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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Ionic channels of the sugar beet tonoplast are regulated by a multi-ion single-file permeation mechanism.

Ionic channels of the sugar beet tonoplast were studied using the patch-clamp technique. At micromolar concentrations of cytosolic calcium, several (at least four) distinct single-channel current levels were routinely identified. On the basis of channel voltage dependence, kinetic properties and conductance of single openings, the largest channel (103 +/- 2 pS in symmetric 150 mm KCl) corresponds to the slow vacuolar (SV) channel already identified by Hedrich and Neher (1987). The majority of the whole-vacuole current was ascribed to this time-dependent slow-activating channel elicited by positive vacuolar potentials. The channel of intermediate amplitude (41 +/- 1 pS in 150 mM KCl) did not show any voltage dependence and delay in the activation upon the application of voltage steps to both positive and negative transmembrane potentials. Owing to its voltage independence this channel was denominated FV1. The opening probability of the SV-type channel increased by increasing the cytoplasmic calcium concentration, while the activity of the FV1 channel did not increase appreciably by changing the calcium concentration in the range from 6 microM to 1 mM. All the channels identified showed a linear current-voltage characteristic in the range +/-100 mV and at least the three most conductive ones displayed potassium selectivity properties. Substitution of potassium with tetramethylammonium (TMA) on the cytosolic side demonstrated that both the SV and FV1 channels are impermeable to TMA influx into the vacuole and support the potassium selectivity properties of these two channels. Moreover, the single channel conductances of all the channels identified increased as a function of the potassium concentration and reached a maximum conductivity at [K+] approximately 0.5 M. This behavior can be explained by a multi-ion occupancy single-file permeation mechanism.

Ion Channels↗
PubMed2005

Feature integration across perception and action: event files affect response choice.

Five experiments investigated the spontaneous integration of stimulus and response features. Participants performed simple, prepared responses (R1) to the mere presence of Go signals (S1) before carrying out another, freely chosen response (R2) to another stimulus (S2), the main question being whether the likelihood of repeating a response depends on whether or not the stimulus, or some of its features, are repeated. Indeed, participants were more likely to repeat the previous response if stimulus form or color was repeated than if it was alternated. The same was true for stimulus location, but only if location was made task-relevant, whether by defining the response set in terms of location, by requiring the report of S2 location, or by having S1 to be selected against a distractor. These findings suggest that task-relevant stimulus and response features are spontaneously integrated into independent, local event files, each linking one stimulus to one response feature. Upon reactivation of one member of the binary link activation is spread to the other, thereby increasing the likelihood to repeat a response if one or more stimulus features are repeated. These findings support the idea that both perceptual events and action plans are cognitively represented in terms of their features, and that feature-integration processes cross borders between perception and action.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Bias explorer: measurements of compositional bias in EMBL and GenBank sequence files.

A Windows application for compositional analysis of sequenced genomes (EMBL or GenBank flat files) is available as freeware. The application allows the user to quantify word bias using Markov chain analysis and it allows the user to generate sliding window data for GC-skew, AT-skew, purine excess, keto excess and discrete word counts. The mathematical routines reside in a dynamic link library (DLL), which can be used independently by other applications. The software is available for download at http://www.dfuni.dk/~anfu/Bioinformatics/Main.htm.

Bias↗
PubMed1979

Ion transport in the simplest single file pore.

A kinetic scheme is developed to describe single-file transport through pores containing up to two ions which may be of different species. The solution for the fluxes in terms of rate constants for entry, exit, and transfer is derived without specific assumptions about symmetry or the voltage and activity dependence of the constants. For a symmetrical pore the relation between the slope conductance at zero applied potential and ion activity can have two distinct regions in which the conductance increases linearly. Zero current or reversal potentials depend on the absolute values of the activities as well as their ratios. The use of this theory to describe the cation fluxes through the pores formed by gramicidin A will be considered in a subsequent paper. Here the model is discussed for a number of more specific assumptions, most extensively the following combination: (1) while entry to a pore is less likely when the pore is already occupied at the opposite end, this entry is still rapid; (2) exit is much more rapid when the pore is occupied by two ions; and (3) transfer from one end to the other of a singly occupied pore is rapid. With these assumptions and for a range of concentrations over which the fluxes are proportional to ion activities, the model predicts a flux ratio exponent nearly equal to 2, blocking by impermeant ions, rectification due to blocking particles on one side only, relief of block by increase in the permeant ion concentration on the opposite side, and anomalous variations of the conductance and zero current potential with mole ratio when the total concentration of the two permeants is held constant.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1992

The reviewing of object files: object-specific integration of information.

A series of experiments explored a form of object-specific priming. In all experiments a preview field containing two or more letters is followed by a target letter that is to be named. The displays are designed to produce a perceptual interpretation of the target as a new state of an object that previously contained one of the primes. The link is produced in different experiments by a shared location, by a shared relative position in a moving pattern, or by successive appearance in the same moving frame. An object-specific advantage is consistently observed: naming is facilitated by a preview of the target, if (and in some cases only if) the two appearances are linked to the same object. The amount and the object specificity of the preview benefit are not affected by extending the preview duration to 1 s, or by extending the temporal gap between fields to 590 ms. The results are interpreted in terms of a reviewing process, which is triggered by the appearance of the target and retrieves just one of the previewed items. In the absence of an object link, the reviewing item is selected at random. We develop the concept of an object file as a temporary episodic representation, within which successive states of an object are linked and integrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A database management system for residency applicant files.

An automated system for recording information pertaining to applicants to the Internal Medicine Residency Program at Temple University Hospital was developed in 1983. Major objectives were to improve recordkeeping, filing, communication with applicants, and efficiency of the review committee's process. Reports generated have permitted tracking of the applicant pool throughout the recruiting season and collection of statistics which may be compared with prior years. The capacity of the Residency Office to market the Internal Medicine Residency Program through prompt, accurate, and personal communication with each applicant has been facilitated.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1980

Concept and implementation of a program for treatments and statistical or logical interrogations of a file: LOGIST.

LOGIST is a general program which can be used for the usual statistical interrogations and also for other basic operations such as a validity check, the transcoding and the listing of data essential to biomedicine and the human sciences. The objectives laid down for this program have enabled almost total transferability (using FORTRAN IV exclusively), simplicity in the interrogation language, clear presentation of results, reduction to a minimum of computer running time and working storage required and the facility for modification of program or addition of new sub-programs. All the possible statistical procedures have not been included yet but any such additions are quite simple. This program, despite its considerable size, can be satisfactorily used on a mini-computer. At present, it is installed on a Mitra 15 computer with a total memory capacity of 32 K words of 16 bits. Use with larger more powerful machines will increase its potential. Routine application to diverse problems (quality control of a file, transcoding, linking of data, etc....) is very satisfactory.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

Periapical response to dentin filings. A pilot study.

Vital maxillary canines of mature cats were intentionally instrumented through the foramen with No. 50 K-files. Dentin chips were packed into the apical opening in one tooth of each animal. In the contralateral tooth a dentin plug was not formed. Both root canals were then filled with gutta-percha. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 5, and 8 months. The results showed quicker healing characterized by minimal inflammation and cementum deposition in the specimens where dentin fillings were packed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Transfer of numeric ASCII data files between Apple and IBM personal computers.

Listings for programs designed to transfer numeric ASCII data files between Apple and IBM personal computers are provided with accompanying descriptions of how the software operates. Details of the hardware used are also given. The programs may be easily adapted for transferring data between other microcomputers.

Computers↗
PubMed1989

A poisonous plant file in TOXLINE.

A file has been added to TOXLINE on the subject of the toxicology of poisonous plants. It contains 2508 records, each of which comprises the full reference, key words, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number and abstract when available. A controlled vocabulary was constructed for the indexing and can be obtained from the National Technical Information Service. Searches can be made for several different data elements including authors; year; significant textwords of the title or abstract; journal or book; document type such as review or case report; geographic place at the level of continent, nation and state/province; plant species at the level of family, genus and species; plant parts involved; animal species affected including humans; type of harmful effects including major signs and lesions and chemicals.

Information Systems↗
PubMed1986

Portable file management system in FORTRAN. II. The input/output routine for free-format text.

A software tool for inputing and outputing patient data (1/O routine) has been developed. Since this I/O routine is programmed exclusively in FORTRAN77, it will make a powerful tool for constructing a portable database system. Basically the routine manipulates an ASCII-coded text string that consists of lines demarcated by the CR code (13) and is terminated by the null code (0). The editing commands are preceded by one of the following ASCII characters: @, !, ], [, *, and _, and all the strings with an initial character other than these are interpreted as data to be inserted into the text. Since the routine uses two FORTRAN tools already reported, i.e. the subroutines to manipulate key files and the subroutines to manage variable length records, character strings can be stored without any restrictions in format or in size, and can be retrieved either sequentially or in an indexed manner.

Computers↗
PubMed1989

GENPRO: automatic generation of Prolog clause files for knowledge-based systems in the biomedical sciences.

With the increasing interest in using knowledge-based approaches for protein structure prediction and modelling, there is a requirement for general techniques to convert molecular biological data into structures that can be interpreted by artificial intelligence programming languages (e.g. Prolog). We describe here an interactive program that generates files in Prolog clausal form from the most commonly distributed protein structural data collections. The program is flexible and enables a variety of clause structures to be defined by the user through a general schema definition system. Our method can be extended to include other types of molecular biological database or those containing non-structural information, thus providing a uniform framework for handling the increasing volume of data available to knowledge-based systems in biomedicine.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Telephone line transfer using a local filing system in Hokkaido.

An image-data transfer system using a public telephone line has been constructed between Hokkaido University Hospital (HUH) and Nakashibetsu Town Hospital (NTH). The latter is situated about 420 km from Sapporo and does not have full-time radiologists. A local filing system coupled with a film reader and an optical disk had been installed in HUH in 1986, and in NTH in 1988. Both systems were connected by a public telephone line along which the transfer speed is 9600 bps. Images originating at NTH, mostly CT, were digitized by the film reader and sent to HUH after compression at a ratio of about 5:1 to 10:1. Clinical information concerning a patient was also sent to HUH using facsimile. Radiologists interpreted the transferred data (12 CT images on a film) on the CRT and sent back a written report to NTH using facsimile. The system and its image quality are largely acceptable, especially in an emergency case for brain and abdomen, although the transfer of a film takes about 7 to 20 min.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1994

Personal computer-based small PACS for radiotherapy--analog image filing system for radiotherapy.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of a personal computer-based small PACS using analog video images. The analog video recorder, personal computer, and display monitor constitute our system. An analog video recorder is composed of a laser disk recorder for still images and a video cassette recorder for moving images. The acquired video images are managed by a personal computer and database software. The serial communication ports of the personal computer and a video recorder are connected with the reverse cable, and the video recorder is controlled by the personal computer using our program. This system enables filing of multi-modality images including moving images and is used for following up and treatment planning of the patients who received radiotherapy.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1995

Annotating PDB files with scene information.

We have implemented extensions to the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank (PDB) file format for incorporating scene information such as viewing parameters, additional molecular information (e.g., van der Waals radii and atom colors), and user-defined graphics. These extensions were made in conformance with the PDB standard and provide sufficient information to render the scene in various styles such as space-filling images and ribbon diagrams. For the past 5 years these extensions have been used in the MidasPlus molecular modeling system and have proved both powerful and sufficient for generating complex molecular images. We propose that the extensions to the PDB presented here be adopted by the molecular modeling community for incorporation into visualization programs.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1975

The relation between osmotic flow and tracer solvent diffusion for single-file transport.

It is demonstrated that a reasonably general model for single-file passage of solvent through an ultra-narrow pore implies the equality of tracer diffusion and osmotic flow. This result is not trival, but follows from the exactly compensating effects of solvent-solvent interaction on the paritioning of bulk solvent into the pore and on the diffusion rate within the pore. A previous calculation of Longuet-Higgins and Austin is seen to be valid only in the absence of interactions among solvent molecules in the pore.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1995

Problems in selecting the adequate patient population from existing data files for assessment studies of new diagnostic tests.

Assessment of new diagnostic tests should be carried out in a population with suspicion of disease. This 'indicated' population may comprise all patients for whom the target disease is part of the differential diagnosis. To investigate this empirically, data from a study on ultrasonography for scrotal pathology diagnosis was used for assessment of ultrasonography for epididymitis. The population could be selected according to several inclusion criteria, varying from patients with epididymitis mimicking diseases in their differential diagnosis, to patients with only epididymitis mentioned in their differential diagnosis. Different methods of population gathering led to large variations in the test characteristics of ultrasonography (sensitivity 76-83%, specificity 79-97%, prevalence of epididymitis for test-negative patients 56-5%). These results suggest selection bias depending on the true disease status. We advocate prospective assessment studies in populations with disease suspicion, as defined by signs, symptoms and complaints. Constituting an indicated population from an existing file of retrospectively gathered data may pose problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

1991 registry of the French Society of Hemapheresis (SFH): preliminary results for the first year of the on-line computer access file. The Registry Study Group.

From 1985 to 1990, the French Society of Hemapheresis (SFH) managed a National Registry of Plasma Exchange (PE) which included a data collection service, computer data input and statistical analysis of the total operation. The management of this registry did, however, encounter some problems. In 1991, an on-line computer access file was created, permitting French centers to input their data in Minitel Registry System. As a result, analysis on a national scale has proven more time-effective and data collection errors have been noticeably reduced. In January 1991, 43 centers were connected to the Minitel System. Only 17 centers, representing 4706 PEs, entered their data directly to the Minitel System during 1991 and, during the first term of 1992, a further 11 centers, representing 3258 PEs, communicated their data on paper in batch mode. The final total for 1990 was: 26 centers representing 860 patients and 7991 PEs. It is likely that some small imperfections have already developed during processing of the 1991 data, but these will be corrected as they are entered into the system. With the implementation of the Minitel System the French PE Registry represents a more accurate picture of plasmapheresis activity in France.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗