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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1963

Sensitivity to drugs of Australian leptospiral serotypes.

The in vitro susceptibilities to antibiotics of stock strains of various Australian leptospiral serotypes were established. Leptospira pomona was highly susceptible to penicillin and erythromycin, susceptible to streptomycin and tetracyclines, but resistant to chloramphenicol and novobiocin. In general, the twelve serotypes tested were susceptible to streptomycin, penicillin and tetracycline, but L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. canicola and L. zanoni were more resistant than the other serotypes, especially to penicillin. A newly isolated strain of L. zanoni was more sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline than was the stock strain. Against L. australis high concentrations both of penicillin and of streptomycin were bactericidal. In lower concentrations penicillin was bacteriostatic. In high concentrations penicillin caused lysis of leptospirae, but streptomycin and the tetracyclines did not. These results do not agree well with those on the chemotherapy of experimental infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Effort to eradicate a focus of tularemia and leptospirosis].

An endemic area of tularemia and field fever was submitted to a complex surveillance over a period of more than 10 years. In 1977 an epizootic outbreak of tularemia appeared in all four localities studied. The infection rate in small mammals exceeded 10%. F. tularensis was isolated also from different species of ectoparasites. During 1978 the epizootic stopped in 3 foci, but continued to spread in one. Rodenticides (zinc phosphide) were therefore applied in this focus twice annually for 2 1/2 years. Since 1978, tularemia infections disappeared in small mammals as well as in man. The application of rodenticides did not influence the circulation of Leptospira grippotyphosa in small mammals. Their infection rate ranged between 3 and 6%. The reason for this striking difference is seen in the different pathogenesis and transmission of both infections.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Glycoproteins from Leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae: distribution in the liver and kidney of experimentally infected guinea pigs].

Tissue damage in leptospirosis has been ascribed to direct effect of the microorganisms and/or their virulence, including products synthetized by leptospires or released during their lysis. This study aimed at chemical extraction of the glycolipoprotein (GLP) from virulent leptospires, production of a rabbit anti-GLP and analysis of its distribution in liver and kidney of inoculated guinea-pigs, sacrificed sequentially from the 1st to 6th day of infection, covering the whole, spectrum of acute leptospirosis. The comparison of GLP expression to local injuries aimed at new pathogenetic data. GLP was detected in liver and kidney in 2 out of 6 guinea-pigs on the 5th day and in all 6 animals on the 6th day of infection. Granular forms were seen in the cytoplasm of macrophages, free in interstitium or adhered to endothelial and parenchymal cell membranes, especially in the most damaged sites. These findings lead us to the hypothesis of GLP as a toxic factor resulting from leptospiral lysis by macrophages. Although it was not proved as a promoter of initial lesions, it seems to be related to the enhancement of tissue damage late in the course of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Experimentally induced leptospirosis in coyotes (Canis latrans).

Infection of coyotes (Canis latrans) with Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, canicola, and copenhageni was accomplished by percutaneous inoculation. Bacteriologic, serologic, histopathologic, and fluorescent antibody techniques were used to investigate the infections. Leptospiremia was established with pomona. Leptospiruria was demonstrated with the three serovars. Serovar canicola was recovered from one coyote 134 days after it was inoculated.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A field investigation of causes of abortion in dairy cattle.

Cases of abortion on dairy farms on the Lancashire/Cumbria border were investigated by means of a systematic diagnostic procedure, using the facilities of a veterinary practice's laboratory, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food veterinary investigation centre. Among approximately 3600 animals, 149 abortions were investigated on 54 farms in two years, an annual abortion rate of 2 per cent. A diagnosis was made in 34 per cent of the cases, based on a pathological examination of aborted material and bacteriological and serological findings. The most common pathogens associated with abortion were bovine viral diarrhoea virus (39 cases), bacterial or fungal infections (20 cases), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (19 cases), and Leptospira hardjo (18 cases), either as single or multiple infections.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonsyphilitic spirochetosis in second-trimester fetuses.

Four female fetuses (17-23 weeks) spontaneously aborted by young women (15-19 years old) showed spirochetal microorganisms predominantly in the intestinal lumen and mucosa and to a much lesser extent in other organs. Fetal tissues showed a brisk lymphocytic-plasmacytic response in intestinal mucosa, lungs, and meninges in some cases. In all instances the placenta had chorioamnionitis and severe chronic villitis, with villous vasculitis in some. One fetus had a concomitant cytomegalovirus infection. The observed lesions were reminiscent of Treponema pallidum infections; however, the spirochetes were morphologically different by light and ultrastructural microscopy from T. pallidum and did not react with a silver-enhanced, gold-labeled anti-T. pallidum antibody. In addition, serologic tests for syphilis of the women before or after the abortions were nonreactive. On the basis of clinical pathologic considerations as well as the absence of immunostaining, it is possible also to rule out infections caused by Lyme and relapsing fever Borrelia, Leptospira, and Campylobacter. The spirochetes' prominent tropism for the intestinal tract raises the possibility of a congenital infection with gastrointestinal spirochetal species described in recent years. The placental findings suggest an ascending transamniotic infection, with initial colonization of the intestinal tract and systemic dissemination of the organisms in the fetus and placental villi.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1964

5-FLUOROURACIL AS A SELECTIVE AGENT FOR GROWTH OF LEPTOSPIRAE.

Johnson, Russell C. (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis), and Palmer Rogers. 5-Fluorouracil as a selective agent for growth of leptospirae. J. Bacteriol. 87:422-426. 1964.-The use of 5-fluorouracil (FU) as a selective agent for the growth of leptospirae was investigated. Both the growth rate and the final cell yield of Leptospira pomona were unaltered with FU added to the medium at concentrations varying from 50 to 1,000 mug/ml. Growth of this organism was initiated with as few as five organisms per ml in the FU medium. With C(14)-FU, it was demonstrated that FU was not incorporated into L. pomona nucleic acids. Other leptospirae tested grew normally in the presence of FU. By use of the FU medium, L. canicola was successfully isolated from contaminated urine of experimentally infected dogs. Also, contaminated cultures of leptospirae were purified by passage through the FU medium.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A polymerase chain reaction method for studying host persistence of pathogenic leptospira].

Polymerase chain reaction has for the first time been shown to be applicable to indication of Leptospira interrogans in the organs of infected animals with acute or chronic leptospirosis (on the model of golden syrian hamsters). Polymerase chain reaction is superior to microscopic and bacteriological analyses in identification of leptospirae in organ suspensions. The sensitivity of the technique is 1-10 cells per sample in studies of kidney or brain suspensions or 100-1000 cells in studies of liver suspensions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First isolation of bacteriophages for a spirochaete: potential genetic tools for Leptospira.

Three bacteriophages of the saprophytic aquicole bacterium Leptospira biflexa were isolated from sewage waters from the outskirts of Paris, France. These phages do not infect representative strains of the pathogenic species Leptospira interrogans, and their host range is restricted to serovar patoc of the saprophytic species. The phages were found to be lytic and no lysogenic state could be demonstrated. Electron micrographs showed that the phages were morphologically identical and had polyhedral heads and contractile tails. Their genomes were sensitive to restriction enzymes and consisted of double-stranded DNA. Pulsed-field agarose gel electrophoresis indicated that their genomes were linear: 60 kb for LE1 and 50 kb for LE3 and LE4.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Demonstration of intraocular leptospira in 4 horses suffering from equine recurrent uveitis (ERU)].

Vitreous samples from 43 horses which underwent vitrectomy because of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) were cultured for leptospires. Out of 4 vitreous samples (4/43 = 9%), leptospires could be isolated. In 3 cases, serovar grippotyphosa, and in one case, a serovar out of the serogroup Australis were identified. So for the first time, in several horses with ERU in vivo cultures of vitreous material were positive for leptospires. A strong evidence of association between leptospiral infection and uveitis is discussed for many years. In this investigation the leptospiral etiology is confirmed. Vitreous material from 42 and serum samples from 40 horses were tested for specific antibodies to leptospira by microagglutination test (MAT). In 34 vitreous samples (34/42 = 81%), leptospiral antibody titers of 1:50 or higher were detected. In 33 horses (33/40 = 83%) leptospiral antibody titers of 1:50 or higher could also be detected in the serum. Altogether, leptospiral antibodies were detected by the MAT in the serum and in the vitreous material of 39 of 43 horses (= 91%) subjected to vitrectomy. These results indicate, that ERU is probably often a sequel to systemic Leptospira interrogans infection. The presence of intact leptospires and specific antibodies in eyes affected with ERU indicates a local antibody production to leptospira organisms and/or their antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Sporadic case of leptospirosis].

The flood disaster involves the danger of development of dangerous epidemic and episodic events on leptospirotic endemic area in the nearest spring and summer. The authors present a case of severe hemolytic leptospirosis as a results of gastrointestinal tract infection of 3 strains of leptospira. Polymorphism leptospirotic symptoms were discussed. The authors suggest the concept of the influence of plasma betaphospho-lipoprotein deficiency on cytoplasmatic respiration and substrate phosphorylation of morphologic elements of the blood, vessel endothelium and stroma cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Immunogenicity and humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to leptospiral whole cell, outer envelope, and protoplasmic cylinder vaccines in hamsters and dogs.

The immunogenicity of 2 leptospiral cell structural components, the outer envelope (OE) and protoplasmic cylinder (PC), as well as the leptospire whole cell (WC), was compared in hamsters and dogs. The 50% protective dose for hamsters against death (PD50D) and kidney infection (PD50k) was evaluated for Leptospira interrogans serovars canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, and grippotyphosa. All 3 immunogens had similar PD50D values. However, the PD50K values for OE and WC vaccines ranged from 0.05 to 0.80 micrograms (dry weight), whereas the PC vaccines ranged from 7.0 to 14.0 micrograms. Cellular and humoral responses of dogs to serovar canicola WC, OE, and PC vaccines were monitored for 21 weeks. Little difference was observed among the canine humoral responses to the different preparations. Protoplasmic cylinder vaccines sensitized the greater population of lymphoid cells followed by OE and WC. Cross-reactivity was greater in the blastogenic response of lymphoid cell populations than in the humoral response.

Animals↗