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PubMed1982

[Adhesive and hemagglutinating properties of lactobacilli].

The study of the adhesive and hemagglutinating properties of the strains of different Lactobacillus species isolated from the human digestive tract and sour milk products were carried out. 49 strains of 9 Lactobacillus species were studied; of these, 10 strains had been isolated from saliva, 11 strains from feces, 7 strains from milk and 5 strains from sour cream. 11 collection strains and 2 strains used in the production of lactobacterin served as controls. Adhesion was studied in vitro on human red blood cells used as a model. Red blood cells used in the experiments had been taken from 23 donors aged 25-52 years. Lactobacilli were found to have certain inter and intraspecific differences in their adhesiveness. The adhesiveness of the lactobacilli isolated from human feces was considerably greater than that of the strains isolated from sour milk products and of the collection strains. Only the strains of lactobacilli with low adhesiveness possessed pronounced hemagglutinating properties.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1981

[Production of an erythrocytic ganglioside diagnostic reagent for detecting cholera enterotoxin and toxoid in indirect hemagglutination tests].

The studies described in this work have indicated that cholera enterotoxin and its components (cholerogenoid and subunit B) can be detected in amounts of 0.25, 0.28 and 0.6 microgram of protein per 1 ml, respectively, by means of erythrocytes sensitized with gangliozide-containing complex. The conditions for erythrocyte sensitization have been established. The methods of cholerogen titration in the passive hemagglutination test by means of the erythrocytic gangliozide diagnostic reagent and in Craig's skin test have been shown to correlate. Similarly, the passive hemagglutination test is supposed to be suitable for detecting other bacterial toxins interacting with gangliozides.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Serology of leprosy. I. Indirect hemagglutination test with stabilized sensitized red cells.

An indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test has been described for the qualitative and quantitative detection of antibodies specific to Mycobacterium leprae. Aldehyde stabilized red cells were sensitized with a sonicate antigen prepared from M. leprae purified from armadillo liver. These cells were titrated against sera from patients with different types of leprosy, their healthy household contacts and patients with tuberculosis. Specific antibodies were demonstrated in leprous sera by IHA test after absorption of sera with M. tuberculosis and M. vaccae. All advanced forms of leprosy (LL and BL) and a variable number of other forms of leprosy (BB, BT and TT) showed a positive result with an IHA titre of 1 in 32 or above. None of the household contact sera nor sera from tuberculosis patients showed a positive IHA test. The application of the simple hemagglutination test in the immunoepidemiology of leprosy is discussed.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

[Comparison of two hemagglutination tests for hepatitis B surface antigen (author's transl)].

Two commercial reverse passive hemagglutination tests of HBsAg (Organon and Wellcome) were compared and our results showed that both of them had excellent sensitivities. However, Wellcome excelled in specificities. The false positive test should be prevented by pretreatment of the serum. The hemagglutination may be comparable to the radioimmunoassay, if the specimens are adequately pretreated.

Hemagglutination Tests↗
PubMed1978

The usefulness of various Yersinia enterocolitica antigens for passive hemagglutination test.

Using various antigen preparations of seven Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes (according to Knapp and Thal) and homologous rabbit immune sera the author succeeded in standardization of passive hemagglutination test. The usefulness of preparations termed "supernatant" derived from heated cells at 100 degrees C and lyophilized "crude" preparations of all serotypes were assessed using blood donors' sera and sera of subjects suspected of infection with Y. enterocolitica. It has been shown that though the diagnostic value of supernatant is higher than that of crude fraction, with the former one it is not possible to differentiate hemagglutinins against particular serotypes. More detailed assessment has been limited to serotype IA, only. An equal usefulness for passive hemagglutination of preparations termed "CA free crude" and "ethanol insoluble fraction" derived from TCA extracted cell sediment has been found.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of Mycoplasma meleagridis antibodies demonstrated by tube agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests.

Groups of turkeys inoculated intravenously with hemagglutinating (HA) and nonhemagglutinating (NHA) strains of Mycoplasma meleagridis developed similar antibody titers as demonstrated by the tube agglutination (TA) test, but use of the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test indicated markedly higher titers for turkeys inoculated with the HA strain than for those inoculated with the NHA strain. Adsorption of serum antibody with NHA strain antigen removed most agglutination activity but had little effect on HI activity. These results indicate that the HI and TA tests demonstrated antibody against different antigens, with the HI test detecting antibody directed against the hemagglutinin and the TA test detecting antibody directed against membrane antigens common to both strains.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1995

Paramyxovirus induced cell fusion. Hemagglutination and hemolysis is enhanced by methylphenidate.

The influence of methylphenidate (MP) upon cell fusion, hemagglutination and hemolysis induced by paramyxovirus was evaluated in vitro. A direct correlation between MP concentrations (range 40 mg/ml to 1.25 mg/ml) and hemagglutination and hemolysis induced by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was found. Furthermore, MP (500 micrograms/ml) increased formation of the syncytia by LPM paramyxovirus in PK-15 cells. It is fair to speculate that MP leads to activation of the F and/or HN proteins in paramyxovirus by mechanisms other than proteolytic cleavage.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Significance of indirect hemagglutination test with polyvalent E. coli O antigens to diagnosis of pyelonephritis (author's transl)].

78% of 32 patients with acute E. coli pyelonephritis had significantly increased antibody titers to polyvalent E. coli antigens (PA). Only 14% of 42 patients with chronic E. coli pyelonephritis had increased antibody titers. 143 E. coli O groups were used in hemagglutination test distributed into 8 antigen pools. Antibody titers to common O groups were more elevated than those to uncommon O groups. The result showed that hemagglutination test with PA can be usefull for serologic diagnostic of acute pyelonephritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

The propagation of a porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in swine kidney cell cultures.

An established cell line, KSEK6, derived from swine embryo kidney proved to be a suitable host for the propagation of a hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, strain 67N. Infected cells showed clear cytopathic effect as early as 24 hours incubation at 37 degrees C. Plaques easily visible to the naked eye were also produced under agar overlay medium. The infective titer of 3rd passage level in the cells was in the order of 10(8) PFU per ml. Detecting antibodies against this virus strain in swine sera was considered to be more accurate by neutralization test than by hemagglutination inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hemagglutinating and sialidase activities of subpopulations of influenza A viruses.

The present study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of two samples of influenza A/England/42/72 (H3N2) virus, one of them selected by an adsorption-elution technique, to determine the possible existence of virus variants or subpopulations. Based on specificity of virulence-related cell receptor-binding and sialidase activities, this selection technique using human O group erythrocytes revealed the presence of variants within a standard virus sample with diversity for their hemagglutinating and sialidase activities. The standard-like (E1) sample exhibited titers of 4 and 32 HAU (hemagglutinating units in 25 microliters) with human O group and chicken erythrocytes, respectively, while the sample obtained by the adsorption-elution process (E2) exhibited titers of 32 and 4 HAU, respectively, with these same types of erythrocytes. The E2 sample showed higher sialidase activity at pH values between 5.4 and 6.6 with human erythrocytes (128-256 HAU), but the E1 sample did not exhibit significant sialidase activity with either human or chicken erythrocytes. The different pH optima for hemolysis (5.2) and sialidase (5.4-6.6) activities and the higher hemolysis indexes present in samples with sialidase activity inhibited by heating (at 56 degrees C for 30 min) or by treatment with EDTA (dilution in buffer containing 2 mM EDTA, a chelating agent on calcium-dependent sialidase activity) demonstrate the independence of these activities in the selected sample: native E2 (absorbance = 0.18), EDTA-treated native E2 (absorbance = 0.28), heated E2 (absorbance = 0.26), EDTA-treated heated E2 (absorbance = 0.41).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Incidence of antibody for hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in serums from swine in the United States.

Serums prepared from blood collected from swine in Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, New Hampshire, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington were examined by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for antibody to hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV). Antibody was detected in serums from swine in each of the states except Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The frequency of antibody ranged from 10.9% (6 of 55) with serums from swine in Oregon, to 98.6% (71 of 72) with serums from sows in Iowa. A total of 1,241 serums (438 from hysterectomy-derived, colostrum-deprived, neonatal pigs and 803 from older swine) were examined by the HI test. Antibody was detected in 578 (72%) of 803 serums from older swine but not from any of the 438 serums from neonatal pigs. The 803 serums from older swine all were examined by the agar gel diffusion (AGD) test, and antibody was detected in 364 (45.3%). Some of the 803 serums (349 from butcher swine in Iowa) were also examined by the serum-neutralization (SN) test. The number and percentage of the 349 serums with detectable antibody by SN, HI and AGD tests were 331 (94.8%), 313 (89.7%) and 181 (51.9%), respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hemagglutination assays for the diagnosis and prevention of IgA anaphylactic transfusion reactions.

Passive hemagglutination assays (PHA) may be used to detect IgA antibodies to confirm clinical diagnoses of suspected IgA anaphylactic transfusion reactions. Passive hemagglutination inhibition assays (PHIA) may be used to identify IgA-deficient blood donors whose plasma-containing components are transfused to prevent anaphylactic transfusion reactions in prospective recipients at risk because of the presence of IgA antibodies. Using a standard PHA, we detected class-specific anti-IgA in 76.3% of 80 IgA-deficient patients with a history of an anaphylactic transfusion reaction, and in 21.7% of 97 asymptomatic IgA-deficient blood donors or their IgA-deficient family members. Using PHIA, we confirmed IgA deficiency (< 0.05 mg/dL) for the donors of 525 plasma-containing blood components that were transfused without acute clinical reactions to 48 IgA-deficient recipients with anti-IgA and/or a history of an anaphylactic transfusion reaction. The frequency of IgA-deficiency with class-specific anti-IgA among 32,376 random blood donors was 0.08% (1/1,200). The combined use of PHA for detecting anti-IgA and PHIA for measuring IgA concentration provides an effective and safe strategy for the diagnosis and prevention of IgA anaphylactic transfusion reactions. However, PHA for anti-IgA lacks specificity for identifying persons who are truly at risk for significant anaphylactic transfusion reactions. The consequence is an overdiagnosis of IgA anaphylactic transfusion reactions and an overestimation of the number of persons at risk for IgA anaphylactic transfusion reactions because of the detection of an IgA antibody in their serum.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation and characterization of a Haemophilus paragallinarum mutant that lacks a hemagglutinating antigen.

In an in vivo cross-protection test with Haemophilus paragallinarum strains of serovars B and C, we isolated and characterized a mutant strain, S1M, which lacked a hemagglutinating (HA) antigen when compared biologically and immunologically with isogenic strain S1. Unlike the isogenic strain S1, the mutant strain S1M lacked HA activity against formaldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes, even after hyaluronidase treatment, and it did not stimulate hemagglutination-inhibition antibody in chickens immunized with bacterial cells. Dot-blot testing and immunoelectron microscopy with monoclonal antibodies against serovar C-specific HA antigens showed that strain S1M did not react with these monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, strain S1M was found to be both non-pathogenic and non-immunogenic. In contrast, the isogenic strain S1 reacted with these monoclonal antibodies and was pathogenic and immunogenic. These results suggest that the HA antigen of H. paragallinarum serovar C. strain plays an important role in pathogenicity and immunogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on the hemagglutinant activity of some Aeromonas strains.

216 strains to Aeromonas genus (158 A. hydrophila, 33 A. salmonicida, 23 A. sobria, 1 A. caviae and 1 A. veronii strains) of different sources of isolation were studied concerning their hemagglutinating behaviour to 5 different erythrocyte species (human, bovine, chicken, African green monkey and guinea pig) in the presence/absence of mannose/fucose. The study aimed to establish the spectrum of their hemagglutinating activity and any possible correlation between the source of isolation, biochemical phenotype LDC VP and HA type/subtype. Different aspects of HA type/subtype and phenotype LDC VP of Aeromonas strains are discussed. Four Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from pig enteritis exhibited constantly FRHA to bovine erythrocytes suggesting a possible correlation between virulence and HA type of the respective strains.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1993

[Hemagglutinating properties of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus].

Hemagglutinating activity was tested in 309 strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus with fresh and tannine human, horse, sheep, bovine, chicken and guinea pig erythrocytes. Determinations were performed with 0.1% D-mannose and without it, both in temperature 37 and 22 degrees C. Hemagglutinating activity was exhibited by 75-85% of strains, more frequently cultured at 22 degrees C A. calcoaceticus var. anitratus equally frequently was agglutinating both types of erythrocytes. Strains of A calcoaceticus var. lwoffii were agglutinating only chicken erythrocytes, but were agglutinating all tannin treated erythrocytes. The observed agglutination was mannose-resistant.

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of usefulness of a new generation of tests for detection in humans of antibodies for 9,12 antigens of Salmonella. I. Occurrence and level of antibodies detected by DOT-ELISA, latex and passive hemagglutination tests].

The study was aimed at evaluation of usefulness of immunoenzymatic Dot-ELISA test and an own latex test (OL) for diagnosis of infections evoked by group D Salmonella in humans with application of passive hemagglutination test (OHS) as a relation test. Samples of blood donors, persons suspected of infection with group D Salmonella and of patients with acute gastroenteritis, were tested. In highest percentage of tested samples of serum derived from blood donors (84.5%), antibodies for 9, 12 antigen with Dot-ELISA were detected in immunoglobulin G class. In class IgM these antibodies were found in 46.5% of tested samples, whereas in IgA class only in 11.9% of samples. By application of passive hemagglutination, antibodies against 9, 12 antigen were detected in 56.8% of serum samples from blood donors and by application of a latex test in 8.7% of samples. Evaluation of antibody level of somatic antigen of group D Salmonella in healthy people formed a basis for determination for each of tests of a borderline serum titer accepted as diagnostically significant for specific antigenic stimulation. It permitted for analysis of variability of differences between the level of antibodies for 9, 12 antigen determined in blood donor serum and in patients from other two groups. By all three tests antibodies for 9, 12 antigen were detected significantly more frequently than in blood donors only in samples from patients suspected of Salmonella D infections. In highest percentage of samples (80.4%) these antibodies were detected by the Dot-ELISA test in IgM and IgG classes, slightly lower in OL (70.7% of samples) and in lowest in OHB (57.4% of samples). In samples of serum from patients with acute gastroenteritis, antibodies against 9, 12 antigen were found significantly more frequently than in blood donors only by the Dot-ELISA test in all classes of immunoglobulins (IgM-87.4%, IgA-56.2% and IgG-62.5% of serum samples).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Neutrophil deactivation by influenza A viruses: mechanisms of protection after viral opsonization with collectins and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies.

Bacterial superinfections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality during influenza A virus (IAV) epidemics. Depression of phagocyte functions resulting from attachment of the IAV hemagglutinin (HA) to cell surface sialo-glycoproteins is a likely contributory cause of these infections. We have proposed that the group of collagenous lectins (termed collectins) present in blood and pulmonary surfactant play a role in initial host defense against IAV. We used here several recombinant human surfactant protein D (RhSP-D) preparations to determine the mechanism through which opsonization of IAV with collectins protects neutrophils against the deactivating effects of IAV on cellular respiratory burst responses in vitro. RhSP-D was markedly more potent than antibodies that inhibited viral hemagglutination activity (anti-HA antibodies) at protecting neutrophils in this assay. Unlike the anti-HA antibodies, RhSP-D was protective at concentrations that minimally inhibited viral hemagglutination activity. Two related features of SP-D--the degree of multimerization and the ability to cause aggregation of IAV particles--were critical determinants of the ability of SP-D to protect neutrophils against deactivation. Similarly SP-D-induced viral aggregate formation resulted in enhanced IAV binding to neutrophils and potentiated the ability of the virus itself to trigger neutrophil respiratory burst responses. In contrast to the case of IAV-antibody complexes, SP-D-IAV complexes attached to and activated neutrophils through a neuraminidase-sensitive mechanism (ie, similar to unopsonized IAV). These results indicate that collectin-mediated viral aggregation per se may be an important host defense mechanism not only by virtue of reducing the number of infectious viral particles, but also by promoting phagocyte responsiveness.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preparation and study of properties of anti-idiotypic antibodies, carrying hemagglutinating paratopes of tick-borne encephalitis virus on their surface].

Rabbit polyclonal and rat monoclonal anti-idiotypical antibodies (AIA) against two hemagglutinating murine monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein E of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE) have been obtained, purified, and studied. All AIA reacted with murine monoclonal antibodies to TBE protein E and did not react with normal murine immunoglobulins in enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Polyclonal AIA to monoclonal E6B and 10H10 antibodies specifically reacted with RH, SPEV, and goose red cells. In addition, polyclonal AIA were capable of agglutinating goose erythrocytes. Mice immunized with purified polyclonal and monoclonal AIA produced antiviral sera, which reacted in EIA with purified TBE virions. These results indicate that AIA carry the TBE virus image and mimic the hemagglutination activity epitopes on glycoprotein E. Interactions of AIA with cell membranes indicates that they fix the cellular receptor needed for adsorption and penetration of TBE virus into the cells.

Animals↗