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PubMedDate not supplied

Neuropsychological and functional measures of severity in Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, and semantic dementia.

Many studies attempting to compare the clinical features in different dementia syndromes have attempted to control for overall disease severity using neuropsychological or functional measures. However, these measures may not give equivalent estimates of disease severity. We examined a functional measure of severity (Clinical Dementia Rating scale [CDR] scores) in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD, n = 23), frontotemporal dementia (FTD, n = 24), and semantic dementia (SD, n = 25) who were matched for age and Mini-Mental State Examination (a neuropsychological measure of severity). Total CDR scores were significantly worse in the FTD group compared with both AD and SD patients, whose total CDR scores were similar to each other. FTD showed no difference in memory or orientation compared with AD but did show more impairment in judgment and problem solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, and personal care compared with AD and SD. Thus, in FTD the CDR reveals functional impairments in a wide variety of domains that are more severe than those seen in AD or SD patients with an equivalent Mini-Mental State Examination.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

[Microbiological conservation medicine and exotic pets].

The keeping and the breeding of exotic pets in privacy is a hobby with increasing popularity in industrialised countries. The growing demand for animals usually imported from the tropics, the growing demand for unprofessionally bred feeder organisms, and the increasing number of cases of faulty caring behaviour lead to the creation of new infectiological niches in the interface between exotic pet--nurse--feed--vivarium. These niches are filled preferably by ubiquitous, facultative pathogenic, stress- and age-deduced opportunists with a broad host spectrum. On the one hand these extraordinary germ faunas, relating to their compositions, may generate broad relevance in human medicine, lead to bizarre clinical pictures in specific cases, and may contribute to a reduction of the mean span of life of exotic pets kept in human care. On the other hand the quantitative composition of the fauna may also be a direct measure of the degree of stress the pets are suffering in captivity. Thus, a professional designation of the germ fauna of an exotic pet may contribute to an optimisation of the captivity conditions.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2005

[A preparatory course for retirement by the Israeli Medical Association].

OBJECTIVE: Retirement can be traumatic, and physicians are not immune. The Israeli Medical Association (IMA) has been conducting a preparatory course for retirement for its members reaching retirement. The objective of the present study was to survey the characteristics of participating physicians, to map their activities following retirement, to gauge their appreciation of the course, and to assess their willingness to continue their association with the IMA. METHODS: Questionnaires were mailed to 210 attendees of the IMA course in 2000-2002, and responses were tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS: The response rate was 33%--40 male and 30 female physicians, and 75% of them were still working at the time of response. They classified their quality-of-life as appropriate (70%), modest (2%), and unfitting (27%). Continued work was directly related to the preservation of fitting lifestyle (p < 0.0001), and of the 17 physicians not working only 4 defined their quality of living as suitable. Of the respondents, 83% were in good health, 50% needed medical attention, and 77% received proper care. The vast majority spent time with family and friends, reading, listening to music, going on trips and cultural events and engaged in sports; the minority spent time learning, busy with hobbies or volunteer work. Approximately half of the respondents attended continuing medical education classes. Much satisfaction was recorded for most activities, but television, friends, volunteer work or continuing education were only partly enjoyable. The IMA preparatory course was satisfactory according to 94% of the respondents, but many requested to broaden its scope. Over 92% wanted to maintain an "open-line" with the IMA, for obtaining information, counseling, and participation in social activities and continuing education. The majority was willing to volunteer in the IMA. No gender bias was found in most of the responses. CONCLUSION: This preliminary survey of physician retirement in Israel found that once physicians ceased working, many considered their life quality unfitting. The need to remain associated with the IMA is indicative of the large social and emotional importance of this membership.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Occupational asthma due to cyanoacrylate: a case-report].

BACKGROUND: An increased use of acrylic compounds is observed in different industries, home repairs and hobbies. These compounds are known to cause skin sensitisation, irritation of mucous membranes and bronchial asthma. Methyl cyanoacrylate is moderately likely to be a sensitizer, while ethyl cyanoacrylate might be a weak sensitizer. OBJECTIVES: Clinical evaluation of a case of occupational asthma due to cyanoacrylate. METHODS: A female worker, aged 32 years, used ethyl cyanoacrylate daily. After 2 months she experienced dry cough and shortness breath. Some weeks later she developed bronchial asthma. The diagnosis of occupational asthma was based on the work-related symptoms and the inhalation challenge test result. RESULTS: A late asthmatic response was observed with a maximum fall in FEV1 of 26% 345 minutes after exposure. Complete clinical and functional recovery was observed after inhalation of a broncho-dilating agent. CONCLUSIONS: Acrylates are new occupational sensitising agents, causing rhinitis and asthma. It is not possible to perform prick tests or specific IgE measurements for these compounds. The bronchial challenge test is therefore the sole valid test for the diagnosis of occupational asthma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing considerations for people with Marfan syndrome.

People with Marfan syndrome present with a range of health problems that require specialised nursing, medical and surgical care. They face many challenges throughout their lives - some of which may be life-threatening - and require continuing support and education from a specialist team. Nurses play a pivotal role in the care of people with Marfan syndrome and their families, encompassing not only medical and surgical interventions, but aspects of lifestyle such as diet, exercise and hobbies, as well as family planning and psychological well-being.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Animal welfare aspects regarding the raising of breeding ostriches in Germany].

The commercial housing of African Ostriches in Germany for the breed and meat production still represents a disputed topic under the criterion of the animal's welfare. Above all critics state that the frequently wet-cold weather in Germany impairs the well-being and health of the animals. So far however there are just a few scientifically documented data about requirements for housing conditions of ostriches in Central Europe and thus hardly answers whether housing in Germany is possible under the criteria of the animal's welfare. This study tried to evaluate ostrich housing under South German climatic conditions (Rhine level), on the basis of behavioral observations of breeding ostriches. The use of the stable and the influence of different climatic parameters on the behavior were considered. In addition the behavior of 18 adult animals in 5 breeding groups from January to December 2002 was observed. Parallel various climatic data were raised. The housing of the animals took place in open stables with unrestricted pasture possibility. The ostriches reacted in their behavior to different climatic conditions. Particularly at cold weather and adverse soil conditions they used the open stable increasingly as weather protection. In addition, with increased wind velocities the animals spent more time in the stables. The daily amount of precipitation showed no influence on the frequency or duration of the stable use. Rainfall did not animate the animals to look for protection within the stable, but more to set itself on the ground in the external enclosure. The locomotion activity of the animals was strongly in dependence to the reproduction time and the territorial behavior and therefore highest in spring. On cold days the animals performed their reproduction behavior mainly in the stable. For the comfort behaviour distinct weather dependence was seen particularly for sand bathing. Warm temperatures and dry sand were the preconditions for it. Regarding the results it seems, that with the conditions existing on the examined farm, housing of ostriches under respect of animal welfare in Germany is possible. New regulations are to be demanded, adjusted to the newest level of knowledge about ostrich husbandry, with requirements for care, support, accommodation and nutrition of the animals as well as about the qualification of the owners. An occasional hobby animal husbandry limited to few single ostriches is to be rejected. Further scientific investigations at other farms, possibly also under variable climatic conditions are however necessary.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2004

[The Republic of Letters and French physicians on the eve of the French Revolution: the case of Esprit Calvet].

In the broad Republic of Letters of the second half of the eighteenth century, physicians played an important but singular role. The majority of them were forced to earn their daily bread, so only belonged to the Republic in their leisure hours. Inhabiting a double universe--the everyday world of their profession and the more refined world of their intellectual hobbies--they had to negotiate continually between the two. This liminal position of the citizen-physician is recaptured in this article through the example of a physician of the Midi, Esprit Calvet of Avignon (1728--1810). Calvet left a huge correspondence, thanks to which this duality between the practising physician and the citizen of the Republic of Letters can be studied in detail. On the one hand, this is a correspondence between the physician and his patients, augmented by letters between the physician and other physicians on medical topics. On the other hand, it is a correspondence between the physician and other men of science on non-medical subjects (archaeology, botany, bibliophily, poetry, etc.).

Correspondence as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Individual quality of life following radical prostatectomy in men with prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the individual quality of life (QoL) of men following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. The following research questions were addressed: (a) What are the most important areas of quality of life for men following radical prostatectomy? (b) How do these men rate their satisfaction in each area and what is the relative importance of each area to their overall quality of life? METHODS: The purposive sample consisted of 11 men with prostate cancer who had undergone a radical prostatectomy 3 to 4 months earlier. QoL was examined using the SEIQoL-DW (Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual QoL: A Direct Weighting Procedure). The data were analyzed by means of qualitative content analysis (five most important QoL areas). FINDINGS: The 11 respondents named a total of 55 QoL areas which they described and labelled. They then rated their current satisfaction in each area, and how important each one was to them. A second analysis of the content was made to identify the main QoL areas. The 55 quality of life areas mentioned by respondents were reduced to the following categories: health, activity, family, relationship with a partner, autonomy, independence, hobby, financial security, and sexuality. Health, family, and relationship with a partner are the thee areas which had the most impact on QoL. Overall, the respondents had a high quality of life value. Impotence and incontinence did not appear to have a very negative impact on quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: SEIQoL-DW was used for the first time in patients with prostate cancer. In a urology department where nurses and patients are confronted daily with the topics of intimacy, sexuality, and sense of embarrassment, more importance should be placed on the topic of sexuality when taking a patient history. Nurses should be trained in communication techniques that enable them to engage patients in a safe and therapeutic dialogue about their sexual concerns related to the diagnosis of prostate cancer. SEIQoL-DW can support the communication with patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

The role of a therapeutic team and The Pol-Ilko Association in readaptation of patients with a stoma to the life in a family and society in the 21st century.

Patients who crossed operation where exteriorization stoma was integral her part the aside from of cause, location and far-gone of illness which hereinto brought require special care. In moment of entry we to European Union should advert on introduction by us the surgeons of new operating techniques not only, but to attach importance to quality of sick's life after operations also, particularly these which violate beauty of our body. They are of the patients' groups the nation from stoma, particularly if cause the exteriorization stoma the state the neoplasmic disease of alimentary canal or arrangement urinary. The stay in Clinic whether the surgical squad, perspective of operation which is final effect producing artificial accompanying urinary content tract intestinal or fecal it joins with high-level of phobia. The Information Bureau for Stoma in year 1993 at Medical University was created and on the basis of this the information bureau the therapeutic complex worked out own model of these patients' care over group. The model of care over sick from stomy hugs three periods: preoperative, early and late surgical period (ambulant). On the basis of The Information Bureau from Stoma in 1994 year The Department was created of Podlasie the Society of Care over Patients from Stoma in Bialystok--association of working on thing sick's good. Organization this assembles from stomy the men, their family and guardians, workers of medical service and different men of good will. Meetings are forms of working, which performance of bothering patient's problems connected with nurturing and supply stomy is aim, and also psychical and help support in readaptation to life in family, company and society. The volunteers' training is to help different form of working this sick's group. Volunteer in this case--then living from stomy over year happily, adopted to life in every respect, person which exemplifies for sick prepared to operation positive (exteriorization stoma) or beginning one's "path stoma". Both the analysis and opinion of work of therapeutic complex, as and the workings The Association be made by only patients, their family and guardians, and also the workers of medical service. The elaborate model of care over sick from stoma on the basis of Information Bureau is accepted universally and resoluteness improves quality of life of this patients' group. Patient in XXI age from stomia on Podlasie it can appropriately living in family, work professionally, grow sport and hobby not only thanks to work therapeutic complex, but also and men who earlier found oneself in similar situation, as he alone.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

The certified registered nurse anesthetist: occupational responsibilities, perceived stressors, coping strategies, and work relationships.

A qualitative inquiry was launched to explore occupational stress among Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs). The purpose of this study was to examine how job-related stress manifests itself among CRNAs regarding their ability to relate to their peers. Twenty CRNAs and 15 of their coworkers from North Carolina and Tennessee participated in the study. To help confirm emerging findings, data triangulation (ie, semistructured interviews, clinical observations, and artifact data) was used to answer 4 research questions. Perceived occupational-related stressors identified by the CRNAs pertained to patient care, anesthesia work in general, job relationships, inadequate surgical preparation, the operating room environment, and physical stressors. Staying focused on patient care, the use of humor, verbalization and internalization of concerns, and adopting personal hobbies were identified as coping mechanisms to combat work-related stress. Moreover, 6 major themes surfaced after analyzing the data using the constant comparative method. The findings underscore that the shortage of registered nurses and anesthetists needs to be addressed to more effectively tackle the participants' perceived stressors. Employers can adopt concrete measures in assisting CRNAs with handling occupational stress, such as offering mandatory in-servicing and adequate time to attend in-servicing.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Health-related quality of life after the surgical treatment of obesity.

The aim of the study is to answer the question: what is the range and character of changes within health-related quality of life (HRQL) in obese patients who have undergone surgical treatment (VBG - vertical banded gastroplasty or RYGBP - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) in the period of three and six months after operation? Three groups of patients participated in the study: G I (n=33; BMI 49.90 +/- 6.74 kg/m(2)) - tested prior to the operation, G II (n=17; BMI 34.26 +/- 5.28 kg/m(2)) - tested six months after the operation, and G III (n=11) - examined prior to the operation (BMI 45.72 +/- 5.27 kg/m(2)) as well as three months after the operation (BMI 36.10 +/- 4.60 kg/m(2)). The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) questionnaire was used as an indicator of HRQL. Surgical treatment of obesity resulted in significant positive changes in relation to the basic dimensions of NHP: energy, pain, physical mobility and in the influence of the current health state on selected spheres of life: paid employment, jobs around the house, social life, sex life, interests and hobbies, holidays. Significant changes in HRQL resulting from bariatric surgery occur in a relatively short period of time and are related not only to physical but also to social functioning.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Control of avian influenza in Italy: from stamping out to emergency and prophylactic vaccination.

Since 1997, north-eastern Italy has been repeatedly challenged by avian influenza (AI) infections caused by viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes. The penetration of such infections in the industrial circuit in densely populated poultry areas (DPPAs) resulted in massive spread, and early attempts to control AI only by stamping-out and restriction policies resulted in death or culling of millions of birds. The re-emergence or the introduction of AI viruses in the same DPPA resulted in the development of an emergency vaccination programme based on the use of heterologous vaccination and a companion discriminatory test. By enabling the detection of field exposure in vaccinated animals, the application of this system, in conjunction with a monitoring programme and a well-defined territorial strategy has resulted in the eradication of H7N1 and H7N3 epidemics that occurred between 2000 and 2004. Retrospective analysis of the AI outbreaks in north-eastern Italy coupled with surveillance programmes in wild birds and in hobby flocks indicating that certain areas are at continuous high risk of infection, was the rationale for developing and implementing a bivalent H5/H7 pilot vaccination programme in a restricted area of the DPPA. Laboratory and field evidence indicate that vaccinated animals are more resistant to challenge and shed lower amounts of virus, thus acting as a tool for both prevention and control, thus limiting the impact of AI infections.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Study on blood lead level and related risk factors among children aged 0-6 years in 15 cities in China].

OBJECTIVE: To observe blood lead level and related risk factors among children aged 0-6 years old living in cities in China and to provide data for policy development to the prevention on environmental lead pollution. METHODS: A stratified-clustered-random sampling method was used. 17 141 peripheral blood samples of 0-6 years old children from 15 cities in China were tested. Tungsten atomizer absorption spectrophotometer was employed to determined the blood lead level. Related factors were also studied using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed on related risk factors that affecting blood lead levels through multiple regression method. RESULTS: The mean blood lead level of 0-6 years old children from 15 cities in China was 59.52 microg/L including 10.45% of those > or =100 microg/L, and 0.62% > or = 200 microg/L. However, the blood lead levels seemed to have had a trend of increase parallel to age among 0-6 years-old children and were higher for boys (59.50 microg/L) than girls (54.95 microg/L). The risk factors which influenceing children's blood lead levels would include the type of housing, parent's education levels, social status and hobby, children's behavior habit, dieting habit and nutritional condition. CONCLUSION: The blood lead levels of children in China were lower than data gathered from former national studies but higher than those from developed countries, suggesting that the. Government and the whole society should be aware of the problem on lead poisoning among children during their childhood.

Child↗
PubMed2006

[Study of influences of social support and social networks on participation in periodic health examination of the elderly at home comparison of three regions with different social backgrounds].

PURPOSE: Periodic health examination are presumed to be important with respect to the well-being of aged individuals. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between elderly at home accepting periodic health examination and their social support and social networks. METHOD: The survey was performed targeting so-called young elderly persons living at home in 3 regions in Hokkaido Prefecture, a large city (Sapporo), an ex-coalmining town (Yuubari) and a small farming town (Takasu). The study populations were asked about social support and social networks, and the Mantel-Haenszel method was applied to analyze the data. RESULTS: 1) Both males and females who received periodic health examination within the last one year (participants) were members of various groups, such as neighborhood societies, clubs for the elderly and so on, and were more interested in public magazines and political issues than those who had never received periodic health examination (non-participants). Elderly males who accepted periodic health examination were those who were interested in elections, who had a hobby, and who thought that life was worthwhile. 2) Both elderly males and females who accepted periodic health examination were those who had friends, and elderly males who accepted periodic health examination were those who had close relatives and who lived in a friendly neighborhood. 3) Elderly males who accepted periodic health examination were more likely to both receive and supply instrumental and emotional support in interaction with others.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Academic performance and scientific involvement of final year medical students coming from urban and rural backgrounds.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the academic performance and research involvement of students coming from urban and rural backgrounds. To our knowledge, this is the first such study of undergraduate medical students in Croatia. METHOD: We surveyed the final (sixth) year medical students from Medical School, University of Zagreb, Croatia. Students were surveyed during the academic year 2004/2005, several months prior to their graduation. We analysed students' academic performance (grade point average, which is the most important academic success indicator in Croatia, and the number of failed study years) and research involvement (involvement in research projects and the possible subsequent publication of scientific articles). Additionally, we investigated the extent of extracurricular activities, and students' workplace preferences. Data were analysed using chi2 test, Fisher's exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis test, due to non-normal data distribution. RESULTS: A total of 204 students (out of 240 enrolled, with a response rate of 85%) were surveyed, and divided into three groups: (1) those coming from the highly urbanised background (capital and other highly urbanised areas; n = 100, 49%); (2) mid-urban (towns; n = 75, 37%); and (3) rural and remote backgrounds (n = 29, 14%). There was no indication of gender gap or age difference among the three groups. However, significant differences were recorded in most academic and research indicators. Students from highly urbanised backgrounds reported the best grade point average (p = 0.022). Students from rural and remote backgrounds most commonly reported a study year failure (p = 0.032), with 17 (59%) cases, compared with 32 (32%) and 31 (42%) cases in high and mid-urban ones, respectively. Rural and remote students were also the most likely to experience multiple years failure (p = 0.030), were the least often involved in research projects (p = 0.002), and reported the least interest in career supplemented with scientific research (p = 0.015). Finally, students from rural and remote backgrounds were the least commonly involved in extracurricular activities, such as membership in student organizations (p = 0.005), or various hobbies (p = 0.009). However, 12 (41%) of rural and remote students were likely to seek employment in rural and remote areas, compared with a much lower percent among high and mid-urban students, with 16 (16%) and 16 (21%) students, respectively (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: This study exhibited significant differences in the academic performance and research involvement of students coming from urban and rural backgrounds. Students from highly urbanised background reported the best academic indicators, while students from rural and remote backgrounds reported the poorest. Implementation of a rural students' support program should be strategically planned and carried out, because students from rural backgrounds in more than half the cases experienced a study year failure. Because students from rural and remote backgrounds were the most likely to prefer employment in rural and remote areas, they present a valuable resource for reduction of disparities in health workforce geographical distribution.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Study on the risk factors and characteristics on childhood sexual abuses among female students in a college].

OBJECTIVE: To study the risk factors and abusers' characteristics on childhood sexual abuses among female students to provide reference data for preventive measures on child sexual abuse. METHODS: Annonymous questionnaire survey of 701 adult female students in a college about their personal experience on childhood sexual abuses, their home conditions and abusers' characteristics. RESULTS: A total number of 701 female students were surveyed. 115 (22.11%) experienced non-physical contact sexual abuses before the age of 18, including 26 (3.71%) who suffered from attempted and 8 (1.14%) were forced with genital or anal sexual intercourse. 117 (16.69%) said they had suffered from sexual abuse before the age of 16. Most abusers were males (99.4%) and only a small percentage of them (3.2%) used violence. Most non-physical contact sexual abuses were from strangers (78.7%), while 71.3% of physical contact abuses were from acquaintances including 12.5% of them were teachers, 17.5% were neighbors and 21.3% were relatives. The risk factors of child sexual abuses were: frequent use of violence, bad hobbies and poor health conditions of parents, tight family relationships, and living in remarried families. Having well-educated fathers was a preventive factor. CONCLUSION: Studies on childhood sexual abuses among females revealed that the incidents were not rare, and family environment played an important role.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Erysipeloid--case report.

Erysipeloid is an acute, bacterial infection of traumatized skin in an individual who was in direct contact with meat or other animal products contaminated with a gram-positive bacillus Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. We present a case of a 50-year-old housewife whose hobby was fishing, with a reddish, tender patch on the fifth finger and dorsum of the left hand, which developed a week after she had sustained an injury while boning the fish. The patient was treated with orally administered penicillin V 1,500,000 IU t.i.d. for 7 days, with complete resolution.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Psychosocial characteristics of diabetic students at Sporting Students Hospital in Alexandria.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that may have an impact on children's psychosocial adjustment. The aim of the present work was to study the psychosocial characteristics of diabetic students and to determine predictors of diabetes control. A cross-sectional study of 150 diabetic students who attended the diabetic school health insurance clinic of Sporting Student's Hospital in Alexandria governorate within a period of one month was conducted. A pre-designed interviewing questionnaire was used to collect--from the child and/or his/her parents--personal data, data about the child social relationships and school and disease characteristics. School adjustment index and stress symptom index were used to assess the school performance and the stress symptoms respectively. The result revealed that 34% of the diabetic students were maladjusted to school and 31.3% were symptomatic based on the stress index. Generally speaking, diabetic children reported good relationship to peers (65.3%), parents (57.3%) and siblings (51.3%), most of them have good friendship (82%) and those involved in one or more kind of hobby were about three fourth of all. Both age (P<0.05), sex (P<0.05), social class (P<0.05), disease duration (P<0.05) and stress symptoms (P<0.05) were all significantly associated with the disease control. However after adjustment for other variables, students of low social class families (OR=5.1, p<0.01) and those of longer disease duration (6-10 years) (OR=7.9, p<0.05) were significant predictors of diabetes control. In conclusion diabetes per se might have no significant association with academic performance or social relationship. Students with large diabetic duration-especially those of low social class families--are at increased risk of suboptimal glycaemic control and should be targeted for interventional strategies.

Adaptation, Psychological↗