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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The potential of medicine as a resource for philosophy.

In addition to the neglect of philosophy by medicine, emphasized in a recent editorial in this journal, there has been an equally important neglect of medicine by philosophy. Philosophy stands to gain from medicine in three respects: in materials, the conceptual difficulties arising in the practice of medicine being key data for philosophical enquiry; in methods, these data, through their problematic character, being ideally suited to the technique of linguistic analysis; and in results, the practical requirements of medicine placing a direct demand for progress on philosophical theory. The future of the relationship between philosophy and medicine depends on the development of a positive two-way trade between them.

Ethical Theory↗
PubMed1992

Determinants of hospital ethics committee success.

In December 1990, an empirical study assessing hospital ethics committee (HEC) success was completed. Success was measured in terms of the number of interventions undertaken by the committees in four functional areas: education, guidelines development, prospective and retrospective case review. Some commonly quoted success determinants, such as multidisciplinarity, physician chairpersons, and a high institutional status of the chairperson were found not to foster success; the latter two, actually decreased committee success.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1994

The resurgence of nature-speak.

In contemporary bioethics, two vocabularies can be distinguished: person-speak and nature-speak. The first is built around the claim that a person's moral decisions are to be respected, while the other stands on the claim that moral decisions should comply with standards for human behaviour conveyed by nature. While most bioethicists have obtained a thorough mastery of person-speak, they are considerably less well-versed in nature-speak. Apparently, the latter has lost much of its former ability to capture important aspects of moral existence. In this paper I attempt to rehabilitate nature-speak from a hermeneutical perspective. I believe that the task of ethics is to enlarge our range of moral description and to rediscover neglected ways of speaking about human experience. The ethicist should enable individuals in health care settings to become more articulate about their moral experience. He should not content himself with applying those moral vocabularies which happen to be readily available, but should rather proceed by recovering forgotten vocabularies from within the philosophical tradition. Finally, one particular effort at restoring nature-speak is critically reviewed.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1994

Doubts about medical humanities.

Editor's Introduction: The teaching of analytical skills to health workers takes many different forms, and is done in widely divergent institutions and cultures. In recent years medical humanities has been one of the most strongly advocated additions to the undergraduate medical curriculum (the medical humanities were championed in the previous issue of Health Care Analysis). However, in this issue, the discipline is taken to task.

Bioethics↗
PubMed1996

Designing ethicists.

In the United States, disturbing concerns pertaining to both how putative bioethicists are perceived and the potential for the abuse of their power in connection with these perceptions compel close examination. This paper addresses these caveats by examining two fundamental and interrelated components in the image-construction of the ethicist: definitional and contextual. Definitional features reveal that perceptions and images of the ethicist are especially subject to distortion due to a lack of clarity as to the nature and qualifications of the ethicist. Furthermore, the clinical, professional, political, academic, and linguistic contexts in which these ethicists are engaged are contexts of disquieting degrees of power. I argue that the lack of definitional clarity as to what constitutes an ethicist combined with the above volatile contexts together set the stage for the abuse of power on the part of ethicists. Throughout, I question the extent of self-critical analyses among ethicists, and, in view of these components in image-construction and their relationship to power, I challenge the degree of integrity within the field. In conclusion, I propose some areas for further investigation.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed1994

Psychosocial knowledge and allopathic medicine: points of convergence and departure.

The past 15 years have witnessed a call for allopathic medicine to incorporate psychosocial perspectives into education and clinical practice. While a biopsychosocial perspective has influenced academic medicine in areas such as primary care and psychiatry, its direct impact on clinical medicine has been questionable. One barrier to the incorporation of psychosocial information into medicine which has only recently received attention has been different cultural assumptions which govern medicine versus the social-behavioral sciences. These assumptions are examined in the context of four issues: knowledge paradigms, models of education, acculturation of psychosocial knowledge into medicine, and patient autonomy. This cultural analysis provides a vantage point for understanding similarities as well as points of divergence between psychosocial and biomedical knowledge and practice.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed1995

Evoking the moral imagination: using stories to teach ethics and professionalism to nursing, medical, and law students.

Four years ago, as colleagues in our university's law and medical schools, we designed and began offering a course for law, medical, and nursing students, studying professionalism and professional ethics by reading and discussing current and earlier images of nurses, doctors, and lawyers in literature. We wanted to make professional ethics, professional culture, and professional education the objects of study rather than simply the unreflective consequences of exposure to professional language, culture, and training. We wanted to do it in an interdisciplinary course where aspiring professionals could share their self-conceptions and their conceptions of each other, and we wanted to do it by using stories, our primary means for organizing experience and claiming meaning for it. This article tells the story of that experience: why we did it; how we did it; what we learned from doing it.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2005

[Supportive care in radiation oncology].

Over the past two decades radiation oncology has evolved into a high-technology, multi-disciplinary field of medicine which requires not only the command of highly complex modes of treatment but also the grouping together of skilled teams of medical professionals who are able to provide individualized assistance to the cancer patient. Supportive care in Radiation Oncology integrates key aspects of diagnosis and treatment with the objective of alleviating physical and psycho-social co-morbidities inherent in the disease, as well as the treatment of the cancer. This article addresses the impact of treatment on the individual and the issues facing health-provision professionals who provide clinical and supportive care. Future directions for clinical development are discussed.

Comorbidity↗