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PubMed2006

[Association of metabolic syndrome components with cataract].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of metabolic syndrome and its components with cataract among the middle-aged Kaunas population in relation to gender and age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The epidemiological examination was carried out in Kaunas, Lithuania, during 2001-2002. Health survey has been carried out according to the protocol of Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular disease (MONICA) study. Analysis was performed for 1,267 persons aged 35-64 years (571 men and 696 women). Metabolic syndrome was defined by criteria of World Health Organization and The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Cataract was defined by color photography according to the Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS III) methods. RESULTS: After dividing of total cohort into three age groups (35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 years), relationship between metabolic syndrome and cataract was found in 55-64 years old men and 45-54 and 55-64 years old women: the prevalence of cataract was higher in men's and women's groups with metabolic syndrome than in groups of same the age and gender without metabolic syndrome, but significant difference was observed only in women's group. After evaluation of the relationship of every component of metabolic syndrome with cataract it was established that an increased prevalence of cataract was observed among men with hyperglycemia and central obesity and among women with all five components of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: This survey shows that metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of cataract in women of Kaunas city population aged 45-64 years.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Severe and acute maternal morbidity: Lithuanian experience and review.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the incidence of severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) and to find the risk factors that could be useful in trying to predict the development of SAMM. METHODS: The data were collected prospectively in 7 maternity units from different Lithuanian regions over a 1-year period. Every woman with a clinical diagnosis of severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, severe hemorrhage, uterine rupture, or severe sepsis during pregnancy or delivery or until the 42nd day post partum was included after verification of diagnosis by using clinical criteria. RESULT: One hundred and six cases of SAMM and one maternal death were identified during the study among 13,399 deliveries (7.91/1000 deliveries 95% CI 6.48-9.56). There were 57 cases of severe preeclampsia, 3 cases of eclampsia, 38 cases of severe hemorrhage, 3 cases of uterine rupture, and 4 cases of severe sepsis. One maternal death occurred due to HELLP syndrome, so the case-fatality ratio for severe morbidity was 0.99%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of SAMM and case-fatality rate in Lithuania are similar to those in other European countries. The main risk factors for SAMM were previous peripartum hemorrhage, previous hypertension, previous renal diseases, lack of antenatal care, and dystocia.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2006

Monthly number of newborns and environmental physical activity.

UNLABELLED: In the last decades many studies have demonstrated the cosmophysical influences on human homeostasis. The aim of the study was to explore links between environmental physical activity--solar, geomagnetic, cosmic ray--and monthly number of newborns in general and, separately, for each gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The distribution of newborns' number (n=286,963) over 96 months in the Republic of Lithuania from 1995 to 2002 was compared with the monthly cosmophysical indices nine months before the month of delivery. For the comparison of gender ratio, other 52,289 newborns at the same time were studied in a big Israeli hospital. Pearson's correlation coefficients and their probabilities between the newborns' number and cosmophysical indices were established. RESULTS: A strong and significant inverse correlation of monthly newborns' number with monthly solar activity indices (r=-0.72, p<0.0001) and similar, but positive, with cosmic ray activity was shown (r=0.67, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The monthly number of newborns of both genders is strongly and significantly related to the level of monthly cosmic ray and, inverse, to solar activity indices nine months before the month of delivery. Geomagnetic activity was not significantly related to the monthly number of newborns. The subject and mechanism of these relationships needs further investigation.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed2006

[Severe pediatric head injury: is there any optimal solution?].

Traumatic brain injury in children is a worldwide problem. The incidence of trauma cases is increasing over the world, and in Lithuania it is several times higher than in the most developed European countries. The article reviews data about the most modern means of managing pediatric traumatic brain injury. The role of prehospital care, emphasizing on airway management, adequate ventilation, oxygenation, and perfusion in order to preclude secondary brain injury, which begins straight after trauma, is being noted. Establishing trauma system and patient's treatment in pediatric trauma centers, where child gets urgent and sufficient help, reduces mortality and improves outcomes. Pediatric patient's triage using patient's status scoring and trauma scoring systems is recommended. The role of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure is crucial. Immediate management of intracranial pressure reduces mortality and improves outcomes. Techniques of intracranial pressure monitoring and management strategies of intracranial hypertension, their advantages and possible disadvantages are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[What kind of information do family physicians provide to their patients about possible side effects of contraceptive pills?].

The aim of our survey was to investigate the extent to which family physicians in Lithuanian inform their patients about possible side effects of contraceptive pills. We also aimed to examine the relation between physicians' estimation of the severity and frequency of these side effects and their willingness to inform patients spontaneously. A survey was conducted in Lithuania in 2004 using the methodology and questionnaire developed by the researchers of Department of Medical Philosophy and Clinical Theory, University of Copenhagen. A computerized stratified random sampling was drawn using the list of Territorial Sick Funds. A total of 500 family physicians have been questioned in the survey. Response rate was 64%. Family physicians (83%) informed their patients more frequently when the side effect was regarded as frequent and serious than it was regarded as rare and trivial. Only 2.9% of all the respondents would inform their patients about the all possible side effects. Half of the respondents (51%) would inform about the side effects in order to enable the patients to react appropriately to every side effect. The most common reason (29%) for not informing the patients was an effort to avoid unnecessary patients' anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Dental status among schoolchildren in Kaunas and analysis of oral health care].

The prevalence of dental caries is very high (98%) among schoolchildren in Lithuania. Effective prevention, early diagnostics, and appropriate treatment of the disease will guarantee good oral health, proper functioning of the dentition. The aim of the present study was to assess the oral status in 7-, 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in Kaunas as well as to define the methods of oral health care, quality of the restorations, opinion of the heads of the clinics concerning the oral health care in their institutions. A total of 586 children were examined. The questionnaires were filled out by the heads of the private clinics and primary health care centers. Oral health status was evaluated according to the criteria of World Health Organization. Results of the study showed that the prevalence of dental caries increased with the age of the children ranging from 20.6% among 7-year-olds up to 95.9% among 15-year-olds. The need for dental treatment was found in 38.9% of 7-year-olds and 51.8% of 15-year-olds; 3.8% were in need of prosthodontic treatment. More than a half of fillings (52.5%) were of good quality, and 47.5% had to be replaced. Private clinics had better dental equipment (81.8%) in comparison with the primary health care centers (55.0%). Better instruments and materials were in private clinics (86.4%) than in primary health care centers (40.0%). According to the answers, the heads of the clinics and centers think that better dental service for the patients might be given by better financing of the institutions and effective prevention of dental caries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[The burnout syndrome among nurses working in Lithuanian cardiac surgery centers].

UNLABELLED: The burnout syndrome may be defined as a complex phenomenon which is characterized by three components: emotional burnout (physical and psychical exhaustion, incapability to carry on requirements), depersonalization (cynical attitude towards performed work, duties, cold or negative reaction to the patients), and lowered efficiency (reflected by the sense of incompetence, the lack of efficiency and achievements). This process is progressing slowly for a long time and is characterized individually by various psychical and physical symptoms of different intensity. The aim of this study was to examine the manifestation of burnout syndrome and to estimate the influence of the syndrome on the behavior and practice of the nurses in cardiac surgery units of Lithuania (to evaluate physiological and psychological symptoms of the burnout). METHODS: The study was performed using a questionnaire. A total of 180 questionnaires completed by nurses in Lithuanian cardiac surgical centers (Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipeda) were analyzed. RESULTS: The study revealed that 72.8% of nurses had an excess of workload (exceeding full-time job). Most of the respondents (84.4%) pointed out the emotional stress, unevaluated work and underpayment. Three-fourths of the nurses (75%) indicated that they felt physical fatigue after their work. More than half of nurses (67.2%) felt general fatigue, 63.3% reported the leg pains after the work, and 32.2% feel splitting headaches. Psychological fatigue was stressed by 86.1% of specialists. The main causes of psychological stress are as follows: the communication with the doctors in 57% of the cases, communication with the patient's relatives in 52% of cases, communication with the nursing administration in 49% of cases, and communication with the patients in 40% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the nurses working in the centers of cardiac surgery experience physical and psychological fatigue, emotional stress. All this determinates the dissatisfaction in the work, conflicts rising between the nurse and job environment. Above-mentioned symptoms show the progression of the burnout syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

New surgical technique for the treatment of urinary incontinence in Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Kaunas University of Medicine.

UNLABELLED: There are various surgical methods for the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) operation based on a three-year clinical experience and the possibility of its use in the outpatient settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients were examined according to a standardized protocol for urinary incontinence and were operated on according to the original "Gynecare TVT" protocol. A total of 57 women were operated on and followed up during the study period (02/25/2000-12/31/2002). The average age was 52 years. Out of them 31 (54.4%) women were after menopause and 56 (97.9%) gave birth. Nine women had operations in their medical histories: five had hysterectomies and the other four were operated on because of urinary incontinence. Besides, five women were operated due to mixed urinary incontinence. Among the operated women, 6 had local anesthesia, 13 had epidural, and 38 had lumbar anesthesia. The average time of the operation was 22.3 minutes. The mean hospital stay was 4.4 days. Five patients were hospitalized for one day. Besides TVT operation, eight patients had anterior colporrhaphy, two patients had posterior colporrhaphy, and two patients had "mesh" application for cystocele treatment. RESULTS: One woman had stress urinary incontinence symptoms after operation (the effectiveness of operation was 98.2%). The main complications were: perforation of the urinary bladder was present in 1 (1.8%) patient and infection of urinary tract - in 4 (7.0%) patients. CONCLUSION: TVT operation is a minimal invasive, fast, safe and very effective surgical procedure for the treatment of urinary stress incontinence, which has to be implemented in Lithuania as a routine outpatient procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Relations between usage of marihuana and other drugs among teenagers].

Some supporters of liberal drug politics in the whole world and in Lithuania try to suggest that usage of marihuana and other cannabis products is harmless and marihuana can even be used for medical purposes. They state that usage of cannabis products does not lead to usage of stronger drugs and so on. Other authors state that regular marihuana use always leads to trying stronger drugs and development of drug addiction. The aim of this study is to examine connection between regular marihuana use and other drugs, to find factors that motivate marihuana users to try other drugs, and to name differences of attitude towards drugs and drug addiction between regular and irregular marihuana users. The research was conducted in six vocational schools of Klaipeda; 912 freshman students (mean age 17.5 years) were surveyed. During the survey, anonymous questionnaires were administered, and data were processed using SPSS program package. During the study, it was established that 15.6% of vocational schools' males and 4.9% of females smoked marihuana often or more often (more than 20 times). Those students are regular marihuana users, and they already may need medical or psychological help. Behavior and attitude of regular marihuana towards drugs users, which can be named as tolerance towards all drug usage ideology, statistically significantly differed from ideology of irregular marihuana users. The following percentage of regular marihuana users have also tried other illegal drugs: 58.6% have tried psychostimulants in the form of pills or powder (amphetamine, ecstasy, LSD, and others), 20.0% have tried intravenous drugs, 19.2%--various other drugs, and 42.4%--alcohol with pills.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Traditions of university studies at Kaunas University of Medicine].

The aim of this article is to highlight the dimensions of the traditions of the idea of the university that are relevant in our today's world--the autonomy of the university, education of a free and creative personality, and belonging to the unified space of studies--and to review the experience of Kaunas University of Medicine in the development of the traditions of university studies. The research object was university studies, and the methods applied in this research were analysis of literature and analysis of documents. The article consists of the introduction, two parts, and generalization. The first part discusses the autonomy of the university, the importance of liberal studies, and the influence of the European higher education and provides a generalized survey of the historical tradition of university studies in Lithuania. The second part of the article reviews the predominant factors that condition the development of university studies at Kaunas University of Medicine: organization of studies and implementation of liberal studies realized through general university education subjects into the modern content of university studies. The generalization of the results of the performed analysis allows for stating that the contents and the organization of curricula and the ongoing reforms at Kaunas University of Medicine expand the continuity of the traditions of the European university education, highlight the idea of the university, and realize university studies that reflect modern global tendencies.

History, 16th Century↗
PubMed1991

[Hypertension: economic aspects].

The data are provided on the economic losses caused by hypertonic disease (HD) to the national economy of Lithuania in 1980 which are estimated as the sum of money spent by the state on curative and preventive measures and economic losses due to temporary disability, invalidity and premature deaths. Economic losses including damage caused by temporary disability, invalidity and premature deaths accounted for 11.1 million roubles. The major losses were caused by temporary disability. They topped the economic damage due to premature deaths by more than two times. State expenditures on curative and preventive care for hypertonic patients in the structure of economic losses accounted for only 10.6%.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A common Lithuanian mutation causing familial hypercholesterolemia in Ashkenazi Jews.

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. Here we characterize an LDL-receptor founder mutation that is associated with a distinct LDL-receptor haplotype and is responsible for FH in 35% of 71 Jewish-Ashkenazi FH families in Israel. Sixty four percent (16/25) of the Ashkenazi patients who carry this mutant allele were of Lithuanian origin. The mutation was not found in 47 non-Ashkenazi FH families. This mutation was prevalent (8/10 FH cases) in the Jewish community in South Africa, which originated mainly from Lithuania. The mutation, a 3-bp in-frame deletion that would result in the elimination of Gly197, has been previously designated FH-Piscataway. PCR amplification of a DNA fragment that includes the mutation in heterozygous individuals results in the formation of a heteroduplex that can be demonstrated by PAGE and used for molecular diagnosis.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experience in eradicating enterobiasis in children in the preschool institutions of the Lithuanian SSR].

The efficacy of hygienic measures and drug therapy of patients with enterobiasis has been compared in different organized groups of children in various regions of Lithuania. Nondrug measures and drug therapy were of similar efficacy. Vermox administration twice a year decreased the incidence of enterobiasis in children 1.9-fold, while nondrug measures decreased it 1.5-6.1-fold.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[The identification of Borrelia isolated in the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia from Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks].

Seven strains of the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis have been isolated from ticks of the species Ixodes ricinus (L.) obtained at the territories of Leningrad Province, Lithuania and Czechoslovakia. The strains have been studied in reactions with 5 types of monoclonal antibodies. All isolated strains belong to serotype II according to Barbour's system and are typical for European strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Epidemiology of Salmonella infections in the Lithuanian Soviet Republic and organizational principles in their prevention].

The epidemiological analysis of salmonella infection in Lithuania in the last 10 years is presented. Data are shown concerning unequal spread of infections depending on the region, the incidence in relation to age, occupation. The aetiological structure of the organism and other parameters of the epidemiological process are discussed calling a particular attention to the analysis of factors and conditions determining the spread of salmonelloses among mammals, birds and humans, and the organizational principles of control and prevention of these infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Results of the study of bird droppings collected in the Lithuanian SSR for the purpose of searching out tularemia epizootics].

There are practically no records of cases of tularemia among humans in the Lithuanian SSR. Nevertheless, the mass sero-allergic survey of the population for tularemia, carried out 10-12 years ago, showed that 2.3% of the adult population in the Republic had had contacts with the causative agent of this infection. The work was aimed at the determination of the present activity of the foci of tularemia. During 6 years in 22 rural districts 2582 samples of avian excrements, containing bones and wool of small animals, were collected and studied by means of the antibody neutralization test (ANT). In 132 (5.1 +/- 0.4%) excrement samples collected on the territory of 12 districts Francisella tularensis antigen was detected. The average ANT titer was 45.2, the maximum titer (10 excrement samples) reached 1: 160. The study revealed the existence of the natural foci of tularemia in Lithuania at present, but their activity proved to be low. The most unfavorable situation was found to exist in western districts of the Republic.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Character of nutrition of the Minsk population and its relation with ischemic heart disease].

A standard one-day diet questionnaire survey covered 1025 subjects (490 males and 535 females) aged 20-59 living in the city of Minsk. They were examined in the Research Cardiology Institute of Belarus within the scope of the program on integral prevention of chronic noninfectious disease. The results of the study showed the examinees' diet to be unbalanced with an atherogenic trend: excessive fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol against insufficient carbohydrates, starch, polyunsaturated fatty acids. Total energy value of the food and alcohol consumption of the studied population were lower than those of the matched population of Lithuania, Moscow and Tallin. No significant relationship was revealed between alimentary characteristics of the Minsk population and occurrence of ischemic heart disease in the examinees.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mikolajus Konstantinas Ciurlonis, visionary artist].

The author presents a very interesting account of the personality of M. K. Ciurlonis (1875-1911). He was regarded as a precursor of abstractionism and surrealism--"The poet of music and painting". Thousands of his music al compositions and pictures gave him a place among the very best of artists of Eastern Europe of his epoch. He used to say that the influence of music was shown in his paintings and the influence of paintings in his musical compositions. His own philosophy of art has been expressed in his letters written to his brother and to his bride whom Ciurlonis married after 11 years of rather platonic friendship (one year before his death). He was born in to a Polish family living in Eastern Poland. His first music teacher was his father, an organ player. A medical doctor, friend of Prince Ogiński facilitated the young man to attend the palace orchestra and after that the prince who was also a musical composer and a lover of art, helped Ciurlonis to study music in the best schools in Warsaw and Leipzig. Since his childhood Ciurlonis loved to draw and to paint. After having finished his music study he spent some months studying in the Academy of Fine Arts and after that he sacrificed himself to both arts. Influenced by his bride he considered himself to be Lithuanian and worked very hard for the liberation of Lithuania. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Art↗