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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Osteogenic sarcoma of the humerus after cobalt plaque treatment for retinoblastoma.

A 13-year-old boy developed an osteogenic sarcoma of the right humerus ten years after treatment for bilateral retinoblastoma. The bilateral retinoblastoma has been managed with enucleation of one eye and successful treatment of the solitary tumor in the other eye with a single application of a local 10-mm round cobalt plaque. Patients with bilateral retinoblastoma have a significant (15 to 20%) chance of developing a second, nonocular, neoplasm. These neoplasms have occurred from one to 42 years after the treatment for retinoblastoma. The most common of these tumors is an osteogenic sarcoma; it may occur after external beam irradiation, local cobalt plaque, or no irradiation. The tumors may be in the skull or at distant sites whether or not these patients receive radiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus in adults.

Intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus in adults are difficult fractures to treat because of their rarity and associated significant comminution. The results of managing these fractures non-operatively are limited by failure to get anatomical reduction and early mobilization, which often results in painful stiff elbow and/or pseudarthrosis. Hence an operative management with anatomical reduction of the fragments becomes the treatment of choice for these fractures. The experience of managing 20 such fractures by open reduction and internal fixation with early mobilization is presented. Nineteen of these fractures attained acceptable results, 15 of which were graded as excellent in the final outcome. This study attempts to rationalize the operative management of these fractures regarding choice of surgical approach, choice of implants and timing of mobilization of elbow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Management of metastatic lesions of the humerus.

The management of patients with metastatic disease in the humerus requires consideration of many factors. A careful evaluation of the patient's general condition, an understanding of the disease process, an appreciation of the degree of bone destruction, and a working knowledge of available treatment options are required. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to determine the course of treatment that best alleviates pain, preserves function, and optimizes the quality of life remaining in the patient with metastatic disease.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

[Aggressive aneurysmal bone cyst of the humerus in a child].

A 9-year-old child presented an aggressive aneurysmal bone cyst of the humerus. Despite multiple treatments (intracystic steroid injections, curettage, Ethibloc injection), the lesion continued to progress. Surgical treatment was undertaken at the age of 19 years and enabled total tumor resection associated with reconstruction with a vascularized fibular flap. Five years later, the patient was free of recurrence. The graft was well integrated and shoulder function was normal. We present the diagnostic difficulties encountered in this case and discuss the therapeutic options. Biopsy is indispensable before instituting treatment.

Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal↗
PubMed1997

Combined Sever's release of the shoulder and osteotomy of the humerus for Erb's palsy.

In children with Erb's palsy who do not recover fully, the most common residual deformity is internal rotation-adduction contracture of the shoulder. Surgical correction of this contracture is described in this paper in 12 consecutive patients by combined Sever's release of the shoulder and osteotomy of the humerus. After an average follow-up of 3 years, the average gain of active external rotation of the shoulder was 32 degrees and average gain of active abduction was 61 degrees.

Brachial Plexus Neuritis↗
PubMed1979

Malignant tumor of humerus with features of "adamantinoma" and Ewing's sarcoma.

This female patient was born in 1935 and died in 1976 with a malignant bone tumor involving the proximal humerus following multiple local recurrences, axillary lymph node metastases, and pulmonary metastases. Histologically, over the course of time, there was an increase in features of an atypical Ewing's sarcoma, at the expense of findings of a typical, extra-cranial so-called adamantinoma. In contrast to another report, our case showed neither epithelial nor endothelial features on fine structural examination, but rather primitive mesenchymal cells, as is described for Ewing's sarcomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Osteometric variation in the humerus: sexual dimorphism in South Africans.

There has been a surge of research on forensic anthropology in South Africa. Differences between the populations of this country and others are demonstrated in many studies. Yet, many forensic osteometric techniques based on other populations are still in use. The purpose of the present study is to develop an osteometric sex determination technique using the humerus. The sample is composed of skeletons of 104 whites and 88 blacks from the Dart and Pretoria collections. Six humeral dimensions were initially analyzed using stepwise discriminant function statistics. Humeral head diameter, deltoid tuberosity circumference and epicondylar breadth were individually calculated in order to make the technique usable for fragmented remains. The results indicated that the head and epicondylar diameters are the best in whites to differentiate sexes from each other, while head diameter and maximum length are best in blacks. Accuracy of correct classification was as high as 96% in whites and 95% in blacks. Crossvalidation provided the same accuracy as the original classification. These accuracy percentages are as high as those expected from the femur and tibia. Posterior probability, which measures the percent affiliation of the sample with its original sex group, was also mostly 80% or better. South African collections are ideal for osteometric analysis, because they are still growing in numbers with cross-sectional representatives from the country.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Neurokinin 1-receptors and sensory neuropeptides in tendon insertions at the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus. Studies on tennis elbow and medial epicondylalgia.

There is no information on the sensory innervation at the flexor muscle origin at the medial epicondyle of the humerus and it is not known if substance P receptors (Neurokinin 1-receptors, NK1-R) are present in tendon insertions in general. In the present investigation, we have studied the muscle origin in patients suffering from medial epicondylalgia and tennis elbow. Immunohistochemistry and antibodies to substance P (SP) and CGRP as well as the general nerve marker PGP 9.5 were used. Specific immunoreactions were observed in nerve bundles and as free nerve fibers. The immunoreactive structures were partly seen in association with some of the blood vessels. The observations constitute a morphological correlate for the occurrence of nerve mediated effects in this region. By using immunohistochemistry and antibodies to NK1-R, the distribution of this receptor was studied at the insertion of the proximal tendon of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle at the lateral epicondyle. Specific immunoreactions were seen as varicose fibers occurring as single fibers or grouped into bundles, indicating that SP has effects in the nerves in this region. The results give further evidence for a possible neurogenic involvement in the pathophysiology of tennis elbow and in medial epicondylalgia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasmacytoma of the proximal humerus.

This is the case report of a 67-year-old man who developed a solitary lytic lesion of the proximal humerus. Through further studies that included MR imaging of the affected upper extremity and biopsy, a final diagnosis of plasmacytoma was given. We present the clinical, imaging, and histologic findings and review the general characteristics of this neoplastic condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Anomalous course of the median nerve medial to the trochlea and anterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.

It is generally assumed that in the cubital region the median nerve is directly medial to the brachial artery and that it lies anterior to the trochlea of the humerus, from which it is separated by the brachialis muscle. Three instances are noted where the median nerve passed medial to the trochlea and anterior to the medial epicondyle, deep to the pronator teres, unilateral in one subject and bilateral in another. Its possible significance in elbow trauma is commented upon.

Cadaver↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coronal plane geometry of the proximal humerus relevant to prosthetic arthroplasty.

Most prosthetic designs for the replacement of the proximal humerus have one head shaft angle and several head sizes allowing limited replication of the anatomy. The necessity for press fit designs to follow the reamed canal adds an additional constraint. To better understand these limitations, this study measures proximal humeral anatomy in relationship to the surgically reamed canal. Measurements were made from radiographs of 21 humeri. Radius of curvature averaged 25.3 mm, head height 18.5 mm, head-shaft angle 40.7 degrees, and offset 9.7 mm. Longer humeri had proportionally larger shafts and larger heads (r = 0.7, p < 0.0005). Proximal humeral anatomy is extremely variable. The relatively fixed geometry of most prosthetic systems limits the surgeon's ability to replicate the original anatomy. As a generalization for existing press fit, modular systems, the surgeon must either position a similarly sized prosthetic articular surface superomedial to that of the original anatomy or use one with less articular surface area.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraarticular osteoid osteoma of the distal humerus.

Osteoid osteoma is a small, benign, and painful tumor most commonly affecting the extraarticular portions of the long bones, especially the femur or tibia. Osteoid osteoma of the elbow is uncommon. In this article a 19-year-old man with an osteoid osteoma of the distal humerus is presented to illustrate the diagnostic problems and unusual radiographic features of an intraarticular osteoid osteoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Shoulder and humerus trauma.

Three bones and two joints comprise the pectoral girdle. These are the clavicle, scapula, proximal humerus, acromioclavicular joint, and shoulder joint. The pectoral girdle binds the upper extremity to the torso. Thus, injury to any of the pectoral girdle's components can impact the function of the entire extremity. The spectrum of pectoral girdle injuries ranges from a simple acromioclavicular joint sprain to scapulothoracic dissociation. Whereas the former is a painful but self-limiting injury with minimal sequelae, the latter is life threatening. However, the severity of most pectoral girdle injuries lies between these two extremes. Fractures and dislocations are common in this region throughout life, and a clear understanding of the patterns of injury and their radiographic spectrum is essential for all radiologists who deal with trauma.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMed2006

Limb salvage in proximal humerus malignant tumors: the place of free vascularized fibular graft.

Limb-salvage surgery has become a safe and well-established alternative to amputations for malignant tumors of the proximal humerus. The authors describe six cases with favorable restoration of the upper limb following tumor resection type IB Malawer and proximal humeral reconstruction by vascularized fibula graft (VFG) as a primary or secondary procedure. A scapulofibular arthrodesis was elected in all cases. A special custom-made plate was used in four cases. One patient required a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap for better coverage. Serial x-rays assessed the bone union. Neither flap necrosis nor sepsis phenomena were noted. Stress fracture was the only complication. This was encountered in two cases. Every patient was reviewed and assessed by the Enneking score. The average score was 21.8. The average follow-up was 5-years. A good quality of life was preserved due to reliable mobility of the elbow and the hand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrasound determination of the humerus retrotorsion angle. An experimental and clinical study].

We examined the value of ultrasound to determine the retroversion of the humerus in an experimental and clinical study. In twenty human upper arms of corpses the retroversion angle was measured by ultrasound and by direct means using a paralellograph. The angle was also evaluated by sonography and CAT scan in 7 patients, and in 6 patients by sonography and x-ray. There was a poor correlation between sonographic measurement and direct measurement, CAT scan, or x-ray. Hence, we do not recommend sonography as a useful tool in preoperative planning. For this purpose, CAT scan or x-ray should be preferred. However, sonography may be useful for screening.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Is reliable prediction of expected birth weight possible with the sonographically imaged fetal parameters of the biparietal diameter, thoracic diameter and length of the humerus? A prospective study of 285 pregnant patients].

From 1.10.83 to 1.10.85 diagrams of bpd (biparietal-diameter); thorax-d and the length of the humerus were made by single measurements in 285 pregnant women with exact gestational age and sonoanatomical parameters in the first trimenon. The expected individual birth weight at delivery was to be estimated by the degree of individual deviation from these three normal diagrams. There are statistically clear relations between all the three parameters and the factual birth weights if the delivery is around the normal date of delivery. However, the prediction is only a qualitative, not an exactly quantitative one. The bpd seems to be the best one because of its lowest degree of statistical deviations. An early diagnosis of "small-for-gestational-age"-children, at least with these three parameters, remains uncertain, if not impossible. The average duration of pregnancy in our patients was not 280 days p.m., but less: (280)-1.23 days p.m. in the group of statistically "purified" patients (i.e. premature newborn under 2500 gr. and Caesarean-section newborn excluded) and (280)-2.32 days in the group of statistically "not purified" patients.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Computerized tomography measurement of humerus torsion].

The angle of humeral torsion may be determined in living subjects by computerised axial tomography, in conjunction with immobilisation of the arm on a rigid board. Transverse scans of each humerus through the proximal and distal ends were obtained in 28 control subjects. The mean angle of torsion was found to be 62.8 degrees with a range of 40 degrees (minimal value 42 degrees, maximal value 82 degrees). These figures were comparable to results obtained by other authors. The wide spread of the measured values allows the clinical application of the humeral torsions exclusively in relation with the contra-lateral side for preoperative planning.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Computer tomography determination of the torsion angle of the humerus].

A simple and easy method of CT-measurement of humeral torsion is proposed. This requires a transverse section of the proximal and distal epiphyses. The optimal site of cross-sectioning with reliable construction of the joint axis was determined in ten humeral bones. The variability of the angle was 2 to 3 degrees. Comparing CT-measurements in 50 humeri with anthropometry showed excellent correlation. Varation in humeral torsion on either side was approx. 50 degrees with the same mean value in right and left humeri of our specimens. Deviations in bone positioning within the gantry of up to 15 degrees in two different planes had little effect on the measurements. Habitual dislocation of the shoulder as well as assessment of postfractural malrotation of the humerus might be indications for measurement of humeral torsion.

Humans↗