Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LEPTOSPIROSIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[The diagnosis of leptospirosis in the hospital microbiology laboratory].

Confirmatory diagnosis of clinical leptospirosis may be achieved by each hospital laboratory performing all-purpose bacteriological methods. Direct microscopic examination of blood may frequently demonstrate circulating leptospiras in the first few days of pyrexia. Leptospiras may be tentatively cultured from blood in the same initial period of illness, in fluid semisynthetic commercial media according to the original Ellinghausen medium. Sero-conversion for leptospira antibodies is constantly observed on two serum samples taken in the first few days of illness and ten days thereafter respectively, in each case of current leptospirosis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1984

[Diagnostic research on leptospirosis in the Milanese territory].

168 serum specimens have been tested for Leptospirosis in the years from 1980 to 1983. The identification procedure was a macroscopic plate agglutination screening test with formalin fied antigens and a confirmatory microscopic agglutination-lysis test of live antigens of actively growing cultures of different pathogenic serotypes propagated in a fluid medium. 34 serum specimens (23.8%) relevant to 18 cases were positive. L. icterohaemorrhagiae was positive in 12 cases (63.1%), L. pomona in 2 cases (10.5%), L. canicola in 1 case (5.3%), 1 case was positive for both L. grippotyphosa and L. bataviae and 1 case was positive for L. poi and L. sejroe. During the summer-fall of 1981 40 specimens of surface water from 4 pre-alpin lakes of the Provincia of Como were tested for Leptospiras with the cultural and biological examinations, following the detection of several leptospirosis cases on the relevant area. All water specimens gave negative results.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

[The Pavia Center for the study and diagnosis of leptospirosis].

According to his deep experience in this field, the Author greatly appreciates the program agreed during this congress. He thinks that Leptospirosis is a still widely diffused zoonosis, for which accurate diagnostic work-up is requested, coupled to an adequate epidemiologic study. Among his own contributions to this argument, the A. remarks the studies on the experimental infection of the guineapig with L. icterohaemorrhagiae, providing evidence that jaundice and lethal course of the illness are due to the Leptospira and not, as it was currently supposed, to an overcoming Staphylococcal septicemia. Furthermore the A. observed a striking epidemic by L. pomona affecting 90 out of 120 rice-workers in the neighbourhood of Pavia. This Leptospira, previously unreported in Europe, was found to be carried by Norvegian rats captured in that country. These data were in contrast with the more frequent incidence, in this work environment, of L. bataviae, carried by Micromis minutus sorcinus. Following the amount of observations and researches in this field "Center for study and diagnosis of Leptospirosis" was founded in 1954, and is still working in Pavia. The necessity of isolation of the infective agent, in addition to the simple serologic study, was claimed by the observation of five cases of meningitis in young pigherds, in which L. canicola (instead of the more common L. pomona) was demonstrated and îelded from the CSF of a patient. In the field of veterinary medicine, the A. demonstrated the L. australis A as responsible of some cases of miscarriages in openair breeded cattle. In those cases the hedgehog (Erinaceus europeus) was the natural carrier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Leptospirosis and uveitis.

In 1976 we presented seven patients with anterior uveitis due to leptospirosis with positive serological tests. During the years 1975 to 1977 we had the opportunity to observe a further 16 cases. In most of these cases the serological tests were positive for more than one leptospira serotype--in one case even five. In all the follow-up cases during a period of two to seven months, there was complete recovery. We suggest that leptospirosis is a possibility which should not be overlooked in the diagnosis of anterior uveitis, especially bilateral, in young males working in field irrigation and dairy workers in known endemic areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Leptospirosis on the Island of Reunion. II. Animal leptospiroses].

Bovine leptospirosis is a typical form in the island of Reunion. It appears during the second part of the rain season. The clinical picture of equine leptospirosis is acute hepatonephritis. About 10 serogroups are found in bovines, with greater frequency for Sejroë and Hebdomadis. In horses, the prevailing serogroups are Autumnalis, Ballum, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis, Grippotyphosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Therapy and prevention of leptospirosis].

After a brief description of the experimental and clinical data on antibiotic treatment of leptospirosis, personal experience of 47 patients is reported. The administration of antibiotics to these patients with Weil's disease, lymphocytic meningitis or grippe-like syndrome began well after the onset of the infection and appeared to have little therapeutic effect. The symptomatic therapy of leptospirosis, especially in the form of Weil's disease with serious renal insufficiency is then referred to and the early use of peritoneal dialysis is recommended. General specific and immunizing (vaccination) prophylaxis procedures are then described.

Fever↗
PubMed1983

[Clinico-morphological characteristics of leptospirosis].

Observations in 5 patients dying with leptospirosis (at 6-30 days after the onset) caused by leptospira of the Hebdomadis serogroup are described. Bright jaundice developed due to severe serous liver centrilobular edema with pronounced dissociation of the liver cell bands, cholestasis, and cloudy swelling of hepatocytes. Albuminuria, oliguria, and uraemia were caused by acute tubular and interstitial nephritis. Hemorrhagic diathesis with small bleedings in the skin, mucous and serous membranes was associated with the impairment of permeability of microcirculatory vessels. Focal necroses of skeletal muscles, myocardiodystrophy, and focal myocarditis, serous leptomeningitis were also seen. Few leptospirae could be detected extracellularly (often attached to the outer host cell membranes) by Warthin-Starry's method of silver impregnation of paraffin sections and by indirect immunofluorescence, much more rarely could they be demonstrated by Levaditi's method of silver impregnation of pieces of the viscera. Most leptospirae were present in the liver in the case of death on the 6th day when no antibodies were yet present in the blood. Since the 9th day when the antibodies did appear, leptospirae gradually disappeared from the liver and were found in the kidneys. It is suggested that some leptospiral cytotoxic products play a role in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Leptospirosis of pig farmers: the results of a serological survey.

Serum samples were examined from 70 people working or resident on 41 pig farms within a 50 km radius of Palmerston North. Of the 65 people with occupational pig contact, 20 (31 percent) had microscopic agglutination titres of 1:24 or greater to one or more serovars of Leptospira interrogans, the majority of which were to pomona, the pid adapted serovar. There were significant positive associations between those people with a titre and those with a history of previous diagnosis of leptospirosis by a medical practitioner and the number of breeding sows and fattening pigs on the property. Pig farmers are at similar risk to contracting leptospirosis as dairy farmers, but the major serovars involved are different, and the total population at risk is less. Further evidence is provided that titres to leptospiral agglutinins can persist in humans for longer than ten years.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1982

The occupational hazards of leptospirosis in the meat industry.

The sera from 1215 meat inspectors and 1248 meat workers were examined for the presence of agglutinating titres of 1:24 or greater to the serovars of Leptospira interrogans known to be endemic in New Zealand. Although 10 percent of meat inspectors and 6.2 percent of meat workers were seropositive, only 9.5 percent of meat inspectors and 4.1 percent of meat workers had titres compatible with occupational exposure to domestic stock. The subgroup of meat workers with the highest prevalence of agglutinins (10.4 percent) were those working on the slaughter floor, and the inspection and processing of pigs were shown to be the most important risk factors. More than 50 percent of those with a history of medically confirmed leptospirosis in the past ten years still had detectable titres. Although the results of this survey demonstrate that leptospirosis is a definite occupational hazard in the meat industry, the risk is threefold less than for dairy farm workers and pig farmers.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Analysis of the antigeno-immunologic activity of heated leptospirosis vaccine in vaccinees and in an experimental study].

The comparative analysis of the immunological effectiveness of heat-killed polyvalent leptospirosis vaccine has shown the low immunological effectiveness of the whole preparation (17.8%) and its components with the exception of the antigen of the Grippotyphosa serogroup. Antibodies could be detected in the vaccinees for not more than 10 months, and they showed the properties of 19S-macroglobulin antibodies. In experiments on rabbits newly isolated Leptospira strains from human patients and wild rodents, homologous to the vaccinal strains, were found to considerably surpass the latter in their immunogenic properties; this was particularly manifest in strain "Tundra vole No. 180". The use of newly isolated Leptospira strains as vaccinal antigens is recommended. A modified heat-killed polyvalent leptospirosis vaccine should have less antigens, and the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the remaining antigens must be equivalent to those of the vaccinal antigen of Leptospira belonging to the Grippotyphosa serogroup.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis by enzyme-linked-immunosorrbent-assay (ELISA).

An enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) is described for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. Using an antigen prepared from a heated culture of a single leptospira strain (Wijnberg) the ELISA is a genusspecific test. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) served as a reference. ELISA and MAT results agreed in 95% of the sera from 96 leptospirosis patients. One false positive was found in 217 controls. The ELISA is sensitive, specific and relatively easy to perform.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1982

[Epidemiologic and clinical studies of 6 cases of leptospirosis from the province of Turin].

Six cases of leptospirosis from the outer suburbs of province of Turin are presented. Some epidemiological aspects are considered, and reference is made to the need for early diagnosis, along with prompt antibiotic management to ensure successful resolution. Mention is also made of the need for careful control of renal function, since its impairment is the most serious complication associated with leptospirosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Leptospirosis experience at Groote Schuur Hospital, 1969-1979.

The diagnosis of leptospirosis requires a high index of suspicion and a knowledge of the wide variety of syndromes with which these patients present. The clinical and laboratory features of 14 patients with leptospirosis seen at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, between 1969 and 1979 are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Human leptospirosis infective serogroups and serotypes in Jamaica.

Of a total of 5,021 samples of sera tested in Jamaica between 1960-1978, 651 (12.9%) were positive in significant to microscopic agglutination for leptospirosis. There were 50 (5.9%) positive isolates of 845 cultures. Six serogroups and 13 serotypes of pathogenic leptospiral strains were identified. The serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae serovar icterohaemorrhagiae accounted for 57% of infections and the serogroup hebdomadis, serovar jules accounting for 31% of cases. Human leptospirosis is grossly under-reported in Jamaica and only systematic surveys and surveillance can define the true incidence of the public health problem of this disease.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[A discussion on setting up target age group for immunization against leptospirosis].

This paper presented the lesson of setting up a false immunization priority age group for leptospirosis which failed to prevent the leptospirosis outbreak. Our experience was that in the rice paddy field type endemic area the priority age group for the vaccination against leptopirosis should be 15 to 34 year olds followed by 35 years old or above. There was no preventive effect in the vaccination for the children 14 years old or yaunger, to our observation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Behaviour of specific IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in human leptospirosis during the acute phase of the disease and during convalescence.

The behaviour of specific IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in human leptospirosis was studied by ELISA. Two groups of patients were followed up, 57 of them in the acute phase and 10 during convalescence, the latter with a mean follow-up of 10.5 months. IgM class antibodies were detected starting on the 2nd day of symptoms and were observed in 100% of patients up to the 5th month, in 66.7% up to the 7th month and in 50% up to the 12th month after the onset of symptoms. IgG class antibodies were first detected on the 7th day of symptoms in 9.1% of patients, with maximum reactivity (87.5%) between the 2nd and 3rd month, and were not detected at all in one patient. IgA class antibodies were detected starting on the 5th day of symptoms in 7.7% of patients, and in all patients on the 15th day, persisting in 100% of cases up to the 9th follow-up month. During the 12th month, they were observed in 83.3% of patients. The results indicate that an anti IgA ELISA could be of great value in seroprevalence studies on human leptospirosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[A clinico-epidemiological study of leptospirosis in adults in the province of Ciego de Avila].

A clinical epidemiological study of reported leptospirosis cases in adults in the period 1984-1988 in the province Ciego de Avila, Republic of Cuba, was conducted. The most frequent symptoms and signs were: fever, headache and arthralgia. Eighty-two percent of patient were anicteric. The most frequent presumptive diagnosis included leptospirosis, virosis, and febrile syndrome. Sporadic cases predominated over cluster cases. The incidence of cases was higher from October to December. Sixty-five percent of patients were 36 years old or less. The serogroups detected more frequently were Leptospira interrogans var. Australia and Leptospira interrogans var Pomona. The high range of diagnostic and presumptive approaches with cases show that most cases would go undetected if an active surveillance is not implemented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Inhibition of Na,K-ATPase by an endotoxin extracted from Leptospira interrogans: a possible mechanism for the physiopathology of leptospirosis.

Clinical manifestations of leptospirosis include disorders of the electrolytical balance which might be related to inhibition of Na,K-ATPase. Although the physiopathological cellular mechanism of leptospirosis remains unknown, a bacterial endotoxin has been incriminated. Therefore, we evaluated whether a glycolipoprotein fraction extracted from Leptospira interrogans and known to be cytotoxic might inhibit Na,K-ATPase. This glycolipoprotein fraction (GLP) inhibited Na,K-ATPase activity in rabbit kidney epithelial cells as well as Na,K-ATPase purified from rabbit kidney medulla. Inhibition was dose-dependent, and at maximum it almost abolished Na,K-ATPase activity whereas it had no effect on other enzymes. The GLP did not change the apparent affinity of Na,K-ATPase for potassium whereas it increased that for sodium, revealing a mechanism of inhibition different from that of ouabain. Finally, the inhibitory principle present in the GLP preparation was thermostable and was curtailed by the presence of albumin. In conclusion, a glycolipoproteic fraction extracted from Leptospira interrogans contains a specific inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase. This glycolipoproteic fraction which is present in diseased tissues might induce, through this inhibitor, cellular dysfunctions responsible for the symptoms, in particular those associated with electrolytical disorders such as disturbances of renal electrolyte handling, cardiac arrhythmia or diarrhoea.

Animals↗