within the systems and installations that must connect to the networks. The initial implementation of a national health information system in New Zealand is scheduled for 1st July 1993: detailed plans for an Australian health communications network are well advanced although no date for its implementation has been proposed. This paper outlines the general structure of the standards committees in the Antipodes, and of their various sub-committees. It will also outline broad terms of reference of these groups, and the major areas of current interests, activity and developments.

Australia↗
PubMed2006

Web based distance learning at Faculty of Medicine of Sarajevo University.

The time in which we live is defined by the significant influence of the information technologies on our lives, changes and development of society and the efficacy of all the organization systems. Increase and development of distance learning (DL) technologies over the past decade has exposed the potential and the efficiency of new technologies. Number of events has organized by teaching staff from Cathedrae for Medical Informatics in order to promote distance learning and web based education are very extensive: professional-scientific events, workshops and congresses, first tele-exam at the Medical Faculty, Introducing of Distance learning in curriculum at biomedical faculties, etc. At the University in Sarajevo in year 2003 was opened the e-learning center for the support to the faculties the distance studies by use of the information technology. At Medical Faculty of University of Sarajevo at Cathedrae for Medical Informatics since 2002 is in progress realization of the project named: "Possibilities of introducing distance learning in medical curriculum", approved by the Federal and the Cantonal ministry of science and education. Pilot project was realized during three past school years, theoretical and practical education of subject Medical informatics are adapted to the new concepts of education using world trends of education from the distance. One group of students was included in the project finalized by electronic exam registration and electronic exam on 20 June 2005, publicly, in the Physiology amphitheatre of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed2002

Communication in science.

Science must have a common language. For centuries, Latin language carried out this job, but the progress in computer technology and internet world through the last 20 years, began to produce a new language with the new century; the computer language. The information masses, which need data language standardization, are the followings; Digital libraries and medical education systems, Consumer health informatics, Medical education systems, World Wide Web Applications, Database systems, Medical language processing, Automatic indexing systems, Image processing units, Telemedicine, New Generation Internet (NGI).

Communication↗