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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

General practitioner attitudes toward mandatory reporting of doctor-patient sexual abuse.

AIM: To explore general practitioner attitudes toward mandatory reporting of doctor-patient sexual abuse. METHODS: Anonymous questionnaire mailed to a randomised sample of 217 New Zealand general practitioners. Attitudes toward mandatory reporting of doctor-patient sexual contact, seductive or sexually demeaning behaviour were appraised including an indication of whom the perceived appropriate reporting body should be. RESULTS: Forty-seven per cent of respondents supported the notion of mandatory reporting for doctor-patient sexual contact, 42% for sexually demeaning behaviour and 35% for seductive verbal behaviour. These respondents indicated that the most appropriate body to report to was a Doctor's Health Advisory Service. CONCLUSION: There was a lack of strong consensus on mandatory reporting of doctor-patient sexual abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Insight and competence to consent to psychiatric hospitalization.

Informed consent and insight are among the most important issues in medical treatment, especially for psychiatric patients. In this study, we examined the competence to consent to psychiatric hospitalization of 113 psychiatric patients who were voluntarily admitted to a mental hospital in various psychotic states and compared it with their insight. We found a significant correlation between the patients' competence and insight into their illnesses. There is a discussion of the problematic issues of informed consent, competence and psychosis and the importance of insight in the context of mental illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Ethical aspects of heart transplantation].

Since the very beginning of organ transplantation, ethical considerations have been regularly discussed. However, all important religions support transplantation. On the donor side there is continuous argument on the definition of brain death. The legal approach in determining whether explantation of organs is allowed or not is country-specific. In Switzerland, moreover, rules still differ from one canton to another and a new transplantation law is at present under consideration. To avoid further shortage of organs, various models have been suggested (such as rewarded giftings) but rejected on ethical grounds. On the recipients' side the main discussion centres on who should be the first to receive an offered organ. Specific questions on xenotransplansplantation and transplantation in newborns are briefly addressed.

Brain Death↗
PubMed2006

Coherence between legal requirements and approaches for detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their derived products.

Analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative detection of genetically modified (GM) products may serve multiple purposes. Legal requirements differ among jurisdictions, ranging from no requirements to mandatory use of event-specific quantitation and implementation of production chain traceability. Although efforts have been taken to harmonize the analytical methodology at national, regional, and international levels, no normative international standards have yet been established. Lack of coherence between analytical methodologies and their applicabilities, on the one hand, and legislation, on the other hand, is a major problem. Here, key points where coherence is lacking are discussed. These include the definition of units of measurements, expression of GM material quantities, terminology, and inconsistent legal status of products derived from related but slightly different transformation routes. Finally, recommendations to improve the coherence are brought forward, including guidance to stakeholders for prediction of product-specific GM material quantities from gene ratios in the originating seed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

HIV and the mentally ill: an approach to the legal issues.

The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires mental health clinicians to make many decisions that present legal dilemmas, yet few clear rules of law exist that address HIV antibody testing, confidentiality of information about patients' HIV status, clinicians' duty to protect third parties, and discrimination against HIV-infected individuals in psychiatric settings. The author recommends a balance between the legal interests of infected and uninfected persons in addressing these issues. HIV antibody testing or disclosure of information about an individual's HIV status without informed consent should be strictly limited and done only when clinically necessary. Nondiscriminatory treatment for HIV-infected patients and protection of uninfected persons is best approached by use of universal infection control procedures and individualized clinical judgment.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2002

[A symptom oriented approach to evaluate legal capacity under account of the term will].

After summarising the legal requirements of contractual capacity, an attempt is made to define the term will with psychiatric conceptualisations. Possible restrictions of a free declaration of will are outlined. Symptoms, which possibly influence cognitive preconditions of will and personal values, are taken into account. Our considerations are supposed to improve orientation in this complex field and to contribute to the communication between psychiatric expert and the court. However, the analysis of each individual case remains essential.

Dementia↗
PubMed1982

Developing an enforceable "right to treatment" theory for the chronically mentally disabled in the community.

Historical developments, mental health approaches, and applicable legal authorities are examined in arguing a legal basis for pursuing greater treatment benefits for chronically mentally disabled persons in the community. Mental health lawyers have traditionally been concerned with patients' right to treatment while in the hospital. Lawyers are called on to examine the plight of (and to extend advocacy for) the chronically mentally disabled in the community.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1976

Clinical approaches to teaching legal medicine to physicians: medicolegal emergencies and consultations.

Physicians-in-training generally have insufficient exposure to legal medicine to prepare them for the medicolegal problems they will encounter in practice. This Article outlines the current structure of the field of legal medicine in America, and sets forth two strategies with clinical orientations for teaching legal medicine to physicians-in-training: (1) providing a didactic course offering accurate and practical information on medicolegal emergency situations; and (2) establishing a consultation service in legal medicine capable of providing clinical information or training in such settings as the emergency room, the outpatient departments, and the inpatient wards.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1997

An approach to teaching ethical, legal, and psychosocial aspects of gynecologic oncology in a residency program.

An approach to teaching ethical, legal, and psychosocial issues in gynecologic oncology has been integrated into an obstetrics and gynecology residency program. Team-teaching is used, involving gynecologic oncology faculty members and a medical ethicist with experience teaching in the clinical setting of obstetrics and gynecology. The teaching takes place as part of ongoing teaching rounds in the division of gynecologic oncology. Articles from clinical journals are used to inform and stimulate discussion of clinical ethical, legal, and psychosocial issues. Integrating the teaching of ethical and legal aspects of gynecologic oncology into residency education is challenging, given the competing demands on the residents' time and the need for teaching to be clinically relevant. The program described in this article illustrates that such teaching can be carried out in a manner that covers main issues and has practical value for residents.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The legal research method: an approach to enhance nursing science.

The nature of legal research as it relates to other research methods used in nursing is described, its history discussed, and its relevance to nursing science examined. The major concepts of person, health, environment, and nursing can be explicated by legal research and analysis. The phenomenological method is the one considered most likely to be enhanced by legal research. Finally, the following are discussed: the history of legal research, the definition of legal research, steps in the legal research process, legal research source materials, nursing concepts clarified by legal research, and the parallels between phenomenology and legal research.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Public health powers in relation to infectious tuberculosis in England and France: a comparison of approaches.

This article examines the legal responses to infectious tuberculosis in England and France. Given that tuberculosis has re-emerged as a public health threat in both countries, the differing jurisprudence and legal frameworks of disease control in the two jurisdictions warrant examination. Two questions arise in that respect: firstly, what is the role of the State in the protection of public health in the context of tuberculosis, and secondly, to what extent can the law intervene to coerce individuals to undertake health measures for the protection of society at large. These issues reveal the tensions that exist between the individual and public interest. France and England differ greatly in their responses to such tensions. Paradoxically, France, that has traditionally embraced strong State intervention, has been reluctant to curtail individual freedoms for the benefit of public health. Conversely, England, that has tended to be more closely associated with liberalism, has been ready to accept and even promote restrictions to individual freedoms in the collective interest.

Communicable Disease Control↗