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PubMed2004

Magnesium-deficient diet alters depression- and anxiety-related behavior in mice--influence of desipramine and Hypericum perforatum extract.

A relation between magnesium (Mg) status and mood disorders has been suggested, but evidence remains inconsistent. Therefore, we examined in mice whether Mg-depletion would alter behavior evaluated in established animal models of depression and anxiety and whether these effects would be sensitive to antidepressants. Compared to control mice fed with normal diet, mice receiving a low Mg diet (10% of daily requirement) for several weeks displayed increased immobility time in the forced swim test, indicating enhanced depression-like behavior. In addition, the partial Mg-depletion increased anxiety-related behavior in the light/dark and open field test, while locomotor activity or motor coordination was not influenced. Chronic oral administration of desipramine (30 mg/kg/day), or Hypericum extract LI160 (Hyp, 380 mg/kg/day) prevented the "pro-depression-like" forced swim behavior in Mg-depleted mice. Furthermore, the increase in anxiety-related behavior of Mg-depleted mice was abolished in both the open field and light dark test by Hyp. Taken together, we report that Mg-depletion leads to enhanced depression- and anxiety-related behavior in mice, which was further validated by the reversibility of the behavioral changes by known antidepressant and anxiolytic substances. Further, the utility of Mg-depletion as a new screening model for clinically active antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Magnesium metabolism and deficiency.

Magnesium is a prominent intracellular cation required for the function of hundreds of enzyme systems. Magnesium depletion is observed frequently in hospitalized patients and is usually secondary to renal or intestinal magnesium loss. Clinically, magnesium deficiency may present with neuromuscular hyperexcitability, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and cardiac arrhythmias. Magnesium therapy appears to improve survival in patients with myocardial infarction. The diagnosis of magnesium deficiency is usually made by a low-serum magnesium concentration, although the magnesium tolerance test may be more indicative of low magnesium states. In acutely ill patients, magnesium is usually give parenterally; oral magnesium may be given for long-term repletion.

Diagnosis, Differential↗